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UNIT 2
Higher Education in Russia and Abroad
In this unit you will:
Read
about higher education in Britain, United States and Russia; The
Univers ity of C hicago ;
College and University Degrees in the
USA
Talk
about higher educational systems in different countries
Test
your knowledge about basics of higher education
Practice
summarizing, presenting, comparing, interviewing
Listen
to the staff members of US University
Write
theses to give an oral presentation, an article, an advertisement, an
Application
1.LEAD-IN
1a Read the following quotations. Say which sayings sound optimistic.
Comment on the idea of one of the saying.
The modern world belongs to the half-
educated, a rather difficult class, because they
do not realize how little they know.
~William
R. Inge
The foundation of every state is the
education of its youth.
~
Diogenes Laertius
I think education is power. I think that being able to communicate with
people is power. One of my main goals on the planet is to encourage people to
empower themselves.
~
Oprah Winfrey
Graduation is only a concept. In real life every day you graduate. Graduation
is a process that goes on until the last day of your life. If you can grasp that,
you’ll make a difference.
~
Arie Pencovici
Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever.
~
Mahatma Gandhi
1b Read the sayings again paying attention to the names of their authors.
What do you know about them (and their education)? What countries are
they from?
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1c Look at the pictures and try to guess in what countries these pictures were
taken? Describe the pictures in 3 – 4 sentences.
What do you know about different approaches and systems of education in
different countries?
2.READING AND SPEAKING
2a
Read the text and take down notes summarizing each paragraph.
HIGHER EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN
The quality of a country's future life, commercially industrially and
intellectually, depends on the quality of its education system.
The state in the UK
provides a full range of higher education.
Having completed a compulsory education,
16 year-olds take the school-
leaving
General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE)
exams - in a range
of subjects. After that they may start work, remain at school or go to college
of
f
urther education.
Other students prefer to pursue work-based training
such as
General National Vocational Qualifications (GNVQs),
which provide skills and
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knowledge some in vocational areas such as
business, engineering,
etc. Having
completed GCSEs most students usually specialize in
three to four subjects
leading to General Certificate of Education
(GCE) A Levels. Others can take
higher grade GNVQs.
Many students then move towards higher education training at universities,
colleges and institutes offering studies at degree level and higher. Pupils going on
to higher education or professional training usually take "A" level examinations
in two or three subjects. Universities accept students mainly on the basis of their
"A" level results, although they may interview them as well. In 1971 the Open
University was started, where these formal qualifications are not necessary.
Nearly a quarter of all adult part-time students follow its degree courses on radio
and television.
The most common degree courses usually take three years of full-time study
to complete, although a number of subjects take longer, including medicine,
architecture and foreign languages (where courses include a year abroad). They
lead in most cases to the Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Science (BSc),
Bachelor of Education (BEd), Bachelor of Engineering (BEng) and Bachelor of
Laws (LLB). Master degrees for those undertaking, further study include the
Master of Arts (MA), Master of Science (MSc), Master of Business
Administration (MBA) and Master of Laws (LLM). Then there are research-
based postgraduate courses leading to the Master of Philosophy (MPhil) and
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD/DPhil). The last two are awarded for research in arts
or sciences.
Degrees are awarded either by the institution itself, or by the Council for National
Academic Awards, particularly in vocational areas. Students of law, architecture
and some other professions can take qualifications awarded by their own
professional bodies instead of degrees.
At present, students who have been accepted by universities or other
institutions of higher education receive a grant from their local authority, which
covers the cost of the course, and may cover living expenses. Parents with higher
incomes are expected to make a contribution. Until 1990 the grant did not have to
be paid back, but now a system of loans has been introduced.
There are forty-seven universities in Britain and thirty former polytechnics
(now also universities), plus 350 colleges and institutes of higher education
(some of which train teachers). The most famous British universities are, of
course, Oxford and Cambridge called “Oxbridge” and famous for their academic
excellence.
2b Find the English equivalents for:
Качество системы образования; закончить обязательное образование;
сдавать выпускные экзамены; экзамен на сертификат об общем среднем
образовании;
колледж
дальнейшего
образования;
осуществлять
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профессиональную подготовку; курс, ведущий к получению сертификата
общей
национальной
профессиональной
квалификации;
обеспечить
получение
навыков
и
знаний
в
профессиональных
областях;
специализироваться в ч-л; перейти к высшему образованию; предлагать
программы, ведущие к получению степеней; выпускной экзамен
продвинутого уровня; принимать студентов; на основе; провести
собеседование; открытый университет; формальные результаты; студент
заочник / вечерник; проходить курс, ведущий к получению степени;
занимать три года; бакалавр искусств / наук / образования / инженерных
наук / юриспруденции; степень магистра; курсы, ведущие к получению
научной
степени;
присуждать
степень;
национальный
совет
по
присуждению ученых степеней; область профессионального обучения;
сдавать экзамены; профессиональный орган / совет; получать стипендию;
местный орган власти; покрывать расходы; стоимость проживания;
возместить расходы; возвращать деньги; ввести систему займов; бывший
политехнический институт; ВУЗ; быть известным; великолепное качество
обучения.
2c Answer the questions:
1.
What is necessary to get higher education?
2.
What types of higher educational establishments are there in the UK?
3.
What courses of study are offered by higher education establishments?
4.
What is the procedure of awarding degrees?
5.
What are the conditions of receiving grants?
6.
What are the Oxbridge universities famous for?
2d Translate into English:
1.
В университеты принимают студентов в соответствии с результатами
сдачи ими экзаменов продвинутого уровня.
2.
В открытом университете не нужны формальные результаты; курс
обучения предполагает получение степени.
3.
В открытом университете учатся взрослые студенты-вечерники и
заочники.
4.
Вузы Великобритании подразделяются на следующие типы:
университеты (в том числе бывшие политехнические институты),
колледжи и институты.
5.
Обучение на дневном отделении обычно длится три года и более.
6.
Обучение студентов обычно приводит к получению степени
бакалавра гуманитарных или естественных наук.
7.
Степень магистра присуждается за исследования в области
гуманитарных или естественных наук.
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8.
Исследовательские курсы, подводящие к получению степеней выше
бакалавра, могут привести к степеням магистра философии или
доктора философии.
9.
Экзамены на присуждение степеней сдаются в вузе, Национальном
совете по присуждению ученых степеней или в профессиональных
органах.
10.
Студенты получают стипендии от местных органов власти, которые
обязательно покрывают стоимость обучения и иногда — стоимость
проживания.
11.
Была введена система займов, и сейчас студенты должны возвратить
стипендию.
12.
Университеты
Оксбриджа
известны
великолепным
качеством
обучения.
2e Close your books and talk about the system of higher education in Great
Britain.
3.SPEAKING AND WRITING
3a Write a paragraph to show the main features of British higher education.
3b Do some project work:
1.
Find information in the Internet illustrating the differences of educational
systems in England, Scotland, Wales and the Northern Ireland.
2.
Make a power-point presentation showing the results of your survey and
present it to the class.
4.READING AND SPEAKING
4a Look at the pictures and discuss with your partner.
1.
What do you know about the people in the pictures? What made them
famous?
2.
How can good education influence the future success of a person?