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5. Проспективное

исследование

Е. Исследование, при котором некоторые из

участников получают не изучаемое лекарство, а

плацебо,

но не догадываются об этом

6. Ретроспективное

исследование

F. B данном исследовании

не только пациенты

но и

медицинские работники

, дающие

пациентам лекарство, не знают, что дается –

исследуемое лекарство или плацебо

7. Обсервационное

исследование

G. Исследование, при котором пациенты

распределяются на группы вмешательства и

контроля

случайным образом

8. Плацебо-

контролируемое

исследование

H. В данном исследовании изучаются

результаты

проведенных ранее

клинических исследований

9. Рандомизированное

исследование

I. Исследование, в котором участники

будут

получать исследуемое лекарственное средство

до того как наступят исходы

Упражнение 2. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая
внимание на материалы и методы исследования

One hundred adult

volunteers

participated in this

randomized prospective

study

We performed

bibliographical searches

of a surgical database.

retrospectively reviewed

the

imaging studies

from the past 5 years of 38

children.

Incidence of disease

was followed-up

for a mean period of 10.5 years

We reviewed 1597

consecutive

autopsies of HIV-positive patients performed

between 1984 and 2000.

We performed

a longitudinal analysis

of antibody titers specific for viral

antigens in 45

subjects

for a period of up to 26 years.

We performed a search of English-language literature from 1966-2004 with

particular attention to data from

randomized clinical studies

Scoring methods

have been developed to identify coronary heart disease.

We developed a rule to rule out (исключить) coronary heart disease by means

of a

logistic regression model

10.

Fourteen patients were studied according to a

randomized, double-blinded,

cross-sectional design

11.

We performed a

prospective, observational questionnaire survey

hospitalized patients with lower respiratory tract infections as part of a

multicenter cohort study

12.

Two hundred healthcare workers were

screened.

13.

Ten patients had subclinical carditis on admission, six of whom

were

followed-up

for five years.

14.

Data were collected from a

multicenter clinical cohort studies

including 672

consecutive patients

with chest pain

15.

We conducted a

randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded study

of 8 weeks

of treatment with placebo, growth hormone or testosterone.

16.

The purpose of this

population-based, case-control study

was to test

(проверить) the hypothesis that long-term mobile phone use increases the risk

of brain tumors.

17.

Detailed information about mobile phone use was collected from 371 glioma

and 273 meningioma cases and 674

controls

Выучите сокращения, которые часто встречаются в рефератах:

versus

против

immunoglobulin

иммуноглобулин

HIV

human immune deficiency
virus

ВИЧ

AIDS

acquired immune deficiency
syndrome

СПИД

CNS

central nervous system

центральная нервная
система

computed tomography

компьютерная томография

MRI

magnetic resonance imaging

магнитно-резонансная
визуализация (томография)

Упражнение 3. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обратите
внимание на используемые в них сокращения

The prevalence of HIV-related lesions in the four periods was respectively 54%,

32%, 18% and 15%; this reduction was statistically significant.

2. These neuropathological data confirm the effectiveness of antiretroviral

treatment in reducing the frequency of HIV-related CNS lesions in AIDS patients.

3. СT, pathology and surgery reports were reviewed.

4. The results of our study show the ability

of MRI to provide additional

information useful for the management of patients in cases of pelvic abscess.

5. Urinary

tract infection was present in 11% and was more commonly present

girls than in boys (33% vs 3%).

6. Blood eosinophil count and total

IgE and specific IgE were measured at 4 years

of age.

Упражнение 4. Прочитайте рефераты медицинских статей. Обратите
особое внимание на материалы и методы исследования

А. RISK OF STROKE AND HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY

Cairu Li, Gunnar Engstrom, Bo Hedblad

Maturitas, 2006, Vol. 54, Issue 1, pp. 11-18

THE PURPOSE

of this study was to examine the risk of stroke in relation to use

of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) among middle-aged and older Swedish
women.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We performed a prospective cohort study of

16,906 women, 45–73 years old, from Malmö (Máльмё), Sweden. Women were
considered as HRT users if they took systemic hormone therapy regularly.
Incidence of stroke was followed up for a mean period of 10.5 years.

RESULTS

In all, 2148 (12.7%) women used HRT. A total of 461 stroke cases

occurred during follow-up, 48 of them in HRT users. Incidence of total stroke had
no significant relation to HRT use. However, an increased risk of hemorrhagic
stroke was found in women taking estrogen. Although not significantly, the risk of
stroke was 33% lower in women who started their treatment before menopause.
Among HRT users, the risk of stroke was associated with advancing age, smoking,
excess body weight and hypertension.

CONCLUSIONS

There is no significant association between hormone therapy

and risk of total stroke in women during 10.5 years follow-up. Preparations of
estrogen and time for initiation of treatment may affect the risk of stroke.



hormone replacement therapy – гормонозамещающая терапия



stroke – удар, инсульт



however – однако, тем не менее

В.

THE EFFECTS OF GROWTH HORMONE ON BODY COMPOSITION

AND PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE IN ATHLETES

Nelson AE, Hansen JL, Clifford D

Annals of Internal Medicine, 2010, Vol. 152. Issue 9, pp. 568-577

BACKGROUND

Growth hormone is widely used by athletes, frequently with

androgenic steroids. Its effects on physical performance are unclear.

OBJECTIVE

To determine the effect of growth hormone alone or with

testosterone on body composition and performance.

DESIGN

Randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded study of 8 weeks of treatment

followed by a 6-week washout period.

PARTICIPANTS

96 athletes (63 men and 33 women) with a mean age of 27.9

years.

MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS

Men received placebo, growth hormone,

testosterone, or combined treatments. Women received either placebo or growth
hormone. Body composition and physical performance variables were analysed.

Growth  hormone  significantly  reduced  fat  mass,  increased  lean  body  mass,  and
increased  body  cell  mass  in  men  when  coadministered  with  testosterone.  Growth
hormone  significantly  increased  sprint  capacity  in  men  and  women  and  when
coadministered  with  testosterone  to  men;  other  performance  measures  did  not
significantly change.

CONCLUSION

Growth hormone influenced body composition and increased

sprint capacity when administered alone and in combination with testosterone.



physical performance – физическая работоспособность



washout period – период вымывания



sprint capacity – cкоростная способность



lean body mass – безжировая масса тела

