Функции причастия в предложении

1. Определение (Attribute) перед определяемым словом: a) It is a very tiring job.Это очень утомляющая работа. b) Itisatiredjoke. Это избитая шутка. после определяемого слова: a) The man standing at the door is my boss. Человек, стоящий у двери, мой начальник. b) The information presented in the article is very important. Информация, представленная в статье, очень важна

2. Обстоятельство времени, причины, образа действия (Adverbial modifiers of time, reason, manner) может стоять перед или после главного предложения: 1) He broke his arm playing hockey. Он сломал руку, играя в хоккей. 2) Having done her homework, she watched TV. Выполнив домашнюю работу, она стала смотреть телевизор. 3) Being late, Ann took a taxi.Поскольку Анна опаздывала, она взяла такси. 4) He was lying on the sofa reading a book. Он лежал на диване, читая книгу.

Примечание: В функции обстоятельства причастие может вводиться союзами when (когда), while (в то время как), if (если), unless (если не), though (хотя), as though (словно), once (раз), etc. Способы перевода – деепричастие, придаточное предложение или существительное с предлогом «при»: e.g.Whileinvestigating the murder the detective interviewed a lot of persons. Расследуя убийство, детектив опросил много людей. Когда детектив расследовал убийство, он опросил много людей. При расследовании убийства детектив опросил много людей. В функции обстоятельства времени употребляется Present Participle для первого действия, когда два действия происходят в одно и тоже время и следуют одно за другим: e.g. Switching off the lights, I fell asleep in no time. Выключив свет, я тут же уснул. (=После того как я выключил …)

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1. Practise translating the Participle. Define its form and function in the sentence:

1. 
   The young men living upstairs are very noisy.
   
2. 
   Problems facing parents should be discussed.
   
3. 
   He came up to the kids waiting for the school bell to ring.
   
4. 
   In England and Wales there are about 85 000 practising solicitors working independently or with a barrister.
   
5. 
   A broken marriage leads to a divorce.
   
6. 
   A partner seeking a divorce can do so with or without the aid of a solicitor.
   
7. 
   So far the police haven’t identified the body found in the Thames.
   
8. 
   The corporation shut down the plant, leaving many workers unemployed.
   
9. 
   The company has opened a new factory, creating many new jobs.
   
10. 
    I stayed at work rather late, missing my last train home.
    
11. 
    Not having a ticket, I wasn’t able to go to the concert yesterday.
    
12. 
    When leaving the crime scene, the criminal left some traces.
    
13. 
    If blowing your nose in public, you can shock Japanese considering it to be a social insult.
    
14. 
    The man came out of the house accompanied by two policemen.
    
15. 
    Having passed his driving test, he was able to buy his first car.
    
16. 
    A specimen taken shows that the driver has exceeded the permitted level of alcohol.
    
17. 
    The man injured in the accident was taken to hospital.
    
18. 
    A driver involved in an accident should not make a statement immediately after the accident, even if asked.
    
19. 
    Once living in Los Angeles, Brad became one of those ever-optimistic movie wannabes (жаждущийславыиденег).
    
20. 
    Unless being kept a watch on, a criminal can escape.
    
21. 
    “Did you get the car stolen?” said he as though surprised.
    

2. Study the difference of Participle I and Participle II. Go on to use the correct form of the Participle in the sentences given below:

boring book interesting subjects exciting games burning building tiring jobs relaxing holidays embarrassing situation

bored students interested audience excited crowd burnt building tired workers relaxed embarrassed smile

1. 
   I have read that new book. It’s very (bore). I got (bore) with it right from the start. You are sure to be (bore) with any book like that.
   
2. 
   We enjoyed our holiday at the seaside. It was very (relax).
   
3. 
   Tom is not going to the lecture. He is not (interest) in the subject.
   
4. 
   We haven’t seen our boss for several days. It’s a bit (worry).
   
5. 
   When teenagers stay out late, their parents can’t help feeling (worry).
   
6. 
   Don’t turn off the lights. The baby will get (frighten) of the dark.
   
7. 
   When I fell I didn’t hurt myself but it was very (embarrass).
   
8. 
   George had an (embarrass) smile on his face when he happened to spill coffee on the carpet.
   
9. 
   While (interview) the President of the company try to avoid any (embarrass) questions about their finances.
   
10. 
    A crowd of (excite) people were watching the firemen trying to save the (burn) building.
    
11. 
    Archaeologists have made an (excite) discovery recently.
    
12. 
    I don’t know what was written in the (burn) letter. I didn’t read it.
    

3. Rewrite the following sentences using suitable participle phrases:

e.g. Jack burnt his finger while he was lighting a fire. (While) lighting a fire Jack burnt his finger

1. 
   The car turned over while it was skidding on the wet road.
   
2. 
   People who play loud music late at night can be a real nuisance.
   
3. 
   My brother, who has split with his wife, wants to move in with me (переехать ко мне).
   
4. 
   She fell asleep while she sat in the armchair.
   
5. 
   As they had not been arrested they were able to leave the police station.
   
6. 
   So far nobody has claimed (заявить права/притязания) the money we discovered under the floorboard.
   
7. 
   As I am not very good at figures I’ll let you do the accounts.
   
8. 
   He was the new minister who was appointed by the President.
   
9. 
   After he had been fired, Daniel could not find a well-paid job.
   
10. 
    Because he had been unemployed for so long, Jack despaired of ever finding a job.
    
11. 
    If you give them enough time, the engineers will be able to find the fault.
    
12. 
    Due to the fact that I hadn’t registered, I was unable to vote in last week’s election.
    
13. 
    Most of the English Constitution is unwritten, it has developed in response to events over the centuries.
    
14. 
    The conference which is being held at the University now is devoted to atomic energy.
    

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Complex Object with Participle

Сложное дополнение с причастием

Структура	Вводный глагол: s ee hear feel watch I saw	объектное местоимение him Tom	+ Participle I crossing the street.
Перевод	Я видел, как он (Том) переходил улицу. подлежащее сказуемое п ридаточного дополнительного предложения

I. Глаголы, вводящие «Complex Object»: see, hear, feel, find, notice, watch (Participle I, II); smell, keep, leave, imagine (Participle I); think, consider, know, understand (Participle II)

II. В структурах «Complex Object» после глаголов восприятия:

• 
  причастие описывает часть действие в процессе: Iheardhimtalkingonthephone. Я слышал, как он говорит по телефону (но не весь разговор).
  
• 
  инфинитив обозначает завершенное действие (от начала до конца): Iheardhimtalkonthephone. Я слышал, как он говорил по телефону (весь разговор).
  

4. Practise translating the following sentences:

1. 
   We watched the young couple signing a marriage contract.
   
2. 
   I heard these facts mentioned at the conference.
   
3. 
   I thought her happily married.
   
4. 
   I can smell something burning in the kitchen.
   
5. 
   She imagined him lying in the battle field.
   
6. 
   The girl left her parents quarrelling, as she felt her tears rising.
   
7. 
   The girl said she had once seen a murder committed.
   
8. 
   He entered the room suddenly and found the boys smoking.
   
9. 
   If you see a lot of money lying in the street, will you take it to the police station?
   
10. 
    If you hear someone screaming, what will you do?
    
11. 
    He watched vacantly the people laughing, talking and moving in front of him.
    

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5. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct participle or infinitive form:

:	A: B:	Is Anne at the party? Yes, I can see her dancing (dance) with her husband over there.
	A: B	Did you see the robber? Yes, I saw him ____ (get) into the car and ___ (drive) away.
	A: B	Is John here today? Yes, I heard him ___ (talk) on the phone as I passed his office.
	A: B	Chris is good at speaking in public, isn’t he? Yes, I heard him ___ (make) a speech last month. It was excellent.
	A: B	I walked past the sports centre today. So did I. I even stopped for a moment to watch some boys ___ (play) football.
	A: B	Your hair looks great today. Thanks. I watched the hairdresser ___ (dry) it so I could learn how to do it myself.
	A: B	That’s a music school, isn’t it? That’s right. I often hear the students ___ (play) the piano as I walk past.
	A: B	Did you stay until the end of the figure skating contest? Yes, I listened to the chairman ___ (announce) the results before I went home.
	A: B	How do you know Tim is at home? I saw him ___ (cut) the grass as I was driving home.
	A: B	How do you know that man stole the bottle of shampoo? I saw him ___ (put) it in his pocket and leave the shop without paying.

Causative with Participle II

Понудительный оборот с причастием II

Структура	Вводный глагол: have get I have	+ object + Participle II my car repaired.
Перевод	Мне отремонтировали машину. Причастие II обозначает услугу, выполняемую другим лицом по Вашему желанию, или случившуюся неприятность e.g. She had her purse stolen. Унеёукраликошелёк. Get употребляется в ситуациях неофициального общения. Повелительное наклонение с get звучит менее вежливо, чем с have. e.g. Mother told her son, “Your hair is too long. Getitcut!” Мама сказала сыну: «У тебя слишком длинные волосы. Постригись!»

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6. Practise translating the following sentences:

1. 
   We have this medicine tested on animals.
   
2. 
   He has the car fitted with an alarm.
   
3. 
   At the customs they had their suitcases searched for drugs and explosive.
   
4. 
   They had their most glamorous wedding featured in the pages of “Hello” magazine to date.
   
5. 
   No problem. I’ll have the figures printed out and on your desk by lunchtime.
   
6. 
   They called the police to have the shoplifters prosecuted (возбудить уголовное дело).
   
7. 
   I wonder when we’ll get fuel taxes reduced.
   

7. Practise using have + object + Participle II in answering the questions:

e.g. – Do you clean the windows yourself? – No, I have the windows cleaned.

1. 
   Does he wash his car himself?
   
2. 
   Was it Tom who stole a car?
   
3. 
   Is the boss going to type the report himself?
   
4. 
   Did you repair the computer yourself?
   
5. 
   Does the pianist tune his piano himself?
   
6. 
   Are you going to teach your children yourself?
   
7. 
   Did he build his new cottage himself?
   
8. 
   Does the Queen write the speech herself?
   
9. 
   Does the President gather the latest information himself?
   
10. 
    Does he cook his food himself?
    
11. 
    Did you translate the English text yourself?
    

5. Complete the sentences with the correct form of have/get and Participle II. Make use of the words in brackets:

1. 
   Is it true that two years ago Chris _____ (his car / steal)?
   
2. 
   The boxer ______ (his nose / break) in that fight.
   
3. 
   Jack ____ (his fingerprints / take) at the police station when arrested.
   
4. 
   Peter ____ (his car / clean) in the garage.
   
5. 
   This pop-star ____ (all her clothes / make) for her in Paris.
   

TOPIC ACTIVITIES
READING & SPEAKING
1. Learn the following words:

to split	разделять
consecutive	последовательный
appointment	назначение
subject to	подлежащий
consent	согласие
resignation	уход с должности, отставка
submission	представление
judge	судья
Prosecutor-General	генеральный прокурор
proposal	предложение
to relieve	освобождать
endorsement	утверждение
dismissal	освобождение от должности
introduction	внесение
Supreme Commander-in-Chief	Верховный главнокомандующий
sign	подписывать
resolution	разрешение
issue	вопрос
citizenship	гражданство
to grant	предоставлять
asylum	убежище
to award	награждать
chairman	председатель
to approve	одобрять
to submit	представлять
to ensure	обеспечивать
implementation	реализация
social security	соцзащита
property	собственность

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