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TEXT 1
VI. Read and translate the text.
HEALTH CARE SYSTEM IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
1.Priorities of the state health care policy
Health care in Belarus is supervised by the Ministry
of Health. All citizens in Belarus have the right to
free health care in state-funded institutions. The
private health care sector amounts to about 7.0%.
The primary aim of the state health care policy of
the Republic of Belarus is to create conditions for
every person to exercise his/her right to health
protection.
The prevention of diseases and extension of the life-span are the major
principles of our health service. In 2012 the life-expectancy of Belarusian
people averaged 66.6 years for men and 76.6 years for women. The
mortality rate was 13.3 per 1,000 people.
The most distinctive feature of health care system in Belarus is the
attention paid to prophylaxis. One of the main tasks in the fight against
various diseases is the early detection of the first signs of disease.
Special attention is paid to the maternity and childhood protection. Free
medical observation at the health care institutions, inpatient treatment
during and after childbirth, as well as medical care and observation of the
newborns are guaranteed to each pregnant woman.
2. Structure of the health care system
In 2012 about 46,760 health workers with higher education and 112,992
nursing staff provided medical services to the citizens in hospitals,
polyclinics and other medical institutions.
The
primary medical care
in Belarus is provided by polyclinics. Belarus
has 511 outpatient clinics, 372 of which are rural polyclinics. The
polyclinic provides routine health checks, health education, immunization,
sickness certification, home visits, antenatal and obstetric care. Most
standard polyclinics have a range of specialists, which includes
cardiologists, gastroenterologists and oncologists. Polyclinics have their
own laboratories, X-ray, physiotherapy and surgical departments.
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There are polyclinics for the adult population of a given area and
polyclinics for children. Ambulant patients are seen at the polyclinic by
district doctors. Patients who are seriously ill are visited by their district
doctor at home. District doctors are on call part of their working day.
The
emergency ambulance service
operates day and night and is free of
charge. In case of an emergency condition one has to dial 103 for a doctor
to come. The ambulances are equipped with diagnostic, respiratory, and
anaesthetic apparatus, as well as blood transfusion and other devices,
which enable the doctor to give emergency surgical and medical treatment.
Secondary care
is organized on a
territorial basis, with a designated
hospital serving each district and
region. The country has 834
hospitals providing over 125,000
beds. District hospitals provide
common services, such as general
medicine and surgery, obstetrics
and a wide range of specialties.
More complex cases can be referred to the regional hospital where a fuller
range of specialties are offered.
Health resort treatment
is a part of a medical rehabilitation system. There
are over 100 health resorts in the country. They specialize in different
spheres and provide the whole range of modern physiatrists’ services.
Annually over 1.3 million persons visit for recreation and medical
treatment. Every year Belarusian health resorts and rehabilitation centers
offer their services to over 170 thousand foreigners, with 95 percent of
them being from Russia and the Baltic States.
3. Fields of medical research
Belarus has many national research and practical centers, each
representing a complex of multifunctional departments. There are now 16
specialized centers in Belarus for the treatment of particular diseases:
“Cardiology”,
“Mother
and
Child”,
“Pediatric
Oncology
and
Hematology”, “Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology”, and others.
They provide a close link between research and practice.
As for scientific problems, medical research is concerned with the
prevention and treatment of cardiovascular, and oncological diseases, as
well as HIV and ТВ. Medical scientists are doing research into the
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problems
of
Neurosurgery,
Traumatology,
Cardiac
Surgery,
Otorhinolaryngology and the development of artificial knee joints.
Transplantology develops successfully as well. High-tech methods and
technology for rendering medical care, applied in our country, are in line
with international standards.
Text vocabulary
anaesthetic apparatus
наркозный аппарат
antenatal care
дородовое наблюдение
artificial knee joints
искусственные коленные суставы
designated hospital
назначенная больница
emergency condition
критическое состояние
HIV
(human
immunodeficiency
virus)
ВИЧ
(вирус
иммунодефицита
человека)
maternity
and
childhood protection
охрана материнства и детства
nursing staff
средний медперсонал
obstetric care
акушерская помощь
recreation
рекреация, отдых
sickness certification
выдача больничного листа
specialties
медицинские специальности
TB (tuberculosis)
туберкулез
to be in line with
international standards
отвечать
международным
стандартам
to do research (into)
проводить научные исследования
(в какой-то области)
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CONVERSATION PRACTICE
VII. Answer the following questions.
1.
Is health care in Belarus free of charge?
2.
What is the primary aim of the state health care policy of the
Republic of Belarus?
3.
Special attention is paid to the maternity and childhood protection,
isn’t it?
4.
What is the characteristic feature of health care in our country?
5.
What are the major principles of our health service?
6.
What is the life-span (mortality rate, birth rate) of Belarusian people?
7.
Where may a sick person receive treatment?
8.
How many hospitals (polyclinics) are there in the Republic of
Belarus?
9.
Where is the primary medical care provided?
10.
What do you know about the work of a district doctor?
11.
What do people do in case of an emergency condition?
12.
How is secondary care organized in the Republic?
13.
What is the role of health resort treatment in the health care system?
14.
Are there any specialized health centers in Belarus?
15.
What are the main problems facing medical science in our country?
16.
Into what problems are scientists doing research?
VIII. Agree or disagree with the statements using the following phrases:
Yes, I agree that ... / It is true that ... / Yes, I think that … Or: I don't
think that is correct ... / I can't agree with the fact that ... / No, I don't
think you are right ... .
1. Prevention of diseases is the main principle of health care in our
country. 2. There are some private clinics in Belarus which are not
financed by the state. 3. Large industrial enterprises do not provide
medical care for the workers. 4. Periodic screening is restricted only to
ТВ patients and does not involve patients with hypertension, coronary
heart diseases, and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. 5. The primary
medical care is provided by hospitals. 6. Most hospitals have the
following major departments: surgery,
obstetrics and gynecology,
pediatrics and therapeutics department. 6. The average length of stay of a
patient in a hospital is 15 days. 7. Health resorts provide the whole range
of modern physiatrists’ services.
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IX. Using the following phrases speak about
a) primary medical care
in Belarus:
to be provided by, routine health checks, health education, immunization,
sickness certification, home visits, antenatal and obstetric care, to have a
range of specialists, ambulant patients, district doctor, to be on call, to
visit patients in their homes.
b) rendering emergency ambulance service:
emergency medical service, to deal with urgent cases, free of charge, to
dial 103 for the doctor to come, blood-transfusion equipment, cases of
myocardial infarction, acute heart disease, to handle any emergency, to
give emergent treatment.
c)
secondary care in Belarus:
to be organized, territorial basis, designated hospital, district hospitals, to
provide common services, a wide range of specialties, complex cases, to
be referred to the regional hospital.
d)
health resort treatment in Belarus:
medical rehabilitation system, health resorts, to specialize in, to provide
the whole range of modern physiatrists’ services, to visit for recreation
and medical treatment, to offer services to foreigners.
X. Role play the dialogue.
Doctor:
Well, Mary, other than that rash
(сыпь), you’re in great health.
Patient:
Okay, Doctor. What should I do
about it?
Doctor:
I want you to go to dermatology.
Make an appointment for them to look at it.
Patient:
Where is that department?
Doctor:
It’s on the 3
rd
floor. Turn right when you pass the radiology
department.
Patient:
Great, I’ll head up there now.
Doctor:
But first, you should refill your prescription at the pharmacy.
Patient:
The
pharmacy is downstairs, right?
Doctor:
Yes, next to the emergency room.
XI. Speak about Health Care System in Belarus using the following
plan.
1.
Main principles of Belarusian health care system.
2.
The primary medical care.
3.
The secondary medical care.