Файл: Семенчук И.В., Деревлёва Н.В., Князева Ю.В. - Учимся читать рефераты научных медицинских статей на англ. яз.- НОВ.pdf
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фиксировать
29.
report
сообщать
30.
require
требовать
31.
result in (Ant. result from)
приводить к чему-л. (ант. быть
следствием)
32.
review
рассматривать, анализировать;
делать обзор
33.
suggest
предполагать; говорить (о), означать
Упражнение 1. Замените выделенные глаголы их эквивалентами.
Переведите предложения на русский язык
1. Acute osteomyelitis produces the symptoms that
are
often
attributed to
another
process.
2. Most donors who
were studied
had an excellent quality of life.
3. In rare cases within the first weeks of therapy this drug can
cause
cholestatic
jaundice (желтуха).
4. Heart disease
was detected
by clinical examination.
5. In adults the duration of colds
was reduced
by 8 %, and in children by 13 %.
6. Urinary symptoms
were found
in 34 % of the patients.
7. New methods have been developed
to identify
risk factors for coronary heart
disease.
8. Blood enzymes activities
were elevated
.
9. The prophylactic effect of vitamine C on common cold duration
was examined
.
10. We reviewed 1597 autopsies (аутопсия – паталогоанатомическое или
судебно-медицинское вскрытие трупа) which
were
performed
between 2000
and 2010.
12
Упражнение 2
А. Переведите следующие выражения на русский язык
To identify a heart disease; to establish the diagnosis; to establish the effectiveness
of different methods; to confirm the diagnosis; to cause changes; to cause
infarction; to identify reports about systolic hypertension in older
persons; to
identify a thyroid disorder; to receive antibiotics for acute bronchitis; to reduce
antibiotics use; to affect the risk of stroke; to be associated with an increase in
diuresis; to be associated
with age; to result in considerable improvement; to result
from infection.
В.
Переведите
предложения,
обращая
особое
внимание
на
выделенные слова
1. Methimazole-
induced
cholestasis was diagnosed, and propranolol therapy was
started.
2. In this case patients can
discontinue
methimazole therapy.
3. Over the following nine days the symptoms
improved
.
4. Asymptomatic brain infarcts
were present
in 145 persons (7.2 %).
5. Minimal changes
were observed
in all cell types.
6. We recorded all respiratory tract infections in 39 outpatients.
7. These data demonstrate no differences in the effectiveness of 4 different
methods.
8. We investigated 44 patients on a gluten-free diet (treated patients).
9. The data suggest that living kidney donors have survival (выживаемость)
different from that of nondonors.
10. These advances (достижения) resulted in the detection of unexpected,
asymptomatic brain pathology.
11. The diagnostic criteria for pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis must be modified.
12. In developing countries data may differ from those described in the United
States.
13. The diagnosis of duodenal ulcer (язвенной) disease must be
confirmed by
radiologic study.
14. Appendectomy
was performed
in 399 patients.
13
15. Thromboxane can favourably
affect
clinical conditions in patients with heart
disease.
16. Physical signs
associated with
heart disease were analysed.
17. Previous studies
have assessed
relatively small numbers of donors.
18. We
compared
the results of mechanical and manual methods of treatment.
19. Jaundice
found
in patients with pancreatitis is usually due to hepatocellular
injury.
20. We
reviewed
the medical records of 38 children with bronchial pneumonia
Запомните наиболее употребительные слова общего характера:
1.
abnormality
патология
2.
cause
причина
3.
complication
осложнение
4.
duration
продолжительность
5.
findings (Syn. data)
результаты, данные (исследования)
6.
follow-up
катамнез; последующее врачебное
наблюдение
7.
frequency
частота
8.
general population
население в целом
9.
importance
важность
10.
incidence (Syn. morbidity
rate)
заболеваемость, частота (заболеваний)
11.
management (Syn. treatment)
лечение
12.
mean (Syn. average)
средний
13.
onset
начало
14.
overall evidence
совокупные данные
15.
outcome
результат, исход
16.
prevalence
распространенность (заболевания),
встречаемость
17.
prevention (Syn. prophylaxis)
предотвращение, профилактика
14
18.
rate
скорость, частота, коэффициент
19.
recovery
восстановление, выздоровление
20.
report
сообщение
21.
research (Syn. investigation,
study)
исследование
22.
response
ответ, реакция
23.
review (Syn. survey)
обзор
24.
severe
25.
severity
резкий, сильный, тяжелый
тяжесть
26.
significantly
значительно, существенно; достоверно
27.
similar to
подобный, похожий
Упражнение 3. Переведите следующие выражения:
the overall evidence suggests that; the only found abnormality was; the outcomes
of hospital management; the findings of the survey showed that; the radiologic
study revealed stomach involvement; the expected response to the antibiotic;
severe pain in the leg; the mean follow-up period was 10 years; to find the
underlying cause of the disease; to calculate the glomerular filtration rate;
secondary prevention; to establish the incidence of pneumonia in general
population; the counted frequency of urination; to shorten the duration of colds;
severe complications; to take vitamine C at onset of a cold; severity of disease;
complication of asthma, neurological recovery; prevalence of asymptomatic brain
infarcts; cause of inflammation.
Упражнение 4. Сформулируйте по-русски, каковы были цели
исследований по следующим фрагментам предложений:
1.
The objective was to assess the capacity (способность) of progestins to
influence … .
2.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of gluten on … .
3.
We conducted a study to determine the prevalence of
brain infarcts in patients
with … .
4.
Our purpose was to establish the incidence of
bronchopneumonia in patients …
15
5.
We conducted a study to investigate a possible association between
… and … .
6.
We evaluated the frequency of urinary tract infection in children with … .
7.
This survey analyzed perceptions (мнения) of physicians, nurses, patients and
relatives about effectiveness of … .
8.
We evaluated the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of children with …
9.
We assessed the survival rate (коэффициент выживаемости) in kidney donors
during … .
10.
This review assessed the effects of antibiotic treatment for patients with … .
11.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology, management, and
outcomes of children with … .
Упражнение 5. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Обратите
внимание, на то, что слово whether вводит придаточное дополнительное
предложение. Перевод придаточного дополнительного предложения
следует начинать с перевода сказуемого, к которому следует добавить
частицу ли
Образец:
We investigated
whether
active yogurt bacteria improve human
immunity.
Мы исследовали, повышают
ли
активные йогуртовые культуры
иммунитет человека.
1.
The purpose of this study was to reveal whether stress
worsens the clinical
symptomatology of the disease.
2.
In this study, we investigated whether nitrate therapy affords protection against
ischemic events.
3.
The aim of this study was to determine whether certain patient characteristics
could predict antibiotic use for acute bronchitis.
4.
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether thromboxane inhibition
can
affect renal perfusion.
5.
This study examined whether low-dose antibiotic therapy prevents urinary tract
infection in children.
6.
This study examined whether higher intakes (повышенное потребление) of
milk
and other calcium-rich foods during adult years can reduce the
risk of