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hac.-i/ ani/ilIa 0lvac.-i/Q c.-t;;t.
li�am k:rtTnam t;;i/itl
c.-�I hac.-i/ ani/il/a 0lc.-V'mQnii/Q c.-t;;t.
pc.-V'Ttc. G-Ot'it c.-t t;;vQv'ita i/Qntat c.-t . . .
WO R DS TO H E LP
Guns
catenis
(f pl) chains
edicta
(n pl) placards
mercatus
(m) market
pretium
(n) price
tribunal
(n) platform
venalicius
(m) slave-dealer
vita
(f) life
Vetbs
constituunt
they agree
debemus
we must
gerunt
they wear
redeunt
they return
scit
she knows
Participles
positas
positioned/placed
tradita
handed over
vinctos
tied up
N.B. The name
Trifosa
means "delicious" !
t;;atit;;1 ani/il/a 0lc.-v'rYlQnii/Q
mihi plai/c.-t.
Aclvetbs
satis!
enough
timide
nervously / timidly
Acliectives
Hispanicus/a/um
Spanish
melior
better
novus/alum
new
G RAS P T H E G RA M M A R
Can you find the
participle
in picture
2?
Now look at the noun it is describing and look closely
at the endings of both the
noun
and the
participle.
The slaves are described by the
participle: vinctos
(tied up). The participle has to be masculine and plural, because the
slaves are masculine and plural.
Remember, a participle must be the same number,
gender and case as the noun it is describing.
Now look at pictures 3, 5 and
9·
I n each case, find the
participle
and
then the
noun that it is describing.
Candidus says that choosing between slave girls must be rather like the
beauty contest in which Paris had to judge between three goddesses.
He tells Trifosa the story.
THE BEAUTY CONTEST
The goddess of strife, Eris, came uninvited to a wedding feast and caused
trouble by bringing with her a golden apple. On this apple were engraved, in
Greek, the words "To the fairest" . Three goddesses, Hera, Athene and
Aphrodite, each hoped to be awarded this prize. Zeus, the king of the gods, was
reluctant to make the decision himself and asked the Trojan prince, Paris, to be
the judge of the competition. The messenger god, Hermes, took the three
goddesses to Mount Ida near Troy and told Paris to choose the most beautiful.
Each of the three goddesses tried to bribe him. Hera offered Paris power and
wealth, Athene offered wisdom and military victories while Aphrodite offered
him the most beautiful woman in the world, Helen of Sparta. Paris gave the
apple to Aphrodite and went to Sparta to claim his prize. He abducted Helen
(who was already married to a Greek king) and they sailed off to Troy. This
sparked off the Trojan wars, and it explains why Helen's face is known as "the
face that launched a thousand ships" .
The new headquarters
Rufus and Flavius are walking around Eboracum. Everyone seems to be involved
with the new building projects.
C-U-G-I �au.-avIT �axa, In
IaplaJTnT� �c-e--ta, povtant.
tvm opc-vavlT �axa, ,n
plav�tvT� tvae--ta,
c,c.-u/I �vvlptov-�
c..olvr'V1na� �vvlpvnt.
WO R DS TO H E LP
aedificium
(n) building
agrimensores
(m pI)
surveyors
cervesia
(f) beer
designatio
(f) plan
groma
(f) groma (surveying
instrument)
lapicidinae
(f pI) quarry
operarii
(m pI) labourers
principia
(n pI) headquarters
saccarii
(m pI) dockers
terra
(f) ground
cessant
they stop
complanant
they level
confirm ant
they check
designamus
we design
incipiunt
they begin
inspiciunt
they inspect
sculpunt
they carve
tollunt
they lift
Participles
ius si
ordered
secta
cut
tracta
dragged
�c,d opaav-iT vc,c;c;ant.
, c;vntl vc,yvc,�iar'V1 bibvntl
Act
1
ec:h \
'
e5
ignavus/aJum
lazy
invltus/aJum
unwilling
G RAS P TH E G RA M M A R
Once again, look carefully at all the verbs. What
parts
of the verb can you recognise?
There are three more
participles,
in pictures
1, 2
and
10.
Find them and rem ind yourself of what each one
mean s. Can you see which noun they agree with?
If you look carefu l ly you will also find one exam ple of a n
infin itive a n d one im perative. F i n d them a n d translate them.
LATI N ROOTS
Use your knowledge of Latin to explain the underlined word in each sentence.
1
We spent our biology lesson
frogs.
2
If you work
you can expect to do well in the examinations.
3
Talking to yourself is said to be a sign of
madness.
4
Why did the ancient world give the name Mediterranean to that sea?
(Clue:
medius
means "middle" in Latin.)
ROMAN REPO RT
Construction work at Eboracum
The first fortress at Eboracum was constructed of timber. It was built
by the legionary soldiers who arrived in
AD
72.
In the early years of the
second century
AD,
the decision was made to replace it with a stone
building. Building in stone was still quite unusual and the local Celtic
people would have viewed the construction work with amazement and
possibly with some alarm. As well as making a more permanent and
comfortable base for themselves, the Roman soldiers were giving a clear
message that they were here to stay.
This major period of building activity would have required tons of stone.
The stone was brought to Eboracum from the Pennines and was transported
along the River Ouse by barge and then by cart to the building sites.
The most important building was the military headquarters, or
principia
.
It was built on the site of the present York Minster and was probably just
as imposing. You can still see the
foundations of the building in the
undercroft of the Minster. It was
massive and would have required
a huge number of builders,
surveyors, sculptors and general
labourers. The building work
would have caused great interest
and excitement in Eboracum.
Model from the undercroft, York Minster