to campaign / canvass for / on behalf of sb // for sth:I wish to thank all my helpers who have campaigned for / on behalf of me / our party during the past few months. | I have to thank all my helpers who canvassed for me and helped me to win this election. | He is canvassing for the Conservative candidate. | He spent the rest of May canvassing for votes.

to canvass sb / sth:We'll have to canvass voters / the entire area before the election / referendum. | The USA is canvassing support from other Asian states.

2. 
   to campaign | to crusade | to agitate [intransitive] to try to achieve political or social change by persuading other people or the government to do something проводитькампанию / участвоватьвкампаниизачто-л. / противчего-л., боротьсязачто-л. / противчего-л., агитировать (зачто-л. / противчего-л.)
   

to campaign / crusade / agitate for (doing) sth: Women campaigned / crusaded for equal pay and equal rights throughout the 1960s. | More people are agitating for social change / social justice / better conditions.

to campaign / crusade / agitate against (doing) sth: She campaigned / crusaded against sex and violence on television. | He agitated against the Vietnam war.

to campaign / crusade to do sth:The liberals campaigned / crusaded to expand the power of government / to change the law.

1. 
   to contest | to fight (formal) [transitive] to compete for something or to try to win it боротьсянавыборах/ заместо (впарламенте)
   

to contest / fight an election (campaign) участвоватьввыборах; боротьсянавыборах:A total of 406 candidates contested the election and a 72 percent turnout was registered. | He unsuccessfully fought the next three elections.

to contest / fight a seat (on a council / in parliament) боротьсязаместо (впарламенте):His wife is contesting a seat on the council. | He subsequently fought and held his parliamentary seat against his former party.

contested election / seat выборы, в которых участвуют несколько кандидатов; напряженные выборы; место, за которое борются несколько кандидатов:Noonethereexpectedacontestedelection. | The opposition party won 392 of 485 contested seats.

2. 
   agitation [uncountable; countable] a public argument or action for social or political change агитация, агитационнаякампания
   

agitation for / against sth:mass agitation for / against political reform / social reform / civil rights / political rights / greater democracy

to carry on (an) agitation:Small shopkeepers carried on a long agitation against the big department stores.

3. 
   electioneering [uncountable] things that candidates or political parties say and do in order to persuade people to vote for them in an election, often things that do not seem sincere or fair предвыборнаяагитация / кампания: genuine / crude electioneering | Modern electioneering is sophisticated and highly organized. | The second example of electioneering is aimed at youthful voters. | Critics have dismissed his visit to a shelter for the homeless as an obvious piece of electioneering.
   
4. 
   the hustings [plural] the political meetings, speeches, etc. that take place in the period before an election предвыборнаяагитация / кампания
   

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on / at the hustings: Most candidates will be out on the hustings this week. | The senator is usually at his best on the hustings. | But it is unlikely to happen at the hustings or in the run-up to the election. | With only days to go before elections in Pakistan, candidates are battling it out at the hustings.

5. 
   the run-up / lead-up to sth the period of time just before an important event; the preparation for this преддверие; подготовительныйпериод; подготовительнаяработа: the lead-up to the elections | When a canvasser called during the election run-up, he decided to rejoin. | The prime minister's spin doctors paid great attention to women's magazines during the run-up to the poll. | The company believes the products will sell well in the run-up to Christmas. | Everyone is very busy during the run-up to publication.
   

in / during the run-up / lead-up to the election впреддвериивыборов:The issue of the monarchy is complicating politics in the run-up to the elections. | In the run-up to the November 1992 presidential elections, education was seen as a key issue. | The three are fighting over control of the provincial assemblies, which will be important in the run-up to the election. | In the lead-up to a presidential election, most parties who are fielding nominees will hold a nominating convention.

6. 
   (election / electoral) campaign [countable] a series of actions that a politician or political party does to try to win an election выборная / предвыборная / избирательнаякампания:The endless public appearances are an inevitable part of an election campaign. | In all more than 1,000 people were arrested during the electoral campaign.
   

active / vigorous / whirlwind campaign активная / бурная (избирательная) кампания

feeble / weak campaign пассивная (избирательная) кампания

national / nationwide campaign общенациональнаякампания

to plan a campaign планировать / готовитькампанию:Richards and his team have already started planning his campaign for election as party leader.

to launch / mount / organize / start a campaign начать / открыть / развернуть / организоватькампанию:Republicans accused the Democrats of launching a smear campaign. | The Labour Party mounted a smear campaign against Livingstone before the election.

to conduct / fight / run / wage / carry on a campaign проводитькампанию:The prime minister is conducting an impressive campaign. | Mr Kinnock fought a good campaign. | Jesse Jackson ran a quixotic campaign against Michael Dukakis in 1988. | Buchanan has waged a vigorous Arizona campaign.

the campaign gets off to a good // bad start кампанияначинаетсяхорошо // плохо

the campaign fizzles out the campaign gradually comes to a stop, especially because people have become less interested кампаниятерпитнеудачу / проваливается / сходитнанет

presidential campaign | campaign for president / the presidency избирательная

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кампанияповыборампрезидента:He ran a lacklustre campaign for president in the 1992 primaries.

7. 
   race [countable; usually singular] a situation in which one group of people competes with another, especially for political power избирательнаякампания; борьба, конкуренция; гонка, погоня
   

a race with / between sb

a race for sth / to do sth: Polls give him the edge over his Democratic rival in the race for the presidency.

to enter / join a race включитьсявборьбу / гонку:Another candidate has now entered the presidential race / the race for the White House.

to be in / be involved in a race участвоватьвборьбе / гонке:He is no longer in the race for the presidency. | The only serious contender left in the presidential race is Guei himself.

to lead a race | to be ahead in a race лидироватьвгонке, возглавлятьгонку: Two right-wing candidates lead the presidential race.

to lag behind / be left behind in a race отставатьвгонке: He is lagging behind in the race for the presidency.

to win // lose a race побеждать // проигрыватьвборьбе / гонке: Who will win the race for the White House? | He lost the presidential race / the race for district attorney.

to drop out of / get out of / pull out of / quit / withdraw from a race прекратитьборьбу / гонку, выйтиизборьбы:He dropped out of / quit the presidential race on Friday. | Lamar Alexander dropped out of the presidential race Wednesday. | Gramm is the third candidate to quit the presidential race.

a presidential / congressional / gubernatorial / Senate race:To climb back into the presidential race, he must get abortion off the agenda. | The cost of the presidential and congressional races may top $ 1. 6 billion.

8. 
   to be in the running (for sth) to have some hope of winning a race or competition иметьшансынауспех / выигрыш
   

to be out of the running (for sth) to have no hope of winning a race or competition неиметьшансовнауспех / выигрыш; выйтиизигры

9. 
   smear / dirty tricks / dirty / negative / whispering / hate campaign (by sb / against sb) [countable] a deliberate plan to tell untrue stories about someone, especially a politician, in order to make people lose respect for them грязная (избирательная) кампания:He puts all the accusations down to a vicious smear / dirty tricks campaign by his political opponents / against the party leadership. | Bush will make this the dirtiest presidential campaign ever fought. | It was the Cloggy episode which started the whispering campaign. | The hate campaign began again, including obscene phone calls.
   
10. 
    spin [singular; uncountable] (informal) a way of providing information that makes it seem to be favourable for a particular person or political party; a particular viewpoint or bias, especially in the media выгодныйуголзрения,выгодноеосвещениекакого-л. события:We would like to see more realistic policies and less Labour Party spin.
    

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to put a spin on sth: They tried to put a favourable / positive spin on the news coverage of the controversial speech. | This report puts a different spin on the issue / economic figures / sales figures.

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to give sth a spin | to give a spin to sth:The New York Times gave a wholly improper political spin to the report.

11. 
    spin doctor / master [countable] (informal) someone whose job is to give information to the public in a way that gives the best possible advantage to a politician or organization; someone whose job is to make ideas, events, etc seem better than they really are, especially in politics политтехнолог; экспертпосвязямсобщественностью:The election was won despite the spin doctors. | The party spin doctors would like us to believe that the government is committed to improving the environment. | There are those who are preparing to divide us, the spin masters and negative ad peddlers.
    
12. 
    to spin [transitive] to present information or a situation in a particular way, especially one that makes you or your ideas seem good подаватьинформациюпредвзято; раскручивать, пиарить: The administration is relentlessly spinning the war. | An aide was already spinning the senator's defeat as ‘almost as good as an outright win’. | Supporters attempted to spin the bill's defeat to their advantage.
    
13. 
    to promise [intransitive; transitive] to tell someone that you will definitely do or provide something or that something will happen обещать, даватьобещание
    

to promise to do sth: The government promised to increase public expenditure, to cut taxes and to balance the budget.

to promise sb sth | to promise sth (to sb): The great powers promised them an independent state. | The Conservative Party promised higher standards in education. | Relief organizations are promising aid to the country.

to promise (sb) that…: The government promised that they would reduce taxes / that the rich would no longer get preferential treatment.

14. 
    to pledge [transitive] to make an official and public promise that you will do something даватьторжественноеобещание; заверять, обещать, клясться;связыватьсебяобещанием / клятвой
    

to pledge to do sth: The government pledged to reduce crime / end the fighting.

to pledge sth (to sb / for sth): The USA has pledged aid to the country. | Britain has pledged £1.3 million to the UN for refugee work.

to pledge (one's) support / loyalty / solidarity / cooperation / allegiance (to sb / for sth): We are asking people to pledge their support for our campaign. | Should new citizens of Canada pledge allegiance to the queen of Great Britain?

to pledge that…: The president has pledged that inflation will continue to fall and the economy will continue to grow.

15. 
    to commit oneself (to sth / to doing / to do sth) | to commit to sth / doing sth | to pledge oneself to do sth / to sth to agree or promise to do something important брать / приниматьнасебяобязательство, связыватьсебяобязательством:You don't have to commit yourself at this stage. | The government must commit itself to improving health care. | Both sides committed themselves to settle the dispute peacefully. | Once we have committed to this course of action there is no going back. | They have pledged themselves to root out state corruption.
    
16. 
    to commit sb to sth / doing sth | to pledge sb to sth / to do sth [transitive] to make someone agree or promise to do something обязать, налагатьобязательства:The speech did not commit the rebels to a ceasefire. | He clearly committed his government to continuing down the path of economic reform. | The treaties renounce the use of force and pledge the two countries to co-operation.
    
17. 
    (to be / remain) committed to sth / doing sth having promised to be involved in a course of action приверженныйчему-л.:The government was committed to further reductions in defence spending. | We are committed to withdrawing our troops by the end of the year.
    
18. 
    promise [countable] a statement that you will definitely do or provide something or that something will definitely happen обещание
    

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