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Exercise 5. Образуйте отрицательную форму.

1. I like music very much - _______________________________________ .

2. Jack plays the piano very well. - _________________________ very well.

3. You know the answer - ________________________________________ .

4. She works very hard - _________________________________________ .

5. They do the same thing every day - ______________________________ .

Exercise 6. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple.

(ОБЫЧНО) 1. Я работаю. 2. Мы работаем. 3. Они не работают. 4. Вы работаете? - Да. 5. Он работает? - Нет. Он учится. 6. Мой брат не учится. Он работает. 7. Моя сестра не читает книг. 8. Наша бабушка любит спать на диване. 9. Вы любите отдыхать в кресле? 10. Мы едим и пьем в кухне.

Exercise 7. Закончите предложения, используйте предложенные глаголы в отрицательной форме.

cost, drive, go, know, play, sell, smoke, wash, wear

1. 'Have a cigarette.' - 'No, thank you. I don’t smoke. ' 2. They _______ newspapers in that shop. 3. She has a car but she _______ very often. 4. I like films but I _______ to the cinema very often. 5. He smells because he _______ very often. 6. It's a cheap hotel. It _______ much to stay there. 7. He likes football but he _______ very often. 8. I _______ much about politics. 9. She is married but she _______ a ring.

Будущее неопределенное время (The Future Indefinite Tense)

Будущее простое время образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола shall (I, we) и will (you, they, he, she, it) и инфинитива смыслового глагола без частицы to.

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительная форма		Отрицательная форма
I shall work You will work He will work She will work It will work We will work You will work They will work	Shall I work? Will you work? Will he work? Will she work? Will it work? Will we work? Will you work? Will they work?	I shall not work You will not work He will not work She will not work It will not work We will not work You will not work They will not work

В английском языке можно употреблять will для всех лиц. Разница употребления shall/will исчезает в разговорном английском языке, где употребляются сокращенные формы 'll.

I’ll see him tomorrow. Will he come to see me next Saturday? They will not give it to you.

Будущее простое время употребляется для обозначения:

1. единичного действия в будущем. It will be cold in the evening.

2. действия, которое будет протекать целый период времени в будущем. I hope you’ll leave for many years.

3. повторяющегося действия в будущем. I’ll come along as often as possible.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Exercise 1. Insert shall or will.

1. I … give you a call in the evening. 2. They … come in a few days. 3. The film … begin in 5 minutes. 4. We … stay at our friend’s. 5. They … do it themselves. 6. I … help you with the cooking. 7. He … graduate from the University next year. 8. It … get dark in an hour. 9. You … pack your things in the evening. 10. We … dine out tonight.

Exercise 2. Образуйте вопросительные и отрицательные формы.

1. You'll sleep. - ______ . 3. It will happen. - ______ .

2. I'll forget. - ______ . 4. You'll find it. - ______ .

Exercise 3. Выберите правильную форму глагола из предложенных.

1. We’ll go/ we are going to the theatre tonight. We've got the tickets. (we are going is right.). 2. 'What will you do / are you doing tomorrow evening?' - 'Nothing. I'm free.' 3. I'll go /I'm going away tomorrow morning. My train is at 8.40. 4. I'm sure he'll lend / he's lending you some money. He's very rich. 5. 'Why are you putting on your coat?' 'I'll go out / I'm going out.' 6. Do you think Claire will phone / is phoning us tonight? 7. She can't meet us on Saturday. She'll work / She's working.

Exercise 4. Напишите, являются ли следующие предложения правильными, если нет - исправьте.

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1. I phone you tomorrow morning, okay? ___________________________ .

2. I phone my sister every Friday. _________________________________ .

3. I haven't done the shopping yet. I do it later. _______________________ .

4. 'I don't want to drive.' - 'Okay, I drive.' ___________________________ .

5. 'How do you usually go to work?' - 'I drive.' _______________________ .

6. 'I haven't got any money.' - 'I lend you some.' ______________________ .

Exercise 5. Ответьте на вопросы, используя данные в скобках слова.

1. What do you think she'll say? (probably / nothing) - She … .

2. Where do you think she'll go? (expect / London) - I … .

3. When do you think she'll leave? (think / tomorrow) - I … .

4. How do you think she'll go there? (expect / by train) - I … .

5. When do you think she'll be back? (think / quite soon) - I … .

6. Do you think you'll miss her? (I'm sure / very much) - Yes, … .

Прошедшее неопределенное время (The Past Indefinite Tense)

Форма прошедшего простого времени образуется синтаксически путем прибавления к основе инфинитива окончания -ed: talked, worked, opened. Если основа оканчивается на немое -е, то прошедшее время образуется путем прибавления -d: like - liked.

Прошедшая форма неправильных глаголов образуется различными способами: to speak - spoke, to meet - met, to know - knew.

Вопросительные и отрицательные формы образуются аналитически при помощи вспомогательного глагола to do в прошедшем времени – did и инфинитива смыслового глагола.

Утвердительная форма		Вопросительная форма		Отрицательная форма
I worked You worked He worked She worked It worked We worked You worked They worked	I wrote You wrote He wrote She wrote It wrote We wrote You wrote They wrote	Did I work? Did you work? Did he work? Did she work? Did it work? Did we work? Did you work? Did they work?	Did I write? Did you write? Did he write? Did she write? Did it write? Did we write? Did you write? Did they write?	I did not work You did not work He did not work She did not work It did not work We did not work You did not work They did not work	I did not write You did not write He did not write She did not write It did not write We did not write You did not write They did not write

Прошедшее простое время употребляется:

1. Для описания действий, происходивших в прошлом, не связанных с настоящим. Прошедшее действие может характеризоваться обстоятельством времени (yesterday, last week, on Sunday, in 1999, a month ago, long ago). - Dr. Nixon taught at Oxford last year. - Доктор Никсон преподавал в Оксфорде в прошлом году.

2. Для описания последовательных действий в прошлом. Например: Mr.West came up to the house, took the key out of his pocket and opened the door. - Мистер Вест подошел к дому, достал из кармана ключ и открыл дверь.

3. Для описания обычных, повторяющихся действий в прошлом. Например: When Mr. Dance was a student, he rode his bike to classes. - Когда мистер Данс был студентом, он ездил на занятия на велосипеде.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Exercise 1. Перепишите данные предложения в прошедшем времени.

1. I often see Julia at the University. Yesterday… .

2. We always meet on Sundays. Last month…

3. Dan usually walks to his office. Yesterday…

4. He usually has a sandwich for lunch. Yesterday…

5. They usually watch TV in the evening. Yesterday evening …

6. I usually sleep very well. Last night … .

7. He does morning exercises every day. Yesterday…

8. She often loses things. Two days ago … .

9. She often brings flowers from the country. Last Sunday …

10. This woman sells vegetables every day. On Saturday …

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Exercise 2. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу глаголами в прошедшем времени.

Find, fall, keep, leave, meet, sell, hurt, cost, give, write, teach, put

1. We needed some money, so we …. our car. 2. They…. last Saturday as usual. 3. I…. a pet-dog when I was a boy. 4. Who …. the window open last night. 5. Mary … down the stairs this morning &…. her leg. 6. She … a dress which … a lot of money. 7. I… this box on the beach yesterday. 8. My brother … me this beautiful bag. 9. I … him on the way to the University. 10. A.Christie … many novels and stories.

Exercise 3. Ваш друг вернулся из путешествия, расспросите его о поездке. Составьте вопросы из предложенных слов.

Образец: where / go? - Where did you go?

food / good? - Was the food good?

1. how long / stay there?_____________________ ?

2. stay in a hotel? __________________________ ?

3. go alone? _______________________________?

4. how / travel? ____________________________ ?

5. the weather / fine? ________________________?

6. what / do in the evenings? __________________?

7. meet any interesting people? ________________?

Exercise 4. Раскройте скобки, используйте прошедшее время.

Образец: I didn’t go (not/go) to work yesterday because I wasn’t (not/be) very well.

1. Tom ______ (not/shave) this morning because he ______ (not/have) time.

2. We ______ (not/eat) anything because we ______ (not/be) hungry.

3. I ______ (not/rush) because I ______ (not/be) in a hurry.

4. She ______ (not/be) interested in the book because she ______ (not/understand) it.

Exercise 5. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу глаголами в прошедшем времени.

clean, die, enjoy, finish, happen, live, open, play, rain, smoke, start, stay, want, watch

1. Yesterday evening I watched television. 2. I ______ my teeth three times yesterday. 3. Bernard ______ 20 cigarettes yesterday evening. 4. The concert last night ______ at 7.30 and ______ at 10 o'clock. 5. The accident ______ last Sunday afternoon. 6. When I was a child, I ______ to be a doctor. 7. Mozart ______ from 1756 to 1791. 8. We ______ our holiday last year. We ______ at a very good hotel. 9. Today the weather is nice, but yesterday it ______ . 10. It was hot in the room, so I ______ the window. 11. The weather was good yesterday afternoon, so we ______ tennis. 12. William Shakespeare ______ in 1616.

Exercise 6. Напишите прошедшую форму глагола. Переведите на русский язык.

get _____ leave _____ buy _____ put _____

eat _____ see _____ know _____ tell _____

pay _____ go _____ stand _____ lose _____

make _____ hear _____ take _____ think _____

give _____ find _____ do _____ speak_____

Exercise 7. Закончите предложения, используя отрицательную форму глагола.

1. I saw John but I didn’t see Mary. 2. They worked on Monday but they _______ on Tuesday. 3. We went to the shop but we _______ to the bank. 4. She had a pen but she _______ any paper. 5. Jack did French at school but he _______ German.

Exercise 8. Скажите, что вы делали или не делали вчера.

1. (watch TV) I watched TV yesterday - I didn’t watch TV yesterday.

2. (get up before 7.30) __________________________________________ .

3. (have a shower) ______________________________________________ .

4. (buy a magazine) ____________________________________________ .

5. (speak English) ______________________________________________ .

6.(do an examination) ___________________________________________ .

7. (eat meat) __________________________________________________ .

8. (go to bed before 10.30) _______________________________________ .

Совершенные времена (The Perfect Tenses)

Глаголы в формах Perfect (завершенное) выражают действие завершенное, приведшее к определенному результату (или к отсутствию результата). Можно сказать, что с помощью форм Perfect мы подводим итоги определенному периоду времени, определенных действий в настоящий момент - Present Perfect , момент в прошлом - Past Perfect, либо в будущем - Future Perfect.

Настоящее совершенное время (The Present Perfect Tense)

Настоящее завершенное время образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в настоящем времени (have, has) и третьей формы смыслового глагола. В вопросительном предложении вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим. В отрицательном предложении после вспомогательного глагола ставится отрицание not.

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Вспомогательный глагол в данных конструкциях на русский язык не переводится.

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительная форма	Отрицательная форма
I have worked You have worked He has worked She has worked It has worked We have worked You have worked They have worked	Have I worked? Have you worked? Has he worked? Has she worked? Has it worked? Have we worked? Have you worked? Have they worked?	I have not worked You have not worked He has not worked She has not worked It has not worked We have not worked You have not worked They have not worked

Распознавательные элементы Present Perfect:

Действие свершилось к настоящему моменту. Результат действия на лицо. Например: I have written a letter. Я уже написал письмо. Время широко употребляется в разговорной речи со следующими словами: ever (когда-нибудь, когда-либо), never (никогда), already (уже), just (только что), lately (недавно), yet (еще), since (с какого-то момента).

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Exercise 1. Закончите предложения, используя один из подходящих по смыслу глаголов в Present Perfect: break, buy, finish, do, go, go, lose, paint, read, take

1. 'Are they still having dinner?' - 'No, they __________ ' 2. I __________ some new shoes. Do you want to see them? 3. 'Is Tom here?' - 'No, he __________ to work.' 4. ' _____ you _____ the shopping?' - 'No, I'm going to do it later.' 5. 'Where's your key?' - 'I don't know. I__________it.' 6. Look! Somebody__________that window. 7. Your house looks different _____ you _____ it? 8. I can't find my umbrella. Somebody __________ it. 9. I'm looking for Sarah. Where _____ she _____ ? 10. 'Do you want the newspaper?' - 'No, thanks. I __________ it.'

Exercise 2. Прочтите и переведите следующие предложения.

1. What's the time? - Sorry, I have left my watch at home. 2. I can't get into the room. I have lost the key (ключи). 3. It is absolutely dark in the room. Who has turned off the light? 4. I don't see my dictionary on the table. Who has taken it? - It's me. I have put it on the shelf. 5. Where are the students? - They have just left for the library. 6. My sister has always helped me with my English. 7. You have never heard about it, have you? 8. We haven't yet read about it in the newspaper. 9. He hasn't written to her yet. 10. I haven't spoken to him yet.

Exercise 3. Поставьте следующие предложения

а) в вопросительную форму б) в отрицательную форму

1. You have taken my note-book. 2. His sister has passed her examinations. 3. Her brother has entered Moscow University. 4. The children have already had breakfast. 5. The teacher has just come. 6. The students have been busy the whole day. 7. She has translated this article. 8. The delegation has returned home. 9. You have often visited this theatre. 10. They have heard much about it. 11. You have been to St Petersburg (ever).

Exercise 4. Мэри исполнилось 65 лет, ее жизнь была интересной и увлекательной, составьте предложения о Мэри, используя Present Perfect.

1. (she / do / many different jobs) __________________________________ .

2. (she / travel / to many places) She _______________________________ .

3. (she / do / a lot of interesting things) _____________________________ .

4. (she / write / ten books) _______________________________________ .

5. (she / meet / a lot of interesting people) ___________________________ .

6. (she / be / married five times) ___________________________________ .

Exercise 5. В следующих предложениях измените время глагола на Present Perfect. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. I am eating my breakfast. 2. We are drinking water. 3. He is bringing them some meat and vegetables. 4. You are putting the dishes on the table. 5. They are having tea. 6. She is taking the dirty plates from the table. 7. The children are putting on their coats. 8. The pupils are writing a dictation. 9. My friend is helping me to solve a difficult problem. 10. I am learning a poem.

Exercise 6. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect или Past Simple.

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1. We (to travel) around Europe last year. 2. My father knows so much because he (to travel) a lot. 3. I (to see) Pete today. 4. She (to see) this film last Sunday. 5. Alex (to meet) his friend two hours ago. 6. I just (to meet) our teacher. 7. The children already (to decide) what to do with the books. 8. Yesterday they (to decide) to help their grandmother. 9. Helen speaks French so well because she (to live) in France. 10. She (to live) there last year.

Exercise 7. Задайте вопросы, используя Present Perfect.

1. (you ever / be / to South America?) ______________________________ .

2. (you / read / any English books?) ________________________________ .

3. (you / live / in this town all your life?) ____________________________ .

4. (how many times / you / be / in love?) ____________________________ .

5. (what's the most beautiful country you / ever / visit?) ________________ .

6. (you ever / speak / to a famous person?) __________________________ .

7. (you / read / a newspaper recently?) ______________________________ .

Прошедшее совершенное время (The Past Perfect Tense)

Прошедшее завершенное время образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в прошедшем времени (had) и третьей формы смыслового глагола. В вопросительном предложении вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим. В отрицательном предложении после вспомогательного глагола ставится отрицание not.

Вспомогательный глагол в данных конструкциях на русский язык не переводится.

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительная форма	Отрицательная форма
I had worked You had worked He had worked She had worked We had worked You had worked They had worked	Had I worked? Had you worked? Had he worked? Had she worked? Had we worked? Had you worked? Had they worked?	I had not worked You had not worked He had not worked She had not worked We had not worked You had not worked They had not worked

Распознавательные элементы Past Perfect:

Действие свершилось к определенному моменту в прошлом. Этот момент передается обстоятельствами времени: by that time (к тому моменту), by 2 o’clock (к 2 часам), by the end of the year (к концу года).

Например: I had written the letter by 2 o’clock. Я написал письмо к 2 часам.

Употребляется также в тех случаях, когда мы хотим подчеркнуть предшествование одного действия другому. Например: He said that he had left his key at home. Он сказал, что оставил ключ дома.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Exercise 1. Вы вернулись в родной город, в котором не были много лет, и обнаружили, что многое изменилось. Закончите предложения, используя данные в скобках глаголы.

Образец: Most of my friends were no longer there. They had left (leave).

1. My best friend, Kevin, was no longer there. He _______ (go) away. 2. The local cinema was no longer open. It ______ (close) down. 3. Mr. Johnson was no longer alive. He ________ (die). 4. I didn't recognise Mrs. Johnson. She ________ (change) a lot. 5. Bill no longer had his car. He (sell) ______ it.

Exercise 2. Составьте предложения, используя данные слова.

Образец: I wasn't hungry. (I / just / have / lunch) - I had just had lunch.

1. Tom wasn't at home when I arrived, (he / just / go / out) ______________ . 2. We arrived at the cinema late. (the film / already / begin) _____________ . 3. They weren't eating when I went to see them, (they/just/finish/their dinner) _______ . 4. I invited Ann to dinner last night but she couldn't come, (she / already/arrange/to do something else) _______ . 5. I was very pleased to see Nora again after such a long time. (I / not / see /her for five years) ________ .

Exercise 3. Раскроите скобки, употребите Past Perfect (I had done) или Past Simple (I did).

Образец: 'Was Tom there when you arrived?' - 'No, he had gone (go) home.

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