Файл: Документ Microsoft Office Word.docx

'Was Tom there when you arrived?' - 'Yes, but he went (go) home soon afterwards.'

1. The house was very quiet when I got home. Everybody _______ (go) to bed. 2. I felt very tired when I got home, so I _______ (go) straight to bed. 3. Sorry I'm late. The car _______ (break) down on my way here. 4. There was a car by the side of the road. It _______ (break) down and the driver was trying to repair it. So we _______ (stop) to see if we could help.

Exercise 4. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Perfect.

1. Jill was afraid she _______ (forget) her key at home, but she found it in her handbag. 2. Dad wasn't at home when I came back. He _______ (go) out twenty minutes before. 3. I wasn't hungry because I _______ (just/have) breakfast. 4. Peter saw an urgent message on his table. Somebody _______ (leave) it the day before. 5 I apologized I _______ (not / phone) her. 6. He told me that he _______ (come back) a fortnight before. 7. I knew him at once though I ______ (meet) him many years before. 8. We spent the night in Klin, a town we (often/hear of) but (never/see). 9. They couldn't believe he _______ (give up) his job in the bank. He _______ (make) a good living there. 10. Mr. Jackson said that he _______ (already / buy) everything for lunch.

Будущее завершенное время (The Future Perfect Tense)

Будущее завершенное время образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в будущем времени (will have) и третьей формы смыслового глагола. В вопросительном предложении вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим. В отрицательном предложении после вспомогательного глагола ставится отрицание not.

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительная форма	Отрицательная форма
I shall have written You will have written He will have written She will have written We will have written You will have written They will have written	Shall I have written? Will you have written? Will he have written? Will she have written? Will we have written? Will you have written? Will they have written?	I shall have not written You will have not written He will have not written She will have not written We will have not written You will have not written They will have not written

Распознавательные элементы Future Perfect:

Действие совершится к определенному моменту в будущем. Момент может быть указан: by Sunday (к воскресенью), by 2 o’clock (к 2 часам), by that time (к тому времени). Например:

I will have written the letter by 2 o’clock. Я напишу письмо к 2 часам.

Future Perfect употребляется очень редко, чаще оно заменяется на Future Simple.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Exercise 1. Поставьте глаголы, указанные в скобках, в Future Perfect. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. You (finish) your work by six o’clock tomorrow. 2. We (pass) our exams by the end of January. 3. The rain (stop) by the time we get to the station. 4. I (do) the work in half an hour. 5. When you come to see us next time, we (buy) a new piano. 6. By spring-time they (move) to a new flat. 7. They (read) the book before I see the film.

Exercise 2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из будущих времен: Future Simple, Future Continuous или Future Perfect.

1. I (do) my homework tomorrow. 2. I (do) my homework at six o'clock tomorrow. 3. I (do) my homework by six o'clock tomorrow. 4. When I come home tomorrow, my family (have) supper. 5. When you come to my place tomorrow, I (read) your book. I (do) my homework by the time you come. 6. Don't come to my place tomorrow. I (write) a composition the whole evening. 7. I (not to go) to the cinema tomorrow. I (watch) TV the whole evening. 8. What you (do) tomorrow? 9. What you (do) at eight o'clock tomorrow? 10. You (play) volley-ball tomorrow?

Exercise 3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect, Past Perfect или Future Perfect.

1. I (be) never to this city. 2. We thought that the city (make) a great impression on you. 3. He (translate) the article before you return. 4. They knew that you (go) sightseeing. 5. My brother went to Moscow after he (pass) his examination. 6. I (see / just) him, he must be somewhere here. 7. We (accept) their invitation before we learnt the news. 8. This plant (produce) new cars by the end of the year. 9. I (meet) the dean today. 10. She (write) a report by 6 o’clock today. 11. I know that the meeting (be) over by 8 o’clock. It will be too late.

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Настоящее длительное время (The Present Continuous Tense)

Настоящее длительное время образуется при помощи форм вспомогательного глагола to be в настоящем времени (am, is, are) и причастия первого смыслового глагола.

He is working now. He is not working now. Is he working now?

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительная форма	Отрицательная форма
I am working You are working He is working She is working It is working We are working You are working They are working	Am I working? Are you working? Is he working? Is she working? Is it working? Are we working? Are you working? Are they working?	I am not working You are not working He is not working She is not working It is not working We are not working You are not working They are not working

Настоящее длительное время употребляется для обозначения:

1) действия, развивающегося в момент речи: Look! They are playing in the garden!

2) момент может обозначать целый период времени: My father is a writer, he is writing a book now.

Однако глаголы чувственного восприятия, обозначающие эмоции, мыслительные процессы не употребляются в длительном времени. Do you see that boy?

3) для обозначения привычного действия, как типичной характеристики, выявляющей типичные черты характера человека. Такие предложения эмоционально окрашены и выражают раздражение, неодобрение, похвалу и т.д. Например: He is always talking at the lessons.

4) для обозначения действия, которые произойдут в ближайшем будущем с глаголами движения to move, to go, to leave и другими: He is returning on Monday.

В этом же значении употребляется фраза to be going to + инфинитив - собираться что-либо делать. I am going to visit him.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Exercise 1. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous.

1. The boys (to run) about in the garden. 2 I (to do) my homework. 3. John and his friends (to go) to the library. 4. Ann (to sit) at her desk. She (to study) geography. 5. A young man (to stand) at the window. He (to smoke) a cigarette. 6. The old man (to walk) about the room. 7. The dog (to lie) on the floor. 8. You (to have) a break? 9. What language you (to study)? 10. Who (to lie) on the sofa? 11. What they (to talk) about? 12. It still (to rain).

Exercise 2. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous.

(СЕЙЧАС) 1. Я читаю. 2. Он не пишет. 3. Мы не работаем. 4. Вы читаете? 5. Он спит? 6. Коля и Миша играют в футбол. 7. Катя играет на рояле. 8. Она не поет. 9. Моя сестра спит. 10. Папа пьет чай? 11. Твои родители пьют чай? 12. Я не сплю. 13. Она сидит за столом. 14. Мы делаем упражнение. 15. Мы не купаемся. 16. Они играют во дворе? 17. Нина и Аня моют пол. 18. Коля помогает маме. 19. Ты помогаешь папе? 20. Моя сестра читает интересную книгу. 21. Они идут в школу. 21. Вы идете в школу? 22. Он работает? 23 . Твоя бабушка идет в магазин? 24. Он покупает конфеты. 25. Что делает твоя сестра? 26. Где играют дети? 27. Почему ты смеешься? 28. Куда они идут? 29. Что несут эти мальчики?

Exercise 3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.

1. I (not to drink) coffee now. I (to write) an English exercise. 2. I (not to drink) coffee in the evening. I (to drink) coffee in the morning. 3. Your friend (to do) his homework now? 4. Your friend (to go) to school in the morning? 5. Look! The baby (to sleep). 6. The baby always (to sleep) after dinner. 7. My grandmother (not to work). She is on pension. 8. My father (not to sleep) now. He (to work) in the garden. 9. I usually (to get) up at seven o'clock in the morning. 10. What your sister (to do) now? - She (to wash) her face and hands.

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Exercise 4. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.

1. I (to read) books in the evening. 2. I (not to read) books in the morning. 3. I (to write) an exercise now. 4. I (not to write) a letter now. 5. They (to play) in the yard now. 6. They (not to play) in the street now. 7. They (to play) in the room now? 8. He (to help) his mother every day. 9. He (to help) his mother every day? 10. He (not to help) his mother every day. 11. You (to go) to school on Sunday? 12. My friend (not to like) to play football. 13. I (not to read) now. 14. He (to sleep) now? 15. We (not to go) to the country in winter.

Exercise 5. Продолжите предложения, используя am/is/are + один из предложенных глаголов.

building, coming, having, cooking, standing, swimming

1. Listen! Pat is playing the piano. 2. They ______ a new hotel in the city centre at the moment. 3. Look! Somebody ______ in the river. 4. 'You ______ on my foot.' - 'Oh, I'm sorry.' 5. Hurry up! The bus ______ . 6. 'Where are you, George?' - 'In the kitchen, I ______ a meal!' 7. (on the telephone) 'Hello. Can I speak to Ann, please?' - 'She ______ a shower at the moment. Can you phone again later?'

Exercise 6. Скажите, что происходит в данный момент.

1. (I / wash / my hair) ____________________________________ .

2. (it / snow) ____________________________________________ .

3. (I / sit / on a chair) ______________________________________ .

4. (I /eat) ________________________________________________ .

5. (it / rain) ______________________________________________ .

6. (I / learn / English) ______________________________________ .

7. (I / listen / to the radio) ___________________________________ .

8. (the sun / shine) _________________________________________ .

9. (I / wear/ shoes) _________________________________________ .

10. (I / smoke / a cigarette) ___________________________________ .

Exercise 7. Раскройте скобки.

1. Please be quiet. I _________ (try) to concentrate. 2. Look! It _________ (snow). 3. Why _________ (you/look) at me like that? Have I said something wrong? 4. You _________ (make) a lot of noise. Can you be a bit quieter? 5. Excuse me, I _________ (look) for a phone box. Is there one near here? 6. (in the cinema) It's a good film, isn't it? _________ (you/enjoy) it? 7. Listen! Can you hear those people next door? They _________ (shout) at each other again. 8. Why _________ (you/wear) your coat today? It's very warm. 9. I _________ (not/work) this week. I'm on holiday. 10. I want to lose weight. I _________ (not/eat) anything today.

Exercise 8. Прочитайте диалог. Раскройте скобки.

Brian and Steve meet in a restaurant:

Brian: Hello, Steve. I haven't seen you for ages. What _________ (you/do) these days?

Steve: I _________ (train) to be a shop manager.

Brian: Really? _________ (you/enjoy) it?

Steve: Yes, it's quite interesting. How about you?

Brian: Well I _________ (not/work) at the moment, but I am very busy. I _________ (build) a new house.

Steve: Really? _________ (you/do) it alone?

Brian: No, some friends of mine _________ (help) me.

Exercise 9. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.

1. They (to read) many books. 2. They (to read) many books? 3. They (not to read) many books. 4. The children (to eat) soup now. 5. The children (to eat) soup now? 6. The children (not to eat) soup now. 7. You (to play) volley-ball well? 8. When you (to play) volley-ball? 9. What Nick (to do) in the evening? 10. He (to go) to the cinema in the evening?

The Past Continuous Tense

Прошедшее длительное время образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в прошедшем времени (was, were) и причастия первого смыслового глагола.

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительная форма	Отрицательная форма
I was working You were working He was working She was working It was working We were working You were working They were working	Was I working? Were you working? Was he working? Was she working? Was it working? Were we working? Were you working? Were they working?	I was not working You were not working He was not working She was not working It was not working We were not working You were not working They were not working

Прошедшее длительное время употребляется для обозначения:

1. развивающегося в определенный момент в прошлом действия. Указание точного момента времени, как правило, отсутствует, оно подразумевается, а иногда обозначается при помощи простого прошедшего времени.

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2. для обозначения действия, протекающего целый период времени в прошлом. Период действия ясен из контекста. What were you doing in Paris?

3. для обозначения привычного действия, как типичной характеристики, выявляющей типичные черты характера человека. Такие предложения эмоционально окрашены и выражают раздражение, неодобрение, похвалу и т.д. Например: He was always talking at the lessons when he studied at school.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Exercise 1. Составьте вопросы. Используйте was/were -ing.

1. (what / Tim / do / when you saw him?) _________________________ ?

2. (what / you/do/at 11 o'clock?) What ___________________________ ?

3. (what / she / wear / yesterday?) _______________________________ ?

4. (it / rain / when you went out?) _______________________________ ?

5. (where / you / live / in 1981?) ________________________________ ?

Exercise 2. Скажите, что делал вчера Джо, когда вы его встретили.

1. (he / wear / a jacket) ________________________________________ .

2. (he / smoke / a pipe) ________________________________________ .

3. (he / carry / a bag) __________________________________________ .

4. (he / carry / an umbrella) ____________________________________ .

5. (he / go / to the dentist) _____________________________________ .

6. (he / wear / a hat) __________________________________________ .

Exercise 3. Раскройте скобки, используйте прошедшее длительное или простое времена.

1. When we ______ (go) out, it ______ (rain). 2. I wasn't hungry last night. I _____ (not/eat) anything. 3. ______ (you/watch) television when I ______ (phone) you? 4. Jane wasn't at home when I went to see her. She ______ (work). 5. I ______ (get) up early this morning. I ______ (wash), ______ (dress) and then I ______ (have) breakfast. 6. The postman ______ (come) while I ______ (have) breakfast. 7. We ______ (meet) Joan at the party. She ______ (wear) a red dress. 8. The boys ______ (break) a window when they ______ (play) football. 9. I was late but my friends ______ (wait) for me when I ______ (arrive). 10. I ______ (get) up at 7 o'clock. The sun ______ (shine), so I ______ (go) for a walk.

Exercise 4. Раскройте скобки, используйте прошедшее длительное или простое времена.

Образец: While Tom was cooking (cook) the dinner, the phone rang (ring).

1. George ______ (fall) off the ladder while he ______ (paint) the ceiling. 2. Last night I ______ (read) in bed when suddenly I ______ (hear) a scream. 3. ______ (you/watch) television when I phoned you? 4. Ann ______ (wait) for me when I ______ (arrive). 5. I ______ (not/drive) very fast when the accident ______ (happen). 6. I ______ (break) a plate last night. I ______ (do) the washing-up when it ______ (slip) out of my hand. 7. Tom ______ (take) a photograph of me while I ______ (not/look). 8. We ______ (not/go) out because it ______. (rain). 9 What ______ (you/do) at this time yesterday? 10. I ______ (see) Carol at the party. She ______ (wear) a really beautiful dress.

Exercise 5. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или Past Continuous.

1. I (to write) an English exercise now. 2. I (to write) an English exercise at this time yesterday. 3. My little sister (to sleep) now. 4 My little sister (to sleep) at this time yesterday. 5. My friends (not to do) their homework now. They (to play) volley-ball. 6. My friends (not to do) their homework at seven o'clock yesterday. They (to play) volley-ball. 7. You (to eat) ice-cream now? 8. You (to eat) ice-cream when I rang you up yesterday? 9. What your father (to do) now? 10. What your father (to do) from eight till nine yesterday?

Exercise 6. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Continuous.

1. I (to play) computer games yesterday. 2. I (to play) computer games at five o'clock yesterday. 3. He (to play) computer games from two till three yesterday. 4. We (to play) computer games the whole evening yesterday. 5. What Nick (to do) when you came to his place? 6. What you (to do) when I rang you up? 7. I (not to sleep) at nine o'clock yesterday. 8. What he (to do) yesterday? - He (to read) a book. 9. What he (to do) the whole evening yesterday? - He (to read) a book. 10. She (to sleep) when you came home?

The Future Continuous Tense

Будущее длительное время образуется при помощи shall/will be + причастие первое смыслового глагола.

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительная форма	Отрицательная форма
I shall be working You will be working He will be working She will be working It will be working We shall be working You will be working They will be working	Shall I be working? Will you be working? Will he be working? Will she be working? Will it be working? Shall we be working? Will you be working? Will they be working?	I shall not be working You will not be working He will not be working She will not be working It will not be working We shall not be working You will not be working They will not be working

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Будущее длительное время для обозначения:

1. действия в развитии в определенный момент в будущем. Момент времени либо обозначен, либо подразумевается: He will be sleeping.

2. для обозначения действия ожидаемого или рассматриваемого как само собой разумеющегося в будущем.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Exercise 1. Поставьте глаголы в Future Continuous. Напишите предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:

1. Не (to write) his article the whole day tomorrow. 2. It (to rain) when you go out of the house. 3. We (to discuss) the problem while you (to play) the piano. 4. I (to go) to Moscow at this time tomorrow. 5. I (to watch) TV when my mother (to come).

Exercise 2. Откройте скобки и поставьте глагол в нужном времени по смыслу (в Future Indefinite или Future Continuous):

1. (to stay) with my family over the week - end. 2. Tomorrow we (to ski) in the forest the whole day. 3. What you (to do) tomorrow at 12 o'clock? 4. I can't go with you. We (to have) an English class from 10 till 11.30. 5. There (to be) a lot of people in the dining - room during the dinner - break. 6. The children (to play) while I go shopping. 7. When you (to come) back? – I think, I (to be) back on Monday. 8. It (to take) you half an hour if you go there by metro. 9. The academic year (to be) over in a month. 10 She (to work) at her project from early morning till late at night tomorrow. 11. We (to wait) for you from 2 till 3 o'clock in the afternoon tomorrow.

Exercise 3. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Завтра весь вечер я буду делать уроки. 2. Когда он вернется из поездки, мы еще будем гостить у бабушки. 3. К сожалению, Джон будет работать на праздниках. 4. Все лето я буду лежать и загорать. 5. Ты узнаешь ее, она будет одета в яркое платье.

Модальные глаголы (Modal Verbs)

Модальными называются глаголы, выражающие не действие, а отношение к нему: возможность, необходимость, способность, вероятность и т. д. совершения действия, выраженного инфинитивом смыслового глагола, следующего за модальным. Модальные глаголы всегда употребляются с инфинитивом смыслового глагола, образуя составное глагольное (модальное) сказуемое.

Эти глаголы называются еще недостаточными, так как у них отсутствует ряд грамматических форм, присущих другим глаголам:

1. Они не изменяются по лицам и не имеют окончания –s в 3-м лице ед. числа (кроме эквивалентов модальных глаголов).

2. У них нет неличных форм инфинитива, причастия и герундия, а потому не имеют сложных видовременных форм (будущего времени, длительных и перфектных форм).

3. За исключением глаголов can (could) и may (might) модальные глаголы имеют только одну форму настоящего времени.

В группу модальных глаголов входят:

Can (could)

Глагол can (прошедшее время could) выражает физическую или умственную способность выполнить действие, выраженное инфинитивом. На русский язык переводится формами глаголов мочь и уметь. Например: I can read and speak English. – Я умею говорить и читать по английский.

Вопросительное предложение: Can I read?

Отрицательное предложение: I can not read.

В прошедшем времени употребляется could: He could speak French. – Он мог говорить по французский.

В значении глагола can, а также взамен его недостающих форм может во всех временах употребляться синонимическое сочетание to be able to быть в состоянии. Например:

I can play football, but I am not able to play now, I don’t feel well.

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