Файл: английский сборник по реферированию.pdf

41

and without concomitant opportunistic diseases in a large autopsy series, and to 
correlate it with the changes in antiretroviral treatment. 

METHODS

 We reviewed 1597 autopsies of HIV-positive patients performed 

between 1984 and 2000, and divided into four time periods on the basis of the 
therapeutic regimens: 1984-1987, no therapy; 1988-1994, monotherapy 
(zidovudine); 1995-1996, dual combination therapy with nucleoside reverse 
transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI); and 1997-2000, triple combination therapy 
including two NRTI and at least one protease inhibitor or non-NRTI.  

RESULTS

 The CNS of 1210 patients (76%) was affected by opportunistic 

diseases, HIV-related lesions or both. The prevalence of HIV-related lesions in the 
four periods was respectively 54%, 32%, 18% and 15%. During the last period, 
however, differences in HIV-E/L between treated and untreated patients were not 
statistically significant. 

CONCLUSIONS

 These neuropathological data confirm the efficacy of 

antiretroviral treatment in reducing the frequency of HIV-related CNS lesions in 
AIDS patients.  
 



HIV-positive – 

H

ВИЧ

инфицированный

H

, 

H

ВИЧ

-

положительный



nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors – 

H

нуклеозидный

ингибитор

обратной

транскриптазы



protease inhibitor – 

ингибитор

протеазы



non-NRTI – 

H

ненуклеозидный

ингибитор

обратной

транскриптазы

d) TREATMENT OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY WITH MODERATE 

HYPOTHERMIA 

Donald W. Marion, M.D., Louis E. Penrod, M.D., Sheryl F. Kelsey, Ph.D. et al 

New England Journal of Medicine, 1997 

BACKGROUND 

Traumatic brain injury causes  several metabolic processes that 

can exacerbate the injury.

OBJECTIVE 

To determine whether  hypothermia may limit some of these 

harmful metabolic responses. 

METHODS 

In a randomized, controlled trial, we compared the effects of 

moderate hypothermia and normothermia in 82 patients with severe closed head 
injuries (a score of 3 to 7 on the Glasgow Coma Scale). The patients assigned to 
hypothermia were cooled to 33°C a mean of 10 hours after injury, kept at 32 to 
33°C for 24 hours, and then rewarmed. A specialist in physical medicine and 
rehabilitation evaluated the patients 3, 6, and 12 months later with the use of the 
Glasgow Outcome Scale.

RESULTS 

At 12 months, 62 percent of the patients in the hypothermia group and 

38 percent of those in the normothermia group had good outcomes (moderate, 
mild, or no disabilities). Hypothermia did not improve the outcomes in the patients 
with coma scores of 3 or 4 on admission. Among the patients with scores of 5 to 7, 

42

hypothermia was associated with significantly improved outcomes at 3 and 6 
months, although not at 12 months.

CONCLUSIONS 

Treatment with moderate hypothermia for 24 hours in patients 

with severe traumatic brain injury and coma scores of 5 to 7 on admission hastened 
neurologic recovery and may have improved the outcome.



hypothermia – 

искусственное

понижение

температуры

тела

с

лечебными

целями



normothermia – 

нормотермия

 (

температура

окружающей

среды

, 

не

вызывающая

повышение

или

угнетение

активности

клеток

организма

) 



Glasgow Coma Scale – 

H

шкала

комы

Глазго



assign – 

H

направлять



limit – 

H

ограничивать

H

, 

H

лимитировать

43

Микро

-

биология

ЗАНЯТИЕ

8 

Выучите

слова

и

выражения

, 

наиболее

часто

употребляемые

в

рефератах

: 

1.

antibody titer 

титр

антител

2.

aspiration pneumonia 

аспирационная

пневмония

3.

bacteremia

бактериемия

 (

наличие

бактерий

в

циркулирующей

крови

) 

4.

bacterial counts 

определение

количества

бактерий

5.

beneficial 

благотворный

, 

полезный

6.

benefit 

польза

, 

благо

; 

извлекать

пользу

, 

выгоду

7.

blood culture 

гемокультура

8.

coexistent 

сосуществующий

9.

chest radiograph (

Syn.

 X-ray fim) 

рентгеновский

снимок

грудной

клетки

10.

colony-forming unit 

H

колониеобразующая

единица

11.

consolidation 

H

консолидация

H

, 

уплотнение

12.

contamination rate

загрязненность

13.

contaminate 

загрязнять

, 

инфицировать

, 

заражать

14.

enhance 

увеличивать

, 

усиливать

15.

focal lobar consolidation 

очаговое

лобарное

уплотнение

16.

HIV seropositivity 

H

серопозитивная

реакция

H

на

ВИЧ

17.

humoral immunity 

H

гуморальный

иммунитет

18.

immune related disease

H

иммуно

-

обусловленное

заболевание

19.

immune response

H

иммунная

реакция

H

, 

H

иммунный

ответ

20.

isolate 

изолят

, 

штамм

, 

H

культура

H

(

микрофлоры

) 

21.

multicentric disease 

H

многоочаговая

болезнь

H

22.

multifocal

and focal 

картина

многоочаговой

и

очаговой

44

bronchopneumonia pattern 

бронхопневмонии

23.

nosocomial  

H

госпитальный

H

, 

H

внутрибольничный

H

, 

H

нозокомиальный

H

 (

об

инфекции

) 

24.

radiographic

appearance

H

рентгенологическое

изображение

25.

radiographic pattern 

H

рентгенологическая

картина

26.

sputum cultures 

H

посев

мокроты

27.

strain

штамм

Упражнение

 1. 

Переведите

предложения

на

русский

язык

, 

обратите

внимание

на

перевод

выделенных

слов

.

1.

4B

Yogurt provides 

beneficial

 cultures that aid (

способствуют

) in digestion and 

provides an excellent source of calcium. 

2.

Yogurt may be the ultimate (

идеальный

) health food by 

enhancing

 the 

immune response

 in those who eat it regularly. 

3.

Many of the studies produce compelling evidence (

убедительные

доказательства

) that yogurt improves resistance to 

immune related disease. 

4.

The subjects who consumed (

употребляли

в

пищу

) the yogurt bacteria 

benefited

 by a significantly 

enhanced immune response. 

5.

These improvements are likely to provide significant health 

benefits

 to those 

who eat yogurt with active cultures regularly.

6.

All 

bacterial counts

 were determined using a modified glove-juice sampling 

procedure

(

метод

забора

образцов

для

бактериологического

исследования

). 

7.

The difference was determined between the amounts of bacteria on hands 
artificially 

contaminated

 with the bacterium Micrococcus luteus before 

washing with a nonantibacterial soap and after drying by 4 different methods.

8.

No statistically significant differences were noted in the numbers of 

colony-

forming units

 for each method.

9.

The objective of this study was to determine the 

contamination rate

 of the 

healthcare workers' (HCWs') (

работники

здравоохранения

) mobile phones 

and hands in operating room.

10.

The 

gram negative strains

 were isolated from mobile phones of 31.3% 

subjects.

11.

Distributions of the isolated microorganisms from mobile phones were similar 
to hands 

isolates. 

12.

Mobile phones used by HCWs in daily practice may be a source of 

nosocomial 

infections

 in hospitals.

13.

Our purpose was to determine whether 

bacteremia

 or HIV status affects the 

radiographic

appearance.

14.

Patients less than 16 years old and those with 

nosocomial pneumonia

,

aspiration pneumonia

, or 

coexistent

 lung disease were excluded 

(

исключены

).

45

15.

105 patients had positive findings

for 

Streptococcus pneumoniae

 from 

sputum 

or blood cultures. 

16.

Among all the patients, 

focal lobar consolidation

 was the most

common 

pattern, observed in 48%.

17.

The 

radiographic pattern

 and incidence

of 

multicentric disease

 were not 

affected by 

HIV seropositivity. 

Упражнение

 2. 

Прочитайте

рефераты

медицинских

статей

. 

Передайте

их

содержание

на

русском

языке

по

схеме

.

5B

а

) YOGURT WITH ACTIVE BACTERIAL CULTURES IS THE ORIGINAL 

HEALTH FOOD 

K. Arunachalam, H. S. Gill, R. K. Chandra 

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2000. Volume 54, No. 3, pp. 263-267 

BACKGROUND

. Yogurt provides beneficial cultures that aid in digestion and 

provides an excellent source of calcium. Yogurt may, in fact, be the ultimate health 
food by enhancing the immune response in those who eat it regularly. A recent 
review of the researches on the immunological effects of yogurt with active 
cultures showed that many of the studies produce compelling evidence that yogurt 
improves resistance to immune related disease. 

AIM 

We investigated whether active yogurt bacteria significantly improve human 

immunity

. 

METHOD

 The present study followed 25 healthy, elderly human volunteers in a 

randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study. Volunteers were given either 
milk or milk with active yogurt bacteria (Bifidobacterium lactis) for six weeks.  

RESULTS

. Immune response variables were then measured and the subjects who 

consumed the yogurt bacteria benefited by a significantly enhanced immune 
response as compared to controls.  

CONCLUSION

 Based on the findings we concluded that these considerable 

improvements are likely to provide significant health benefits to those who eat 
yogurt with active cultures regularly. 
 



Bifidobacterium lactis – 

бифидобактерии

лактис



as compared to – 

по

сравнению

с