Файл: английский сборник по реферированию.pdf

26

в

направлении

противоположном

физиологическому

в

результате

сокращения

его

мышц

), 

H

регургитация

крови

при

недостаточности

митрального

или

аортального

клапана

19.

myocardial infarction

инфаркт

миокарда

20.

rheumatic carditis

ревмокардит

, 

ревматический

кардит

21.

persist 

H

сохраняться

22.

personal history  

анамнез

23.

predictor 

показатель

,  

H

прогностический

фактор

24.

rheumatic carditis 

ревмокардит

, 

ревматический

кардит

25.

rheumatic fever

H

ревматическая

атака

H

, 

H

острая

ревматическая

лихорадка

26.

ST-segment elevation 
myocardial

infarction

инфаркт

миокарда

с

подъемом

сегмента

 ST 

на

ЭКГ

27.

subclinical disease 

субклиническое

 (

H

бессимптомное

H

) 

заболевание

28.

substernal chest pain 

боли

за

грудиной

и

в

области

сердца

29.

systolic hypertension 

H

систолическая

 (

артериальная

) 

гипертензия

30.

thiazide diuretics 

H

тиазидный

диуретик

31.

transient

транзиторный

, 

преходящий

, 

кратковременный

32.

valvar (valve)  lesion

H

поражение

клапана

сердца

Упражнение

 1. 

Переведите

предложения

на

русский

язык

, 

обратите

внимание

на

перевод

выделенных

слов

. 

1.

In 41% of patients 

admission diagnosis

 was 

ST-segment elevation 

myocardial

infarction

. 

2.

Chest pain raises concern (

поднимает

вопрос

) for the possibility of 

coronary 

heart disease

. 

3.

The 

coronary heart disease score

 was derived from some variables: age, 

gender, 

substernal chest pain

 location, 

cardiovascular risk factors,

 pain 

increasing with 

exertion

, 

personal history

 of cardiovascular disease and other. 

4.

Systolic hypertension

(SH) is defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) of at 

least (

по

меньшей

мере

) 140

mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure of less than 

90 mm Hg, in

older persons ( 60 years).

27

5.

The studies most strongly support the use of 

thiazide diuretics

and long-acting 

calcium channel blockers

 as first-line therapy (

H

терапия

первой

линии

H

). 

6.

In 41% patients admission diagnosis was 

ST-segment elevation myocardial

infarction

, whereas 59% presented with 

non-ST-segment

elevation acute 

coronary syndrome

. 

7.

Thus, among nitrate users 

clinical presentation

 was tilted toward 

(

склоняются

в

пользу

) 

non-ST-segment

elevation acute coronary syndrome

    by  more 

than four-fold (

более

чем

в

четыре

раза

). 

8.

Chronic nitrate use remained independent 

predictor

of 

non-ST-segment

elevation acute coronary syndrome. 

9.

Randomized, placebo-controlled

trials are needed to establish whether nitrate 

therapy may

pharmacologically precondition the heart toward 

ischaemic 

episodes

.

10.

Chronic nitrate therapy is associated with different 

presentation

 and 

evolution

of acute coronary syndromes

. 

11.

Subclinical lesions are not necessarily

 transient. 

12.

Doppler imaging

 improves the detection of 

rheumatic carditis

.

13.

Doppler echocardiography

 revealed acute 

valvar lesions. 

14.

10 of 20 

rheumatic fever

 patients had no 

auscultatory evidence

 of 

rheumatic 

carditis

. 

15.

Subclinical valve lesions, detected only by 

Doppler imaging

, can 

persist

. 

Упражнение

 2. 

Прочитайте

рефераты

медицинских

статей

. 

Передайте

их

содержание

на

русском

языке

по

схеме

. 

a) RULING OUT CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN PRIMARY CARE 

PATIENTS WITH CHEST PAIN: A CLINICAL PREDICTION SCORE 

Baris Gencer

, 

Paul Vaucher

, 

Lilli Herzig

et al 

BMC Medicin

е

,

2010 

BACKGROUND 

Chest pain raises concern for the possibility of coronary heart 

disease. Scoring methods have been developed to identify coronary heart disease in 
emergency settings, but not in primary care. 

OBJECTIVE 

To develop

a clinical prediction score to rule out coronary heart 

disease in primary care.

METHODS 

Data were collected from a multicenter Swiss clinical cohort study 

including 672 patients with chest pain, who had visited one of 59 family 
practitioners' offices. We derived a clinical prediction score to rule out coronary 
heart disease by means of a logistic regression model.

RESULTS 

The coronary heart disease score was derived from eight variables: 

age, gender, duration of chest pain from 1 to 60 minutes, substernal chest pain 

28

location, pain increasing with exertion, absence of tenderness point at palpation, 
cardiovascular risks factors, and personal history of cardiovascular disease. From 
this score, 413 patients were considered to have a low risk of coronary heart 
disease. 

CONCLUSIONS 

This score, based only on history and physical examination, is a 

complementary tool for ruling out coronary heart disease in primary care patients 
complaining of chest pain. 



BMC (BioMed Central) – 

название

издательства



clinical prediction score – 

шкала

H

клинического

прогноз

H

а



rule out – 

исключить



family practitioner– 

H

семейный

врач



emergency setting – 

отделение

неотложной

помощи



primary care – 

H

первичная

медицинская

помощь



tenderness point – 

H

болевая

точка



complementary tool – 

H

дополнительное

средство

b)  SYSTOLIC HYPERTENSION IN OLDER PERSONS 

Sarwat I. Chaudhry, Harlan M. Krumholz, JoAnne Micale Foody 

Journal of American Medical Association, 2004, Volume 292, pp.1074-1080 

CONTEXT 

 The 7th Report of the Joint National Committee

on Prevention, 

Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High

Blood Pressure  emphasizes the 

importance of systolic hypertension

(SH), defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) 

of at least 140

mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure of less than 90 mm Hg, in

older 

persons ( 60 years).

OBJECTIVE 

 To systematically review the literature on clinical

management of 

SH in older persons.

METHODS

 We performed a MEDLINE search of English-language

literature 

from 1966-2004 to identify reports about SH in older

persons. We selected 1064 

studies. 

RESULTS 

There is strong evidence from clinical

trials to support the treatment of 

SH in older persons with

SBP of at least 160 mm Hg. The studies most strongly 

support the use of thiazide diuretics

and long-acting calcium channel blockers as 

first-line therapy

to treat SH.  

CONCLUSIONS 

 Treatment of SH in older patients with SBP

of at least 160 mm 

Hg is supported by strong evidence. The evidence

available to support treatment of 

patients to the level of 140

mm Hg or those with baseline SBP of 140 to 159 mm 

Hg is less

strong; thus, these treatment decisions should be more sensitive

to patient 

preferences and tolerance of therapy.



Joint National Committee

on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and 

Treatment of High

Blood Pressure – 

H

Объединённый

национальный

29

комитет

по

предупреждению

, 

выявлению

, 

оценке

и

лечению

высокого

артериального

давления



strong evidence – 

веские

доказательства



preferences – 

предпочтения

13B

c) CHRONIC NITRATE THERAPY IS ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENT 

PRESENTATION AND EVOLUTION OF ACUTE CORONARY 

SYNDROMES 

Allison Wyman, Brian M. Kennelly, Keith A.A. Fox et al 

European Heart Journal, Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 430-438. 

OBJECTIVE 

 In this study, we investigated whether antecedent

nitrate therapy 

affords protection against ischemic events.

METHODS 

We

used data from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events.

The dataset comprised 52 693 patients from 123 centers in 14

countries: 80% were 

nitrate-naïve  and 20%

were on chronic nitrates on admission. In nitrate-naïve

patients, admission diagnosis was ST-segment elevation myocardial

infarction 

(STEMI) in 41%, whereas 59% presented with non-ST-segment

elevation acute 

coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). In contrast, only

18% nitrate users showed 

STEMI, whereas 82% presented with NSTE-ACS.

RESULTS 

Thus, among nitrate users clinical presentation was tilted toward

NSTE-ACS by more than four-fold, STEMI occurring in less than

one of five 

patients. 

CONCLUSIONS 

In this large multinational registry, 

с

hronic nitrate use remained 

independent predictor

of non-ST-segment

elevation acute coronary syndrome. 

Randomized, placebo-controlled

trials are needed to establish whether nitrate 

therapy may

pharmacologically precondition the heart toward ischaemic episodes.



antecedent

 –  

предшествующий



Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events – 

Международный

регистр

острых

коронарных

синдромов



nitrate-naïve – 

не

принимавший

ранее

нитраты



precondition – 

H

обусловить

3B

d) PROSPECTIVE COMPARISON OF CLINICAL AND 

ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS OF RHEUMATIC CARDITIS: 

LONG TERM FOLLOW UP OF PATIENTS WITH SUBCLINICAL 

DISEASE 

H

M. Fernández

HH

b

H

, 

H

P. Valdés

HH

a

H

, 

H

C. Wilson

H

 et al  

Heart, Volume 85, Issue 4, 2001 

OBJECTIVE

 To determine the frequency of occurrence and long term evolution 

of subclinical carditis in patients with acute rheumatic fever.  

SETTING

 Three general hospitals in Chile.  

30

METHODS

 35 patients fulfilling the Jones criteria for rheumatic fever underwent 

clinical (auscultatory) and echocardiographic examination. Ten patients had 
subclinical carditis on admission, six of whom were followed for five years.  

RESULTS

 Mitral or aortic regurgitation was detected by Doppler 

echocardiographic imaging in 25 out of 35 rheumatic fever patients as opposed to 5 
out of 35 by clinical examination. Doppler echocardiography revealed acute valvar 
lesions in 10 of 20 rheumatic fever patients who had no auscultatory evidence of 
rheumatic carditis (subclinical carditis). Three of these subclinical lesions and three 
of the clinical or auscultatory lesions detected on admission were still present after 
five years of follow up, emphasizing that subclinical lesions are not necessarily 
transient.  

CONCLUSIONS

 Doppler echocardiographic imaging improves the detection of 

rheumatic carditis. Subclinical valve lesions, detected only by Doppler imaging, 
can persist. Echocardiographic findings should be accepted as a major criterion for 
the diagnosis of rheumatic fever.  



long term – 

отсроченный



Jones criteria for rheumatic fever – 

критерии

Джонса

, 

применяемые

для

диагностики

первой

атаки

ревматической

лихорадки



fulfill –  

зд

.

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