Файл: Учебное пособие для студентов университетов Нижний Новгород 2014 Жолобов С. И.docx
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solemn / sacred promise торжественное обещание, клятва
vague promise (about sth) неопределенное / расплывчатое / туманноеобещание:Thepoliticiansmadevaguepromisesaboutindependence.
empty / false / hollow promise пустое / фальшивоеобещание, пустыеслова:We don't want any more empty / false / hollow promises from the government.
rash promise опрометчивое / поспешное / безрассудноеобещание:He made all sorts of rash promises about economic growth.
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pledge [countable] (formal) a serious and firm promise that is made publicly and officially (публичное) обещание;клятва;обязательство:The government ignored its pledges to hold democratic elections / to make no deals with terrorists.
pledge on sth:They comprise pledges on national standards and a new set of promises specifically geared to the local area.
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promise | pledge COLLOCATIONS
promise / pledge of sth (from sb): a promise of help / support (from sb) | Sunday's vote was a test of the new president's pledge of fair elections.
to give (sb) / make a promise (to sb) давать / делатьобещание:As a leader in the Senate, you make progress by making promises others can count on.
to give (sb) / make / take a pledge давать / делатьобещание:All the candidates have given / made pledges not to raise taxes if they are elected. | Dole refuses to take a pledge to keep the party pro-life.
to keep / fulfil / carry out / deliver (on) / live up to / honour / be true to a promise / pledge выполнить / сдержатьобещание, сдержатьслово:The rebels failed to keep a promise / pledge to release the two men. |Eisenhower fulfilled / carried out his election pledge to end the war in Korea. | He failed to deliver (on) his key election / campaign promises / pledges. | The country will be forced to live up to the promise / pledge of democracy. | The King was not called upon to honour his promise / pledge.
to break / go back on / renege on / backtrack on / backpedal on a promise / pledge невыполнить / несдержать / нарушитьобещание, несдержатьслово:The army broke its promise / pledge to return the country to civilian rule. | Any pause in progress towards the objective is a matter of going back on electoral promises / pledges. | The government reneged on its promise / pledge to ensure full employment. | The President is backtracking / backpedalling on some of his election promises.
election / electoral / campaign promise / pledge предвыборноеобещание: They have made some studies of specific election / electoral pledges and their fulfilment by governments. | Scottmadeacampaignpromisenottoraisetaxes.
broken promise / pledge нарушенноеобещание:
the party's broken election promises / pledges
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commitment (to sth) [countable] a promise to do something обязательство; приверженностьчему-л.; обязанность: The peace talks ended with smiles and handshakes, but no commitment. | His adviser expressed America's commitment to economic development.
to make / give a commitment (to sth) братьнасебяобязательство, связатьсебяобязательством: They made a commitment to peace. | But the environment minister could not give any firm commitment to further government funds.
to have a commitment (to sth) иметьобязательство:The governor has a strong commitment to equal pay and opportunities / creating jobs in the state.
to honour / fulfil / meet a commitment (to sb / sth) выполнятьобязательство:The Government will continue to honour its commitment to pensioners.
to reaffirm one's commitment (to sth) (повторно / вновь) подтвердитьобязательство:He insisted that he had acted within the Constitution and reaffirmed his commitment to multiparty democracy.
5. Influencing voters
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to influence [transitive] to affect the way someone or something develops, behaves, thinks etc without directly forcing or ordering them влиять, воздействовать, оказыватьвлияние
to influence sb (to do sth): Judges should not be influenced by political motives. | Their purpose is to influence government to adopt policies favourable to them.
to influence sth: to influence (the outcome of) elections / political actions / policy / strategy | to influence one's beliefs / opinions / views / attitudes / tastes / preferences / culture / behaviour / development / decisions / public opinion | How does the media influence elections? | There are many aspects of the environment that might influence political beliefs and actions.
to influence sb / sth deeply / greatly / heavily / profoundly / significantly / strongly:Both societies are deeply influenced by their history and by their perception of that history. | Education has been heavily influenced by colonialism.
to seek / try / strive to influence sb / sth: The politicians sought to influence voters / their electorate (in their choice of candidate) in the general election. | Different groups form to try to influence decisions concerning these issues.
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to shape [transitive] to influence something such as a belief, opinion, policy, someone's character etc and make it develop in a particular way формировать, придаватьформу:to shape one's beliefs / opinions / views / attitudes / tastes / preferences / culture / behaviour / development / policy / strategy / public opinion | People's political beliefs are often shaped by what they read in the newspapers. | He was very influential in shaping the government's economic policy / strategy. | The public policy of the USA is shaped with a view to the benefit of the nation as a whole. -
to instil | to implant | to inculcate (formal) [transitive] to put a feeling, idea or principle gradually into someone's mind, so that it has a strong influence on the way they think or behave; to strongly fix ideas, feelings or opinions in someone else's mind so that they influence their character or behaviour (исподволь) внушать; вселять; внедрять; прививать; насаждать
to instil / implant / inculcate confidence / enthusiasm / fear / discipline / ideas / beliefs / attitudes (in / into sb):They attempt to instil fear in / into people and discourage freedom of thought. | He had a deep sense of patriotism that had been implanted in / into him by his father. | She tries very hard to inculcate traditional values in / into her students.
to instil / inculcate sb with sth: It is easy to instil the minds of young children with fixed ideas, whether right or wrong. | Schools inculcate children with patriotic ideas from an early age.
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to indoctrinate | to brainwash [transitive] to force someone to accept a set of political or religious beliefs by repeating the same idea many times so that the person cannot think in an independent way внушать; внедрять; насаждать; промыватьмозги, подвергать (идеологической) обработке
to indoctrinate / brainwash sb (to do sth / into doing sth): People were indoctrinated not to question their leaders. | Citizens were indoctrinated into believing that their leader was the source of all wisdom and goodness. | The government is trying to brainwash them into thinking that war is necessary. | We were brainwashed to believe we were all equal.
to indoctrinate sb (with sth / in sth): It is too easy for any State or Church to indoctrinate young children with the views that it considers correct. | Some parents were critical of attempts to indoctrinate children in green ideology.
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to sway [transitive] to influence someone so that they change their opinion повлиять, склонять (кого-л. кчему-л.); иметьвлияние
to sway sb: He made a speech that swayed the voters.
to sway one's opinion / public opinion: Others said they have already decided who will get their vote, and the vice presidential selection will not sway their opinion. | These arguments swayed public opinion.
to sway sb into doing sth: Her speech failed to sway the voters into supporting her plan.
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to swing (1) [intransitive] to shift if people or their opinions, ideas, attitudes, feelings or emotions swing, they change quickly to the opposite of what they were (резко) меняться / колебаться
to swing (away from sb / in sb's favour / the other way):At the next general election the voters can swing again. | The mood amongst Tory MPs seems to be swinging away from their leader. | Public opinion began to swing in their favour / the other way.
to swing from sth to sth / between sth and sth:His opinions would often swing from one extreme to the other. | Forecasts about the course of democracy tend to swing from optimism to despair.
to shift: shifting attitudes towards marriage | Public attitudes towards marriage have shifted over the past 50 years.
to shift (away) from sb / sth (to / towards sb / sth): The balance of power shifted away from workers towards employers.
to shift (to / towards sth): Public opinion was beginning to shift to the right. | Public opinion had shifted sharply to the left following the war. | Her sympathies gradually shifted to the side of the protesters.
(2) [transitive] to influence or win over; to manage or arrange successfully; to bring around to the desired result (резко) изменить / повлиять; победить, добиться
победы
to swing sth away from sb:This latest scandal could swing popular support away from them.
to swing the vote / votes (in sb's favour) (резко) изменить / повлиятьнаполитическиепредпочтения / симпатииизбирателей:Recent events swung the vote in our favour. | Docampaigngiftsswingvotes? | She should be able to swing a significant number of women's votes.
to swing an election (in sb's favour) успешнопровестивыборы, добитьсяуспеха / победитьнавыборах:Herlastspeechswungtheelectioninherfavour.
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to disabuse [transitive] (formal) to make someone realize that they were wrong to believe something разубедить; выводитьиззаблуждения; освобождатьотиллюзий: to disabuse sb of an idea / notion / belief / impression / illusion | The government did nothing to disabuse the public of this impression. -
influence [uncountable; countable] the effect that a person or thing has on someone's decisions, opinions, or behaviour or on the way something happens влияние, воздействие
influence on / over sb / sth:We turn now to influences on attitudes and votes. | The presidency gave him unusual influence over the profession.
to have / exercise / exert / wield influence (on / over sb / sth) влиять, оказывать / иметьвлияние:He has a huge amount of influence on / over the city council. | He denies exercising / exerting any political influence over them. | The president's wife wields enormous influence within the party.
to use one's influence (with sb // to do sth // for sth) использоватьсвоевлияние: They used their influence with opposition leaders, cautioning them against agitating for further violence. | He tried to use his influence to put pressure on the voters. | The government should continue to use its influence for the release of all hostages.
to increase / consolidate / strengthen one's influence укреплять / усиливатьсвоевлияние: Britain tries to increase its influence by placing its representatives in key posts, but all member states do that.
to diminish one's influence ослаблять / уменьшатьчье-л. влияние: But this did not diminish their influence and importance. | His political influence was significantly diminished.
to neutralize / counteract / curb sb's influence нейтрализоватьчье-л. влияние: Recent events have done much to neutralize the influence of the right-wing.
to gain / buy (sb) influence получить / завоеватьвлияние: His wealth can buy him political influence.
to be // come / fall under sb's influence / under the influence of sb / sth находитьсяподчьим-л. влиянием