Файл: Семенчук И.В., Деревлёва Н.В., Князева Ю.В. - Учимся читать рефераты научных медицинских статей на англ. яз.- НОВ.pdf
ВУЗ: Не указан
Категория: Не указан
Дисциплина: Не указана
Добавлен: 03.11.2019
Просмотров: 3036
Скачиваний: 7
36
RESULTS
There is strong evidence from clinical
trials to support the treatment of
SH in older persons with
SBP of at least 160 mm Hg. The studies most strongly
support the use of thiazide diuretics
and long-acting calcium channel blockers as
first-line therapy
to treat SH.
CONCLUSIONS
Treatment of SH in older patients with SBP
of at least 160 mm
Hg is supported by strong evidence. The evidence
available to support treatment of
patients to the level of 140
mm Hg or those with baseline SBP of 140 to 159 mm
Hg is less
strong; thus, these treatment decisions should be more sensitive
to patient
preferences and tolerance of therapy.
Joint National Committee
on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and
Treatment of High
Blood Pressure – Объединённый национальный
комитет по предупреждению, выявлению, оценке и лечению высокого
артериального давления
strong evidence – веские доказательства
preferences – предпочтения
C. CHRONIC NITRATE THERAPY IS ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENT
PRESENTATION AND EVOLUTION OF ACUTE CORONARY
SYNDROMES
Allison Wyman, Brian M. Kennelly, Keith A.A. Fox et al
European Heart Journal, Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 430-438.
OBJECTIVE
In this study, we investigated whether antecedent
nitrate therapy
affords protection against ischemic events.
METHODS
We
used data from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events.
The dataset comprised 52 693 patients from 123 centers in 14
countries: 80% were
nitrate-naïve and 20%
were on chronic nitrates on admission. In nitrate-naïve
patients, admission diagnosis was ST-segment elevation myocardial
infarction
(STEMI) in 41%, whereas 59% presented with non-ST-segment
elevation acute
coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). In contrast, only
18% nitrate users showed
STEMI, whereas 82% presented with NSTE-ACS.
RESULTS
Thus, among nitrate users clinical presentation was tilted toward
NSTE-ACS by more than four-fold, STEMI occurring in less than
one of five
patients.
CONCLUSIONS
In this large multinational registry, сhronic nitrate use remained
independent predictor
of non-ST-segment
elevation acute coronary syndrome.
Randomized, placebo-controlled
trials are needed to establish whether nitrate
therapy may
pharmacologically precondition the heart toward ischaemic episodes.
37
antecedent
– предшествующий
Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events – Международный регистр
острых коронарных синдромов
nitrate-naïve – не принимавший ранее нитраты
precondition – обусловить
D. PROSPECTIVE COMPARISON OF CLINICAL AND
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS OF RHEUMATIC CARDITIS:
LONG TERM FOLLOW UP OF PATIENTS WITH SUBCLINICAL
DISEASE
M. Fernándezb, P. Valdésa, C. Wilson et al
Heart, Volume 85, Issue 4, 2001
OBJECTIVE
To determine the frequency of occurrence and long term evolution
of subclinical carditis in patients with acute rheumatic fever.
SETTING
Three general hospitals in Chile.
METHODS
35 patients fulfilling the Jones criteria for rheumatic fever underwent
clinical (auscultatory) and echocardiographic examination. Ten patients had
subclinical carditis on admission, six of whom were followed for five years.
RESULTS
Mitral or aortic regurgitation was detected by Doppler
echocardiographic imaging in 25 out of 35 rheumatic fever patients as opposed to 5
out of 35 by clinical examination. Doppler echocardiography revealed acute valvar
lesions in 10 of 20 rheumatic fever patients who had no auscultatory evidence of
rheumatic carditis (subclinical carditis). Three of these subclinical lesions and three
of the clinical or auscultatory lesions detected on admission were still present after
five years of follow up, emphasizing that subclinical lesions are not necessarily
transient.
CONCLUSIONS
Doppler echocardiographic imaging improves the detection of
rheumatic carditis. Subclinical valve lesions, detected only by Doppler imaging,
can persist. Echocardiographic findings should be accepted as a major criterion for
the diagnosis of rheumatic fever.
long term – отсроченный
Jones criteria for rheumatic fever – критерии Джонса,
применяемые для
диагностики первой атаки ревматической лихорадки
fulfill –
зд.
соответствовать
38
Выучите слова и выражения, наиболее часто употребляемые в
рефератах:
1.
airway
дыхательные пути
2.
aspirate
аспират, материал (напр. клетки, ткани),
полученный путем аспирации
3.
bacterial colonization
образование колоний бактерий,
бактериальная колонизация
4.
benefit
польза, благо
5.
chest radiograph (
Syn.
X-ray film)
рентгеновский снимок грудной клетки
6.
colonize
заселять (ткань, орган)
7.
cough
кашель
8.
culture
культура, культивирование,
выращивание (микроорганизмов), посев
культур (микроорганизмов);
культивировать, выращивать
9.
database
база данных
39
10.
definitive diagnosis
окончательный диагноз
11.
family history
семейный анамнез
12.
fever
жар, лихорадка
13.
hypopharyngeal
гипофарингеальный, подглоточный
14.
hypopharynx
гортанная часть глотки, гипофаринкс,
гортаноглотка
15.
laboratory findings
данные лабораторного исследования
16.
negative culture
культура с отсутствием роста,
отрицательный посев
17.
outpatient (
Ant.
inpatient)
амбулаторный (
ант.
стационарный)
больной
18.
physical findings
физические показатели
19.
positive
culture
культура с наличием роста,
положительный посев
20.
positive sputum culture
положительный посев мокроты
21.
predict
предсказывать, прогнозировать
22.
prescribe
прописывать
23.
provide
cнабжать, обеспечивать
24.
provider
поставщик медицинских услуг, врач,
медицинский работник
25.
recurrent
рецидивирующий, повторяющийся,
возвратный
40
26.
retrospective review
ретроспективный обзор
27.
tracheostomy
трахеостомия (вскрытие просвета трахеи
с подшиванием краев разреза трахеи к
краям разреза кожи для образования
трахеостомы)
28.
wheeze
стридор, тяжелое дыхание, одышка
Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обратите
внимание на перевод выделенных слов
1.
Despite the findings in controlled trials that antibiotics provide limited
benefit
in the treatment of acute bronchitis, physicians frequently
prescribe
antibiotics
for acute bronchitis.
2.
Charts (истории болезни)
were reviewed to document patient symptoms,
physical findings
,
provider
and patient characteristics, and treatment.
3.
No significant differences were found based on
prescribing
habits of individual
providers
or provider level of training (уровень подготовки).
4.
We investigated a possible association between
bacterial colonization
of the
hypopharynx
in asymptomatic neonates (новорожденный)
and later
development of
recurrent wheeze.
5.
Hypopharyngeal aspirates
were
cultured
from 321 neonates
at 1 month of
age.
6.
Previous studies of
chronic tracheostomy
(CT) have
concerned (касались)
mainly hospitalized patients.
7.
This was a cross-sectional study of 135 children with
presumptive diagnosis
of PTB.
8.
A total of 50 (37%) patients were diagnosed with
definitive
PTB based on
positive sputum
culture
.