Диалог №5

Stevedore. — We’ll use your heavy derrick for loading heavy lifts. What’s its safe working load?

Cargo Officer. — 10 tons. But it can stand some more load.

St. — What’s its outstretch?

С. O. — Seven metres.

St. — It will suit. Please, shift the vessel 30 metres astern. There are two heavy packages there to

be loaded on board.

С. O. — It’ll be complied.

Диалог №6

Stevedore. — You see. Mr. Mate, white planning loading we thought it would be possible to have not less than 30 bags in each lift, but when we checked the slings they appeared old and weak. Loading over 20 bags will be dangerous. I’ve sent for new ones but they won’t be here until dinner time. If you have a few spare strong slings on board the work will go much quicker, and the gang below can manage it.

Second Mate. — Yes, sure, we have. Tell your men the slings are near hold one. You may take and use them.

§ 13. DISCHARGING
Discharging is accomplished under the supervision of a ste­vedore and it is performed by dockers usually headed by a fore­man. When the ship is to be unloaded the Second Mate (Cargo officer) gives a Cargo plan and a Bill of Lading to the steve­dore. According to these documents the latter begins unloading the ship. Before commencing unloading it is necessary to top the derricks which are usually protruded over the hatches. After that the hatches should be unbattened, the tarpaulins, hatchboards and hatchbeams (if any) removed and accurately placed at the bulwark. Special care should be taken to avoid blocking up the passages. The crewmen get ready winches and cranes (if any), derricks, shackles, blocks, slings, sling hooks, chain slings, timber dogs, falls of tackle, guys.

All of these appliancies should be preliminary inspected for possible signs of wear. When the stevedore made sure that cargo gear was all right, he should arrange some wire nets, trays, pallets, wire slings, rope slings and canvas slings for unloading cargoes from the holds. The unloading operation is the process of lifting the cargo pieces from the holds and lowering them down on the quay. The number of cargo units placed either on a pallet, tray or any sling is called a draft.

Fork-lift trucks and lorries deliver cargoes to the warehouses. Sometimes the cargoes may be unloaded directly from the ship’s holds into lighters* If there are some extraweights in the holds, they may be unloaded by heavy lift cranes, heavy derricks, gan­tries or even by floating cranes. The cranes mentioned above (except floating ones) are of lifting capacity up to 10 tons. The floating cranes can handle heavy cargo pieces up to 300 tons. The condition of cargo pieces should be noted on the spot. Damaged packages, torn sacks and leaky barrels are put aside immediately.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЯ
headed by... – под руководством, во главе с ...

Bill of Lading – коносамент

Second Mate (Cargo officer) – второй помощник (грузовой noмощник)­

special care – особое внимание

falls of tackle – лопаря талей

to make sure – убедиться

mentioned above – упомянутый выше

on the spot – на месте
СЛОВА, ПОДЛЕЖАЩИЕ АКТИВНОМУ УСВОЕНИЮ
to accomplish according to, to observe, to avoid, to block up, bulwark, shackle, sling hooks, chain sling, to sling (slung, slung), timber dog, falls of tackle, to wear (wore, worn), cargo gear, tray, to lift, to lower, fork-lift truck.
УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
I. Образуйте прилагательные с отрицательным значением при помощи префикса -un. Пе-

реведите их на русский язык:

desirable, usual, load, battened, tied, tight, safe, rolled
II. Образуйте словосочетания и переведите их на русский язык:

---

canvas wire chain rope

sling

III. Переведите и выучите следующие предложения:

The stevedore made sure that

cargo gear was all right. the winches and cranes were ready. all the appliances were preliminary inspected. the hatches were unbattened. the tarpaulins are removed. the hatchboards are placed to the bulwark.

IV. Подберите определения из правой колонки к группам слов в левой колонке:

winches, cranes, derricks tarpaulins, hatchboards, hatchbeams some cargo pieces placed on a pallet, tray or sling broken packages, torn sacks, leaking barrels fork-lift trucks, lorries, electric cars

I. coverings II. intra-port transport facilities III. cargo lifting appliances IV. a draft V. damaged cargo pieces

V. Добавьте к двум словам третье того же корня. Переведите на русский язык:

to apply, application, ... clearance, clearly, ... leak, leakage, ... stable, to stabilize,... to supervise, supervision, ..

clear, leaky, stability, supervisor, appliance

VI. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным членам предложения:

1. 
   The dockers usually work under the supervision of foreman, (who)
   
2. 
   The stevedore got Bills of Lading an hour ago. (when)
   
3. 
   He began loading according to the Cargo plan. (who)
   
4. 
   The crewmen got ready the winches and derricks. (what)
   
5. 
   He wants to inspect the heavy derricks himself. (what)
   
6. 
   They arrange some nets, trays and different slings for discharging every day. (how often)
   
7. 
   The dockers stowed some units of cargo on a pallet. (where)
   
8. 
   Fork-lift trucks and lorries deliver cargo pieces from ware­houses to the quay. (where ... from)
   
9. 
   The floating cranes handle heavy cargo pieces (extra- weights) up to 300 tons. (what pieces)
   

VII. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. 
   Who supervised discharging?
   
2. 
   According to what documents does the stevedore begin discharging (unloading)?
   
3. 
   Who unbattens the hatches?
   
4. 
   What do the crewmen get ready before discharging?
   
5. 
   By whom are all cargo-lifting appliances inspected?
   
6. 
   What are all cargo-lifting appliances inspected for?
   
7. 
   What machinery is used for handling heavy weights (extra­weights?
   
8. 
   What’s the maximum weight of one cargo piece that can be handled by a floating crane?
   
9. 
   What does a stevedore do with damaged pieces of cargo?
   

---

VIII. Прочитайте, переведите диалоги. Выучите выделенные специальные выра-

жения:

Диалог № 1

I’d like = I should like – мне хотелось бы

How may holds are to be unloaded simultaneously? – Сколько трюмов должно разгру-

жаться одновременно?

to get ready – подготовить

to take part – принять участие

unloading operations – работы по выгрузке

Let me see – разрешите мне посмотреть

to fill away – зд. выходить из люков (о грузе)

six gangs will be enough – 6 бригад будет достаточно

to be in charge – возглавлять

In my absence – в мое отсутствие

The foreman takes my place – бригадир замещает меня

If you have any trouble – если у вас возникнут какие-нибудь

затруднения

to apply to – обратиться к

______________________
Second Officer. — How do you do?

Stevedore. — How do you do? I should like to know how many holds are to be unloaded simul-

taneously?

S. O. — Our men will get ready five hatches. How many gangs will take part in the unloading

operations?

St. — Let me see the cargo plan, please. I’d like to see how the cargo is filled away. I think if we

use six gangs it’ll be enough. Four gangs will be working in holds No 1, 2, 3 and 5, one in

each, and two gangs in hold No 4.

S. 0. — Fine. Who will be in charge of the unloading?

St. — In my absence it’s usually the foreman that takes my place. So if you have any trouble or

any question you can apply to him, he’ll be working as a guyman at the first hold.

S. O. — Very well.

Диалог № 2

What about the tallymen? – Как насчет тальманов?

You have to remember – Вам надо запомнить

Take into consideration – Учтите; примите во внимание

claims must be placed – претензии должны быть предъ­явлены

... well enough to understand – ... достаточно хорошо, чтобы понять

in case anything happens ... – в случае, если что-нибудь слу­чится

through careless handling – из-за небрежного обращения

let me know – дайте мне знать, сообщите мне

I’ll take the steps that I con­sider necessary – Я приму меры, которые сочту необходимыми

We shall need only five cranes – Нам потребуется только пять кранов

on the sea side – со стороны моря

______________________
Stevedore. — Second officer, what about the tallymen?

Sec. Off. — As usual. Each hold will have a tallyman.

St. — You have to remember that it will be two gangs work­ing at hold No 4. One gang will be

unloading the cargo into the quay and the other gang will be unloading it on the side into

the lighter.

S. 0. — Please, take into consideration that all claims about the condition and the packing of the

cargo must be placed on board the ship and not when the cargo has been discharged from

the ship.

St. — We know that.

Диалог №3

St. — Do your tallymen know English?

---

S. O. — Well, I think they know it well enough to understand your tallymen. By the way, do you

know that your Stevedore Company will be responsible in case anything happens to the

cargo or if the packing is damaged through careless handling?

St. — I do. If your tallymen report, that the dockers handle the cargo without proper care just let

me know and I’ll take the steps that I consider necessary. Any questions more?

S. O. — No, thanks.

St. — Well. So be ready to start unloading at 2 p.m.

S. O. — Good. Will you unload with the ship’s derricks or the shore cranes?

St. — Suppose, we shall need only five cranes for unloading, not more. Derricks must be ready

for work only on the sea side by hold No 4. If any changes follow, either the foreman or I

will let you know about them immediately.

---

§ 14. STOWAGE
Stowage means the handling and placing goods either in ship’s holds or on her deck. The method of stowage must best ensure the following:

1. 
   The preservation of crew and ship from danger of injury arising from the manner in which the cargo is stowed.
   
2. 
   To protect the cargo from damage, loss or deterioration and so ensure “sound delivery” of same.
   
3. 
   The economy of cargo space that depends on the vessel’s earning capacity.
   
4. 
   The highest possible rate of port speed, i e. the rate at which the vessel is capable to load or discharge her cargo.
   

A plan showing the disposition of cargo throughout the ship should be drawn up in all cases. It is called the stowage plan.

The stowage plan should be drawn up carefully. It will make the distribution of cargo pieces in the holds easier and moreover, it will help to avoid cargo claims. When loading for more than one port, a different colour should be used to indicate the cargo for each separate port. While stowing the cargo the stevedore and the cargo officer should ensure the ship’s stability and sea­worthiness.

Cargo must be so stowed and fastened that it will not shift if the vessel rolls and pitches during a storm. A reliable fastening the cargo prevents possible damage from chafing, breaking, and crushing.

Special attention should be paid to the stowage of barrels. For this kind of cargo bottom stowage is preferable in order that leakage may find access to the bilges without risk of damage to other cargo.

The like stowage is recommended for the casks of cement. The casks in which cement is carried are not so strongly built as barrels which contain liquids, this is why special care should be taken to prevent their crushing. The stevedores and ship’s cargo officials use such the term as "broken stowage”. The term “broken stowage” is used to express space which is lost and unoccupied by cargo between and around packages; space occupied by dun­nage; space at sides, ends and on top of cargo, also in way of pillars, bulkheads, stiffeners, etc.

This loss of space varies according to the nature of the cargo carried. With free flowing goods like grain, sand, etc, provided they are properly trimmed, the loss is small. With bag cargo and handy cases of uniform dimensions, such as tea packages, case oil, canned goods, very full stowage is possible.

On the other hand, irregularly shaped packages, varying in size and form, large packages, such as machinery, boilers, large reels of cable and motor cars, cylindrical containers, etc., the loss of space is very high, and it sometimes reaches 25 per cent.

The loss of valuable cargo space can be avoided by:

1. 
   Compactness of stowage.
   
2. 
   Selecting packages which by their sizes and form, are sui­table for filling broken stowage.
   
3. 
   Always keeping a supply of such packages specially shipped for this purpose, close and ready at hand in the holds, for use when wanted.
   
4. 
   Special selecting the cargo suitable for filling beam spaces.
   

ПРИМЕЧАНИЯ
danger of injury – опасность ранения

to arise from – возникать из-за

to draw up a cargo plan – составить грузовой план

broken stowage – неиспользованное пространство трюма

according to the nature of …– в соответствии с характером (груза)

earning capacity – зд. эксплуатационные возможности

handy cases – удобные для укладки ящики

irregularly shaped – неправильной формы

varying in size – разные по размеру

to fill broken stowage – заполнить свободное пространство

close and ready at hand – зд. под рукой

beam spaces – пространство между бимсами

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