Файл: Семенчук И.В., Деревлёва Н.В., Князева Ю.В. - Учимся читать рефераты научных медицинских статей на англ. яз.- НОВ.pdf
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Выучите слова и выражения, наиболее часто употребляемые в
рефератах:
1.
aneurysm
аневризма (расширение просвета кровеносного
сосуда или полости сердца вследствие
патологических изменений их стенок)
2.
antiretroviral treatment
антиретровирусная терапия
3.
benign
доброкачественный (о течении болезни, об
опухоли и т.п.)
4.
brain
infarct
мозговой инфаркт
5.
brain tumor
опухоль головного мозга
6.
concomitant
сопутствующий
7.
dual combination therapy двойная комбинированная терапия
8.
encephalitis
энцефалит (воспаление головного мозга)
9.
exacerbate
обострять, усиливать
10.
glioma
глиома (опухоль центральной нервной
системы, происходящая из клеток нейроглии)
47
11.
hasten
ускорять (какой-л. процесс и т. п.),
способствовать
12.
incidental finding
случайная находка (при исследовании)
13.
injury (Syn. damage)
повреждение, рана, травма
14.
ipsilateral
ипсилатеральный, расположенный на той же
стороне
15.
lesion
повреждение, поражение, патологическое
изменение
16.
leukoencephalopathy
лейкоэнцефалопатия
(некроз белого вещества
головного мозга)
17.
meningioma
менингиома
(
обычно доброкачественная
опухоль оболочек (чаще твёрдой) головного
или спинного мозга)
18.
neuroradiologist
нейрорентгенолог, нейрорадиолог
19.
odds ratio
коэффициент несогласия,
отношение шансов.
(отношение шансов определяется как
отношение шансов события в одной группе к
шансам события в другой группе, или как
отношение шансов того, что событие
произойдет, к шансам того, что событие не
произойдет)
20.
opportunistic disease
оппортунистические болезни (вызываемые
условно-патогенной микрофлорой при
ослабленном иммунитете)
48
21.
parietal lobe
теменная доля головного мозга
22.
pathological finding
обнаруженная патология
23.
physical medicine
физиотерапия, физическая терапия
24.
primary tumor
первичная опухоль
25.
temporal lobe
височная доля (головного мозга)
26.
traumatic brain injury
черепно-мозговая травма, травматическое
повреждение мозга
27.
triple combination
therapy
тройная комбинированная терапия
28.
white matter
белое вещество (мозга)
Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обратите
внимание на перевод выделенных слов
1.
Advances (достижения) in medicine result in the detection of asymptomatic
brain
abnormalities
, such as brain
tumors
,
aneurysms
, and subclinical
vascular pathologic changes.
2.
We conducted a study to determine the prevalence of such
incidental
brain
findings
.
3.
Two
neuroradiologists
recorded all brain
abnormalities
, including
asymptomatic
brain
infarcts
.
4.
Cerebral
aneurysms
(1.8%) and
benign primary tumors
(1.6%), mainly
meningiomas
,
were the most frequent.
5.
The CNS of 1210 patients (76%) was affected by
opportunistic diseases
, HIV-
related (ВИЧ-обусловленные)
lesions
or both.
6.
Traumatic brain
injury
initiates several metabolic processes that can
exacerbate
the
injury
.
7.
A specialist in
physical medicine
and rehabilitation evaluated the patients.
49
8.
Treatment with moderate hypothermia for 24 hours
hastened
neurologic
recovery.
9.
No risk increase was found for
ipsilateral
phone use for tumors located in the
temporal and parietal lobes.
10.
These data confirm the efficacy of
antiretroviral treatment
in reducing the
frequency of HIV-related CNS
lesions
in AIDS patients.
11.
Some patients received
dual combination therapy
and other received
triple
combination therapy.
12.
The objective of the study was
to evaluate the prevalence of HIV-related
central nervous system (CNS) lesions such as HIV-
encephalitis
and/or HIV-
leukoencephalopathy
.
13.
The prevalence of asymptomatic
brain
infarcts
and
meningiomas
increased
with age, as did the volume
of
white matter
lesions
.
14.
We evaluated the prevalence of HIV-related central nervous system
lesions
and
correlated it with the changes in
antiretroviral treatment
.
Упражнение 2. Прочитайте рефераты медицинских статей. Передайте их
содержание на русском языке по схеме
A. LONG-TERM MOBILE PHONE USE AND BRAIN TUMOR RISK
Stefan Lönn, Anders Ahlbom, Per Hall, Maria Feychting
American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 151, Issue 6, 526-535
BACKGROUND
Handheld mobile phones were introduced in Sweden during the
late 1980s.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this population-based, case-control study was to test
the hypothesis that long-term mobile phone use increases the risk of brain tumors.
METHODS
The authors identified all cases aged 20–69 years who were
diagnosed with glioma or meningioma during 2000–2002 in certain parts of
Sweden. Randomly selected controls were stratified on age, gender, and residential
area. Detailed information about mobile phone use was collected from 371 (74%)
glioma and 273 (85%) meningioma cases and 674 (71%) controls.
RESULTS
For regular mobile phone use, the odds ratio was 0.8 for glioma and
0.7 for meningioma. Similar results were found for more than 10 years' duration of
50
mobile phone use. No risk increase was found for ipsilateral phone use for tumors
located in the temporal and parietal lobes. Furthermore, the odds ratio did not
increase, regardless of tumor histology, type of phone, and amount of use.
CONCLUSIONS
This study includes a large number of long-term mobile phone
users, and it may be concluded that the data do not support the hypothesis that
mobile phone use is related to an increased risk of glioma or meningioma.
handheld – карманный
stratify – подразделять
residential area – область проживания
furthermore – более того
regardless of –независимо от
support – поддерживать
B. INCIDENTAL FINDINGS ON BRAIN MRI IN THE GENERAL
POPULATION
Meike W. Vernooij, M. Arfan Ikram., Hervé L. Tanghe
New England Journal of Medicine, 2007
BACKGROUND
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain is
increasingly
used in clinical medicine,
and scanner hardware and MRI sequences are
continually being
improved. These advances are likely to result in the detection
of
asymptomatic brain abnormalities, such as brain
tumors, aneurysms, and
subclinical vascular pathologic changes.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence of such incidental
brain findings in the
general population.
METHODS
The subjects were 2000 persons from the population-based
Rotterdam Study
in whom structural brain MRI was performed. Two experienced
neuroradiologists recorded all brain abnormalities, including asymptomatic brain
infarcts.
RESULTS
Asymptomatic brain infarcts were present in 145 persons
(7.2%).
Among findings other than infarcts, cerebral aneurysms
(1.8%) and benign primary
tumors (1.6%), mainly meningiomas,
were the most frequent. The prevalence of
asymptomatic brain
infarcts and meningiomas increased with age, as did the
volume
of white matter lesions, whereas aneurysms showed no age-related
increase
in prevalence.