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М.В. Евстифеева
ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ФОНЕТИКА
АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА
Лекции, семинары, упражнения
Рекомендовано УМО по образованию
в области подготовки педагогических кадров
в качестве учебного пособия для студентов
высших учебных заведений,
обучающихся по специальности 050303 — иностранный язык
Москва
Издательство «ФЛИНТА
»
Издательство «Наука»
2012
2
УДК 811.111’34(075.8)
ББК 81.2Англ-1-923
Е26
Евстифеева М.В.
Е26 Теоретическая фонетика английского языка. Лекции, семинары,
упражнения : учеб. пособие / М.В. Евстифеева. — М. : ФЛИНТА :
Наука, 2012. — 168 с.
ISBN 978-5-9765-1115-6 (ФЛИНТА)
ISBN 978-5-02-037670-0 (Наука)
В пособии в сжатом виде изложены основные аспекты фонетической
теории и практики английского языка в современной лингвистике; приведе-
на обобщенная информация о компонентах фонетической системы. Посо-
бие содержит лекционную часть и методические разработки к семинарским
занятиям, а также практические упражнения.
Для студентов факультетов иностранных языков педвузов.
ISBN 978-5-9765-1115-6 (ФЛИНТА)
ISBN 978-5-02-037670-0 (Наука)
© Евстифеева М.В., 2012
© Издательство «ФЛИНТА», 2012
УДК 811.111’34(075.8)
ББК 81.2Англ-1-923
Р е ц е н з е н т ы:
докт. филол. наук, профессор, ректор,
Новый гуманитарный институт
Монина Т.С.
;
канд. филол. наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков,
Владимирский государственный университет
Камайданова Н.А.
;
канд. пед. наук, доцент кафедры английского языка,
Московский государственный областной гуманитарный институт
Котова Е.Г.
3
CONTENTS
Предисловие .................................................................................................................. 6
От автора ........................................................................................................................ 8
PART I.
Lectures and Seminars
Lecture 1.
INTRODUCTION
..................................................................................... 10
§ 1. Phonetics as a science ................................................................................ 10
§ 2. Process of oral speech production .............................................................. 10
§ 3. Aspects of phonetics .................................................................................. 12
§ 4. Units and components of phonetic system ................................................. 14
§ 5. Branches of phonetics ................................................................................ 15
§ 6. Methods of phonetic analysis ..................................................................... 16
Seminar 1
...................................................................................................................... 17
Lecture 2.
MAIN ASPECTS OF FUNCTIONAL PHONETICS ................................ 19
§ 1. Phoneme: definition and functions ............................................................ 19
§ 2. Phonemes, allophones, phones: difference and relationships .................... 20
§ 3. Meaning of phonemes and allophones in teaching practice ....................... 22
§ 4. Main views of the nature of phoneme ........................................................ 24
§ 5. Methods of phonological analysis ............................................................. 25
Seminar 2
...................................................................................................................... 28
Lecture 3.
THE SYSTEM OF ENGLISH PHONEMES ............................................. 30
§ 1. Vowel and consonant phonemes ................................................................ 30
§ 2. Articulatory and phonological views on the classification
of English consonants ................................................................................ 31
2.1. General characteristics of English consonants ................................... 31
2.2. Articulatory classification .................................................................. 31
2.3. Phonological classification ................................................................. 33
2.4. Problem of affricates ........................................................................... 35
§ 3. Articulatory and phonological views on the classification
of English vowels ...................................................................................... 37
3.1. General characteristics of English vowels ........................................ 37
3.2. Articulatory classification .................................................................. 39
3.3. Phonological classification ................................................................ 42
4
3.4. Problem of diphthongs and diphthongoids ......................................... 45
3.5. Problem of vowel length .................................................................... 47
Seminar 3
....................................................................................................................... 49
Lecture 4.
MODIFICATIONS AND ALTERNATIONS
OF SPEECH SOUNDS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE ....................... 51
§ 1. Types of sound variations in connected speech ...................................... 51
§ 2. Modifications of sounds in connected speech ......................................... 52
2.1. Modifications of consonants in connected speech ....................... 52
2.2. Modifications of vowels in connected speech ................................. 56
2.3. Complex vowel and consonant modifications .................................... 57
§ 3. Notion of alternation and its types ............................................................. 57
§ 4. Problem of phoneme identification. Main phonological schools ............... 60
Seminar 4
...................................................................................................................... 61
Lecture 5.
SYLLABIC STRUCTURE OF ENGLISH WORDS ................................ 63
§ 1. Theories on syllable formation and division .............................................. 63
§ 2. Syllable formation in English .................................................................... 66
§ 3. Syllable division in English ....................................................................... 68
§ 4. Functional characteristics of the syllable ................................................... 70
§ 5. Graphic representation of syllables in English ........................................... 71
Seminar 5
...................................................................................................................... 72
Lecture 6.
WORD STRESS IN ENGLISH ................................................................. 74
§ 1. Nature of word stress ................................................................................. 74
§ 2. Placement of word stress in English ........................................................... 76
§ 3. Degrees of word stress in English .............................................................. 76
§ 4. Phonemic distribution in stressed syllables ................................................ 78
§ 5. Functions of the English word stress .......................................................... 79
§ 6. Stress tendencies in modern English .......................................................... 80
§ 7. Stress patterns of English words ................................................................ 81
§ 8. Basic rules of accentuation ........................................................................ 83
§ 9. Variations of word stress in connected speech. Sentence stress ................. 84
Seminar 6
...................................................................................................................... 86
Lecture 7.
INTONATION IN ENGLISH ................................................................... 88
§ 1. General characteristics of intonation ......................................................... 88
§ 2. Foreign views of the problem of intonation ............................................... 88
§ 3. Problem of intonation in Russian linguistics .............................................. 90