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36
RESULTS
21% of the infants were colonized
with
S. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis,
H. influenzae,
or a combination
of these organisms. Colonization with one or more
of these organisms,
but not colonization with
S. aureus,
was significantly
associated
with persistent wheeze, acute severe exacerbation of wheeze, and
hospitalization for
wheeze.
CONCLUSIONS
Neonates colonized in the hypopharyngeal region
with
S.
pneumoniae, H. influenzae,
or
M. catarrhalis,
or with
a combination of these
organisms, are at increased risk for
recurrent wheeze and asthma early in life.
neonate –
новорожденный
diary cards –
дневники
пациентов
exacerbation –
обострение
болезни
15B
d) RESPIRATORY TRACT COLONIZATION AND INFECTION IN
PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC TRACHEOSTOMY. A ONE-YEAR STUDY
IN PATIENTS LIVING AT HOME
R. Harlid, G. Andersson, C. Frostell et al
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., Volume 154, No. 1, 07 1996, pp. 124-129
BACKGROUND
The high rate of complications, especially respiratory tract
infection
(RTI), was reported in patients with chronic tracheostomy (CT) However,
previous studies of CT have
concerned mainly hospitalized patients.
OBJECTIVE
We investigated whether
outpatients
with CT had a high or low risk
for developing
severe RTIs.
METHODS
We have followed the bacterial
colonization patterns of the upper and
lower respiratory tract and recorded
all RTIs in 39 outpatients with CT during a 12-
month period. Patients were
colonized with one or more potential pathogens at the
stomal site and in
the trachea in 95% and 83%, respectively.
RESULTS
Staphylococcus aureus, gram-negative enteric bacteria (GNEB), and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most common colonizing bacteria at these
sites.
70% of bronchial-protected brush cultures were negative,
despite simultaneous
heavy colonization of the stomal site or the trachea.
Only 18 of 39 (46%) patients
were treated with antibiotics because of RTIs
during the study year. Of these, only
5 episodes of pneumonia were registered.
CONCLUSION
Outpatients
with chronic tracheostomy had a low risk for
developing
severe RTIs, despite massive airway colonization with potentially
pathogenic bacteria.
concern –
касаться
,
относиться
stomal –
H
относящийся
к
стоме
bronchial-protected brush cultures –
посевы
культур
микроорганизмов
,
полученных
с
помощью
защищенной
бронхиальной
щёточки
37
Центральная
нервная
система
ЗАНЯТИЕ
7
Выучите
слова
и
выражения
,
наиболее
часто
употребляемые
в
рефератах
:
1.
aneurysm
аневризма
(
расширение
просвета
кровеносного
сосуда
или
полости
сердца
вследствие
патологических
изменений
их
стенок
)
2.
antiretroviral treatment
H
антиретровирусная
терапия
3.
benign
доброкачественный
(
о
течении
болезни
,
об
опухоли
и
т
.
п
.)
4.
brain
infarct
мозговой
инфаркт
5.
brain tumor
H
опухоль
головного
мозга
6.
concomitant
сопутствующий
7.
dual combination therapy
двойная
H
комбинированная
терапия
8.
encephalitis
H
энцефалит
H
(
воспаление
головного
мозга
)
9.
exacerbate
обострять
,
усиливать
10.
glioma
глиома
(
опухоль
центральной
нервной
системы
,
происходящая
из
клеток
нейроглии
)
11.
hasten
ускорять
(
какой
-
л
.
процесс
и
т
.
п
.),
способствовать
12.
incidental finding
H
случайная
находка
H
(
при
исследовании
)
13.
injury (Syn. damage)
повреждение
,
рана
,
травма
14.
ipsilateral
ипсилатеральный
,
расположенный
на
той
же
стороне
15.
lesion
повреждение
,
поражение
,
патологическое
изменение
16.
leukoencephalopathy
H
лейкоэнцефалопатия
H
(
некроз
белого
вещества
головного
мозга
)
17.
meningioma
менингиома
(
обычно
доброкачественная
опухоль
оболочек
(
чаще
твёрдой
)
головного
38
или
спинного
мозга
)
18.
neuroradiologist
нейрорентгенолог
,
нейрорадиолог
19.
odds ratio
H
коэффициент
несогласия
H
,
отношение
шансов
.
(
Отношение
шансов
определяется
как
отношение
шансов
события
в
одной
группе
к
шансам
события
в
другой
группе
,
или
как
отношение
шансов
того
,
что
событие
произойдет
,
к
шансам
того
,
что
событие
не
произойдет
).
20.
opportunistic disease
H
оппортунистические
болезни
H
(
вызываемые
условно
-
патогенной
микрофлорой
при
ослабленном
иммунитете
)
21.
parietal lobe
теменная
доля
головного
мозга
22.
H
pathological finding
H
H
обнаруженная
патология
23.
physical medicine
H
физиотерапия
H
,
H
физическая
терапия
24.
primary tumor
H
первичная
опухоль
25.
temporal lobe
височная
доля
(
головного
мозга
)
26.
traumatic brain injury
черепно
-
мозговая
травма
,
H
травматическое
повреждение
мозга
27.
triple combination therapy
тройная
H
комбинированная
терапия
28.
H
white matter
H
белое
вещество
H
(
мозга
)
Упражнение
1.
Переведите
предложения
на
русский
язык
,
обратите
внимание
на
перевод
выделенных
слов
.
1.
Advances (
достижения
) in medicine result in the detection of asymptomatic
brain
abnormalities
, such as brain
tumors
,
aneurysms
, and subclinical
vascular pathologic changes.
2.
We conducted a study to determine the prevalence of such
incidental
brain
findings
.
3.
Two
neuroradiologists
recorded all brain
abnormalities
, including
asymptomatic
brain
infarcts
.
4.
Cerebral
aneurysms
(1.8%) and
benign primary tumors
(1.6%), mainly
meningiomas
,
were the most frequent.
5.
The CNS of 1210 patients (76%) was affected by
opportunistic diseases
, HIV-
related (
ВИЧ
-
обусловленные
)
lesions
or both.
6.
Traumatic brain
injury
initiates several metabolic processes that can
exacerbate
the
injury
.
7.
A specialist in
physical medicine
and rehabilitation evaluated the patients.
39
8.
Treatment with moderate hypothermia for 24 hours
hastened
neurologic
recovery.
9.
No risk increase was found for
ipsilateral
phone use for tumors located in the
temporal and parietal lobes.
10.
These data confirm the efficacy of
antiretroviral treatment
in reducing the
frequency of HIV-related CNS
lesions
in AIDS patients.
11.
Some patients received
dual combination therapy
and other received
triple
combination therapy.
12.
The objective of the study was
to evaluate the prevalence of HIV-related
central nervous system (CNS) lesions such as HIV-
encephalitis
and/or HIV-
leukoencephalopathy
.
13.
The prevalence of asymptomatic
brain
infarcts
and
meningiomas
increased
with age, as did the volume
of
white matter
lesions
.
14.
We evaluated the prevalence of HIV-related central nervous system
lesions
and
correlated it with the changes in
antiretroviral treatment
.
Упражнение
2.
Прочитайте
рефераты
медицинских
статей
.
Передайте
их
содержание
на
русском
языке
по
схеме
.
a) LONG-TERM MOBILE PHONE USE AND BRAIN TUMOR RISK
H
Stefan Lönn
HH
,
HH
Anders Ahlbom
H
,
H
Per Hall
H
,
H
Maria Feychting
HH
American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 151, Issue 6, 526-535
BACKGROUND
Handheld mobile phones were introduced in Sweden during the
late 1980s.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this population-based, case-control study was to test
the hypothesis that long-term mobile phone use increases the risk of brain tumors.
METHODS
The authors identified all cases aged 20–69 years who were
diagnosed with glioma or meningioma during 2000–2002 in certain parts of
Sweden. Randomly selected controls were stratified on age, gender, and residential
area. Detailed information about mobile phone use was collected from 371 (74%)
glioma and 273 (85%) meningioma cases and 674 (71%) controls.
RESULTS
For regular mobile phone use, the odds ratio was 0.8 for glioma and
0.7 for meningioma. Similar results were found for more than 10 years' duration of
mobile phone use. No risk increase was found for ipsilateral phone use for tumors
located in the temporal and parietal lobes. Furthermore, the odds ratio did not
increase, regardless of tumor histology, type of phone, and amount of use.
CONCLUSIONS
This study includes a large number of long-term mobile phone
users, and it may be concluded that the data do not support the hypothesis that
mobile phone use is related to an increased risk of glioma or meningioma.
handheld –
карманный
stratify –
подразделять
residential area –
H
область
проживания
furthermore –
H
более
того
40
regardless of –
H
независимо
от
support –
поддерживать
b) INCIDENTAL FINDINGS ON BRAIN MRI IN THE GENERAL
POPULATION
Meike W. Vernooij, M. Arfan Ikram., Hervé L. Tanghe
New England Journal of Medicine, 2007
BACKGROUND
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain is
increasingly
used in clinical medicine,
and scanner hardware and MRI sequences are
continually being
improved. These advances are likely to result in the detection
of
asymptomatic brain abnormalities, such as brain
tumors, aneurysms, and
subclinical vascular pathologic changes.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence of such incidental
brain findings in the
general population.
METHODS
The subjects were 2000 persons from the population-based
Rotterdam Study
in whom structural brain MRI was performed. Two experienced
neuroradiologists recorded all brain abnormalities, including asymptomatic brain
infarcts.
RESULTS
Asymptomatic brain infarcts were present in 145 persons
(7.2%).
Among findings other than infarcts, cerebral aneurysms
(1.8%) and benign primary
tumors (1.6%), mainly meningiomas,
were the most frequent. The prevalence of
asymptomatic brain
infarcts and meningiomas increased with age, as did the
volume
of white matter lesions, whereas aneurysms showed no age-related
increase
in prevalence.
CONCLUSIONS
Incidental brain findings on MRI are common in the general
population.
The most frequent are brain infarcts, followed by cerebral aneurysms
and benign primary tumors.
scanner hardware –
сканирующее
устройство
MRI sequences –
H
импульсный
режим
H
МРТ
detection –
обнаружение
16B
c) PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
OF AIDS PATIENTS ON ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAP
У
:
RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 1597 AUTOPSIES
Vago, Luca; Bonetto, Sara; Nebuloni, Manuela et al
AIDS, Vol. 6, Issue 14, 2002, pp. 1925-1928
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the prevalence of HIV-related central nervous system
(CNS) lesions (HIV-encephalitis and/or HIV-leukoencephalopathy: HIV-E/L) with