U n it 3
1 |
a=ii; b=i |
4 a=ii; b=i |
7 a=i; b=ii |
10 a=i; b=ii |
13 |
a=i; b=ii |
16 |
a=ii; b=i |
2 a=i; b=ii |
5 a=i; b=ii |
8 a=i; b=ii |
11 a=ii; b=i |
14 a=i; b=ii |
17 a=ii; b=i |
3 |
a=ii; b=i |
6 a=ii; b=i |
9 a=ii; b=i |
12 a=i; b=ii |
15 |
a=i; b=ii |
18 |
a=ii; b=i |
1 tortuous |
5 |
subterranean |
9 debutante |
2 methylated spirits |
6 |
decompression chamber |
10 |
repetitive strain injury |
3 flabbergasted |
7 |
pistachio |
11 |
rotisserie |
4 symbiQsis |
8 |
glitterati |
12 idiolect |
Follow-up
Beauchamp l'bi:tJ mI McFadzean Im k'f<edi nl
Mousehole l'mauz V (Note that means that the vowel I I might be left out. )
Towcester I't ust rl (Note that r means that a Irl sound may be added if the next word begins with a vowel.)
isogloss l'aIs uglDSI (isogloss is a line on a map giving information about dialects)
ozokerite I u'z uk ntl (ozokerite is a mineral. Note that means that the vowel I I might be left out.)
U n it 4
These words have the same pronunciation in British and American English:
belligerent (/b 'hd3 r nt/), continuum (lbn'tmju mI), precinct (I'pri:sIlJkt/), sepia (I'si:pi /).
These words have different pronunciations in British and American English:
charade (lJ 'ro:dI (Br); IJ 'reldI (US)), felafel (lf 'l<ef V (Br); If 'lo:f V (US)), vitamin (I'vlt mml
(Br); l'vaIt mml (US)), wrath (lrnSI (Br); lro:SI (US)).
Follow up
Here are some example search results:
Key search words 'pronunciation guide stars': http://www.earthsky.orgiskywatchingipronunciation.php (North American pronunciation) Key search words 'pronunciation guide fashion': http://fashion.about.comlcs/designers/Vblpronounce.htm
Key search words 'pronunciation guide geography': http://www.brookscole.comlearthscience_dltemplates/studencresources/OO30339669_salterlge02_ pronunciationlgeoApp2.html# (North American pronunciation)
U n it 5
Slow speech is more likely in situations 1 , 3 and 4.
(Australia) |
1 |
I didn't know whether they were leaving or not. |
(South Africa) |
2 |
She said she'd never seen anything like it before. |
|
3 |
They don't seem to be getting on too well. |
(Australia) |
4 |
As long as you don't mind us coming in late. |
(South Africa) |
5 |
We should be able to get there in a couple of hours. |
English Pronunciation in Use (Advanced) |
1 47 |
5.3(Speaker C = Canada)
A:So why did you go for Jensensll to supply the machines//
B:WelVl at the time// I thought they were the best available//
c:And we've done business with them beforell
A:But that was years ago//
B:Yes// but the management hasn't changed at all!/
c: And they've still got a pretty good reputation//
A:But you now feeVl that the product isn't up to scratch//
B:No// they've been pretty poor// to be honest//
A:So you think// we ought to be looking for a different supplier//
B:Yes// I doll And for compensation from Jensens//
c:Shall I contact the lawyers about it//
A:Yes, please// We'll leave that to you//
5.4 |
1 |
// but that was years ago// |
2 |
// but the management hasn't changed at all!/ |
3 |
// to be honest// |
|
4 |
// we ought to be looking for a different supplier// |
|
5 |
// we'll leave that to you// |
Unit 6
&Remember that in Section C you can find detailed description and additional practice of the pronunciation features of fast speech introduced in Units 5 and 6.
6. 1 |
together pronounced 'zee' lzi:1 |
pronounced Ij;}1 |
|
|
1 |
Has |
\ he |
been |
to |
see |
y u |
since |
Saturday? |
|
|
|
-- |
|
|
|
---- |
|
|
pronounced 'bin' /bml |
|
|
together pronounced 'sinsaturday'; |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
the two Isl sounds are merged |
|
|
pronounced 'aster' lo:st;}/; |
|
|
Id! is mis ItI is pronounced as a glottal stop /?I |
|
/k/ and /hi are missed out |
ItI is missed out |
2 |
I |
asked |
er |
for |
the |
best |
tickets |
they'd |
gm/"left. |
|
|
|
|
together pronounced 'jer' Id3;}1 |
|
|
ItI is pronounced as a glottal stop /?I |
3 Do /you |
mind |
moving |
along |
a |
blt? |
|
ether pronounced 'mymoving'; Id! is missed out, 1nl pronounced like Imf, and the two Imf sounds then merged
neglec fter
6.2 1 A: Rick doesn't take one bit of interest. He neglects her .
sounes |
together pronounced 'zee' lzi:1 |
A: That sounds terrible. Why does he do that?
B: Maybe he's jealous because she's doing so well.
48 |
English Pronunciation in Use (Advanced) |
together pronounced Id3;}1 ¥o'fto'S
2 A: Do you know who's coming?
elKepf
B: Everyone except Cathy.
'11
A: What time will they be here?
ftbout
B: About six.
I;}I Ij;}1 |
If;}r/; a Irl sound is added before the vowel |
3 A: Are you coming out for a walk?
'11 jus ItI is pronounced like Ipl before ImI
B: Okay. I'll just get r;;y -coat.
together pronounced Irend3;}1 together pronounced Ini:d3;}1
|
|
your |
hat. And you'll need your gloves, too. |
|
A: And/ |
/ |
|
|
|
together |
pronounced l;}nd3;}1/ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(United States) |
|
|
|
1U n(aitpiece7 |
of thin cord) string |
6 |
(a feeling when you have been hurt) pain |
2 |
(a woman who rules a country) queen |
7 |
(to drink a small amount) sip |
3 |
(an injury to a muscle) strain |
8 |
(done with great speed) quick |
4 |
(a country in southern Europe) Spain |
9 |
(to make someone frightened) scare |
5 |
(a poor area in a city) slum |
10 |
(a hard transparent material) glass |
(Canada)
1(grow) to increase in size 2 (quake) to shake with fear
3 (swim) to move through water
4 (store) another word for shop
5 (spit) watery liquid in your mouth
6 (pay) to give money for something
7 (flame) burning gas
8 (pure) not mixed
1Just cross the road.
2 The cat was following its trail.
3 Before that I had to ride a motorbike.
4 It's Michael's twin.
(NOT glow) (NOT cake) (NOT slim)
(NOT straw) (NOT split) (NOT play) (NOT frame) (NOT poor)
5 He fell into a deeper sleep.
6 I thought it was a terrible sight.
7 Just below your nose.
8 This one is a pear.
English Pronunciation in Use (Advanced)
U n it 8
1Number of final consonant sounds
|
1 final consonant sound |
catch /tf/ |
ears /z/ earth /9/ |
ledge /d3/ |
|
2 final consonant sounds |
axe /ks/ |
laughed /ft/ |
touched /tft/ |
|
3 final consonant sounds |
accents /nts/ |
against /nst/ |
aspects /kts/ diamonds /ndz/ |
|
|
|
grasped /spt/ |
next /kst/ |
risked /skt/ stamps /mps/ |
|
4 final consonant sounds |
attempts /mpts/ |
contexts /ksts/ |
sculpts /lpts/ tempts /mpts/ |
1 |
next (no simplification) |
|
|
5 |
aspects f |
|
|
2 accents |
f |
|
|
6 diamonds a |
|
|
3 |
stamps |
(no simplification) |
|
7 context (no simplification) |
4 against (no simplification) |
|
8 grasped (no simplification) |
(Australia) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
paint |
2 designers |
3 faster |
4 trains |
5 |
ridged |
6 exports |
The police think the roads on the south coast will be packed when the seventh Felton Pop Festival begins next weekend. Last year more than 1 0,000 pop fans packed into the field where the festival was held. There is simple accommodation on a nearby farm, but most people will camp in small tents.
Follow-up
English has longer consonant clusters and a wider range of possible combinations of consonants in word-final clusters than many other languages. For example, in Greek, words that end in more than one consonant sound are rare apart from words borrowed from other languages. In Greek, the most common word-final consonant sound is Isl and less frequently 1nl.
U n it 9
1When I started playing badminton, I was sixty and I hadn't done any strenuous (I'streniu;:ls/)
exercise (I'eks;:lsmz/) for almost twenty years. But after just a few months I'd won the over-fifties national cha.!IlJ2ionship and an international cO.!IlJ2etition. My husband thinks I'm crazy and that I'll iniure myself. But I've found a number of advantages in taking up a sport. I feel much healthier, and it's i.!IlJ2ortant to be acrive at my age. And meeting new people has improved my social life. So I'll carry on playing until I get too old.
9.2 |
1 II she's a freelance translator/I |
(no simplification) |
|
2 |
II the president spoke next/I |
(ItI is shortened) |
|
3 |
II she wore a silk dressll |
(Ik/ is shortened) |
|
4 II it looked green to mell |
(ItI is left out) |
|
5 |
II it's on the first floorll |
(ItI is left out) |
|
6 II he speaks three languagesll |
(no simplification) |
|
7 II lift your arms slowlyll |
(' . . .s s. . . ' make one lengthened Isl sound) |
|
8 II there was a cold breezell |
(Id! is left out) |
|
9 II what's that unpleasant smelVI |
(ItI is left out) |
|
10 II it's hugell |
(no simplification) |
I 50 |
English Pronunciation in Use (Advanced) |
9.3 |
The most likely answers are: |
|
direct speech |
(ItI is left out) |
general strike |
(no simplification) |
|
golf club |
(no simplification) |
|
lamp shade |
(no simplification) |
|
first class |
(ItI is left out) |
|
passive smoking |
(no simplification) |
|
rock music |
(1kJis shortened) |
|
lost property |
(ItI is left out) |
|
speech therapist |
(no simplification) |
|
time travel |
(no simplification) |
|
tourist trap |
(It! is left out) |
Follow-up
Here are some examples of compounds which have consonant clusters across word boundaries taken from the field of physics: chaos theory, electron microscope, focalp.oint, je1..opulsion,J2[ tensile strength, surface tension.
1 0. 1 |
Unit 1 0 |
5 p |
|
rian ( 1 ) |
1 |
o(9sional ( 1 ) |
4 cosmc@jtan (2) |
2 |
ement( 1 ) |
|
e(@t |
|
3 |
temper al (2) |
6 inc<@nt (2) |
1 0.2 |
2 routine * |
|
9 sixteen * |
|
" indicates stress shift. |
|
|
|
|
1 |
pronunciation |
|
8 Mediterranean |
|
3 propagmda |
|
10 propagmda |
|
4 Mediterranean " |
|
1 1 routine |
|
5 |
sixteen |
|
12 independent " |
|
6 satisfactory " |
|
13 satisfactory |
|
7 indeprndent |
|
14 pronunciation |
7 clec@c (2)
8 spe@lar ( 1 )
9 docu@ary (2)
The words which do not have stress shift are 'pronunciation' and 'propaganda'.
1 0.3 |
conCise |
disarming |
footbridge |
lifelike |
paintbox |
sub tive tablecloth |
(Speaker A = South Africa) |
|
|
|
1 |
concise |
|
|
5 tablecloth |
|
|
|
2 |
handbag |
|
6 paintbox |
|
|
|
3 |
lifelike |
|
|
7 disarming |
|
|
|
4 |
subjective |
|
|
|
|
|
Follow-up
(i)In Indian English, for example, stress often comes on the next to last syllable of a word regardless of where it comes in the word in other varieties. For example, 'event, 'refer in Indian English compared with e'vent, re'fer in British English.
(ii)Here are some words stressed differently in British and American English: 'adult, 'brochure, 'debris, mou'stache (in British English); a'dult, bro'chure, de' bris, 'moustache (in American English).
English Pronunciation in Use (Advanced) |
I 5 |