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B. Give the opposite of the following adjectives.

Careful; helpful; cheerful; lucky; fair; friendly; sincere; tolerant; capable; patient; polite; responsible; resolute; hard-working; quiet; cruel; strong; scruffy; broad-minded; strong-willed; good-mannered; good-natured.
C. Make adjectives from the following words. Add or remove suffixes. Sometimes you can form two adjectives. Make sure you understand all the words. Consult a dictionary if you are not sure.

Attend, prevent, defend, width, help, care, possibility, history, interest, thickness, cheer, remove, affect, effect, steel, justice, freedom, depend, rely, accept, character, experience, express, fame, fate, stone, guilt, patience, differ, delight, anxiety, respect, jealousy, luck, kindness, mistake, optimist, prefer, popularity, instance, darkness, accident, meaning, addition, agree, favour, silk, confidence, conclusion, change, time, honour, fashion, enlarge, proficiency, recognize, response, sadness, sense, use, fun, act, length, wisdom, probability, strength, success, ground, automat, nation, develop, satisfy, safety, product, vary, finish, hardship, mystery, glory, peace, comfort, know, compare, nature, educate, warmth, wave, wool, certainty, necessity, species, ease, wind, trust, live, profession, simplicity, wonder.
D. Read this short story by W. Somerset Maugham and fill in the blanks with the appropriate articles. Retell the story.

This happened in Vienna at … beginning of 1922. I was slowly walking along one of … main streets of … city and though … day was warm and sunny everything seemed gloomy to me as I was out of … work.

I had no … idea whom to ask for … help. Suddenly I remembered that … friend of mine, John Smith by name, had been working as … editor in Vienna for … last few months. I got in touch with him and we made … appointment for that evening.

When I told him my story he smiled and said happily, “I can help you. Listen – ” … matter was that his boss wishing to get … greater profits had decided to publish … number of … detective novels which were to be translated from Spanish. They needed … man who could do it for them.

“So you will do it,” he finished.

“How can I do it? I don’t know Spanish.”

“It doesn’t matter,” answered he. “I dislike … detective stories. Any translation will do.” I protested, he insisted, I protested, he insisted and at last he got me to agree to do it.

“Here is … novel, and some money in … advance. … rest you’ll get after you have finished it. I guarantee … good money,” he added. “I give you four days. Not more.” With these words he went away.

I was at … loss what to do. Then I went to … cheap restaurant where I knew I would meet my friends. There I found Hans. We all believed he knew at least five or six languages including … Spanish. I asked him to translate … novel. After some time he said, “You see I’ve been out of … practice lately. But I’ll help you. I’ll take … novel, read it and then tell you … contents.” I liked … plan.
In some two or three days I wrote down … contents of … book and went to … editor. Smith was too busy to listen to what I wanted to tell him. “Here is your money. You earned it honestly. See you one of these days,” he said and went out. Later on I met Hans and gave him half … money.

“I think I ought to study Spanish,” he said taking … money.

“But don’t you know it?” I asked him in … great surprise.

“Certainly, I don’t,” he said. “I told you … contents of … English detective novel, I only changed … English names for Spanish.”

I immediately phoned Smith but couldn’t get him on … phone. Some weeks later I met him and told him … truth. I expected him to get angry. Nothing of … kind. He said laughing. “I’m glad I asked you to translate … book. It’s so terrible that … people will never touch another detective story after they have read yours.”

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ГЛАВА 4. СКОЛЬКО-СКОЛЬКО? HOW MUCH DID YOU SAY?



Речь, мой дорогой читатель, пойдет сейчас о тех словах, которые говорят о количестве, то есть отвечают на вопрос «сколько?».

В языке за это отвечают числительные и количественные определители.
§1. Числительные. Numerals.

1. Употребление числительных

Никаких особых сложностей, связанных с употреблением числительных в английском языке, нет.

Точно так же, как и в русском языке, они бывают количественными и порядковыми: oneday – один день; thefirstday – первый день. Форма образуется с помощью –th (eleven – eleventh) для всех числительных, кроме 1,2,3 (first, second, third). Не забудьте только поставить определенный артикль перед порядковым числительным.

Числительные hundred, million, billion употребляются в единственном числе, если перед ними имеется любое числительное или неопределенный артикль, соответствующий цифре 1. Если о точном количестве речи нет (мы говорим тысячи и тысячи людей), их нужно поставить в форму множественного числа.

E.G.TwentymillionRussianpeoplediedintheWorldwar П. – Двадцать миллионов россиян погибло во время Второй мировой войны.

Millions of Russian people died in the World war П. – МиллионыроссиянпогибливовремяВтороймировойвойны.
Года прочитываются двузначными числами:

1738 – seventeenthirty-eight

2005 – twenty “oh” five

1900 – nineteen “oh” “oh”
Простые дроби в бытовых ситуациях произносятся как

½ - (a) half

1/3 – (a) third) 2/3 – two thirds

¼ - (a) quarter ¾ - three quarters

запомним:

полчаса – half an hour

полторачаса – an hour and a half

В математике дроби произносят как

5/8 – fiveovereight

4/7 – fouroverseven

Десятичные дроби читают так:

10. 28 – ten point two eight

7.035 – seven point “oh” three five

0.055 – nought /zero/oh point oh five five

Кстати, обратите внимание, что дробная часть числа отделяется точкой, а не запятой, как принято в русском языке. Запятой они отделяют тысячи:

4,761,507 – 4 million, 7 hundred and 61 thousand, 5 hundred and 7
Номера телефонов, комнат и гостиничных номеров, рейсов самолетов

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и т.п. нужно произносить по одной цифре:

53-66-07 – five-three-double six-“oh”-seven

рейс 309 – flight three-“oh”-nine
Время на часах можно передать двумя способами:

* в расписаниях, программах и т.д.

12.30 (дня) – twelve thirty p.m.

12.35 (ночи) – twelve thirty-five a.m.

* в бытовых ситуациях

12.00 – twelve o’clock

12.30 – half past twelve

12.15 – a quarter past twelve

12.45 – a quarter to one

12.55 – fivetoone

арифметические действия:

1 + 2 = 3 - one and/plus two makes/is/equals to three

3 – 2 = 1 - three minus/ subtracted by two makes/is/equals to one

2 x 3 =6 – two multiplied by three makes/is/equals to six; twice three is six

6 : 3 = 2 – six divided by three makes/is/equals to two

проценты:

не ставьте слово perCENT во множественное число и делайте ударение на второй слог.

25% - twenty five percent

степени:

10² - ten squared

10³ – ten cubed

√6 – the square root of six

деньги:

$ 10.55 – ten dollars fifty-five

The current rate is 205 pesetas to the pound.

2. Производные числительных

Once, twice, three (four etc.) times – однажды (один раз), дважды, трижды и т.д. говорят о количестве повторений действия или качества:

E.G.Wehavequarrelstwiceaweek. – Мы ссоримся два раза в неделю.

Mrs. Twiggistwiceasbigasherfeeblehusband. – Миссис Твигг вдвое крупнее своего тщедушного мужа.

Onefold, twofold, threefold, manifold – в один (2, 3, много) раз – говорят о кратности:

E.G.Shebentthreefold. – Она согнулась в три погибели.

Prices have risen twofold. – Ценывозросливдвое.

Single, double, triple, quadruple – одинарный, двойной, тройной, четверной:

E.G. double extension – двойноерасширение

triple fraud – тройнойобман

uni-, bi-, tri-, quadri- - одно-, двух-, трех-, четырех-

E.G. a bilateral agreement – двустороннеесоглашение

aquadrilingualdictionary – словарь на четырех языках
Потренируемся?
Упражнение1.

а) прочитайте вслух числительные.

12,789; 0.20; 4,068,743; 60.5; 28,676,492; 10,859,332; 3,006,875; 47,583,625; 10.0455; 12,005; 3.057; 10,555.05; 14.018; 2,005.55

б) прочитайте порядковые числительные.

первый, двадцатый, семьдесят второй, четвертый, девятнадцатый, второй, шестьдесят третий, сто восемьдесят пятый, девяносто восьмой, сто четырнадцатый, пятьдесят первый, шестнадцатый, пятидесятый, девятый.

в) прочитайте вслух числительные, означающие года.

1278, 2005, 1917, 1999, 1015, 1682, 1802, 1966, 1989, 1307, 1480, 2003, 1610, 1597, 1169, 1060, 1309, 1790, 1800, 1905, 2000, 1408, 1387, 1694, 1728

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Упражнение 2. Скажите, который час.

13.05; 18.30; 14.45; 19.50; 16.40; 0.00; 12.00; 17.04; 9.55; 11.25; 21.20; 22.50; 16.30; 17.48; 14.12; 17.55; 10.30; 22.00; 23.30; 13.57; 9.12; 14.42; 17.30

Упражнение 3.

a) Произнесите вслух номера телефонов.

52-78-80; 50-03-37; 22-17-90; 42-75-94; 22-23-34; 90-17-33; 53-66-00; 8-917-3445600; 8-927-6333983; 8-904-6886009; 8-960-7704550

б) Научитесь быстро и правильно говорить номера всех своих телефонов и телефонов ваших родных и друзей.

E.G. My home number is…

My work number is…

My cell phone number is…

My father’s work number is…

My best friend’s home number is…

Упражнение 4. Прочитайте предложения, используя правильную форму числительных.

1. 
   My birthday is on … of… .
   
2. 
   They got flat (40) on (5) floor in house (123).
   
3. 
   Find file (11) and correct (2) sentence.
   
4. 
   Catherine (2) put a monument to Peter (1) in St. Petersburg.
   
5. 
   – What is the date today? – It’s … of … today.
   
6. 
   Read (3) paragraph.
   
7. 
   The witch is (121) today.
   
8. 
   They are celebrating their (15) anniversary on Saturday.
   
9. 
   Take (1) turning to the right.
   
10. 
    You’ll find text (12) on (30) page.
    
11. 
    We live on (6) floor.
    
12. 
    Is (2) o’clock all right with you?
    
13. 
    There are more than (200) languages spoken in Nigeria.
    
14. 
    A century is a (100) years.
    
15. 
    In the jungle the pirates were attacked by (1 000 000) of mosquitoes.
    
16. 
    If you need money badly we can give you a loan of (200) dollars.
    
17. 
    Will you give me (2) chance?
    
18. 
    (2) song will certainly become a hit.
    
19. 
    He was said to have salted away (4 000 000) dollars.
    
20. 
    There are (300) kinds of macaroni in Italy.
    
21. 
    Statistics say that more than (4 000 000) adults in Britain have trouble with reading and writing.
    

Упражнение 5. Вставьте артикль, если он нужен.

1. 
   Today in court we are listening to … case 243.
   
2. 
   … second part of the book was much more interesting than … first one.
   
3. 
   … participle 1 is used for building up progressive tenses.
   
4. 
   … second participle is used to build up Passive forms.
   
5. 
   … flight 579 starts at five sharp.
   
6. 
   The planes came again for … second attack.
   
7. 
   Let’s regard it as… first step, just … beginning.
   
8. 
   It was … first-night and the actors were nervous.
   
9. 
   … exercise 27 begins at … page 44.
   
10. 
    … year passed, then … second, then … third, but there was still no news.
    
11. 
    They agreed to meet on … Fifth Avenue near … Building 112.
    
12. 
    … two years in Africa taught him a lot.
    
13. 
    … flat 55 is on … fifth floor.
    
14. 
    This style was in fashion in … eighties.
    
15. 
    It was … fifty-fifty deal.
    
16. 
    She was … third-year medical student.
    

Упражнение 6. Прочитайте примеры и решите их.

1. 
   23 and 36 is… .
   
2. 
   3 times 8 is… .
   
3. 
   64 divided by 8 equals … .
   
4. 
   80 minus 20 is… .
   
5. 
   65 divided by 10 is … .
   
6. 
   Add 10 and 5, multiply by 8, then subtract 40 and divide by 11. What have you got left?
   
7. 
   Divide 33 by 11, multiply by 7, and subtract 16. What number is left?
   
8. 
   34 + 12 = …
   
9. 
   15 x 4 = … .
   
10. 
    10 ³ = … .
    
11. 
    (17 + 13) : 3 = … .
    
12. 
    159 – 21 = … .
    
13. 
    √169 – 3 = … .
    
14. 
    12 x 5 = … .
    
15. 
    48 : (6 – 2) = … .
    

Упражнение 7. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. 
   When were you born?
   
2. 
   How much do you weigh?
   
3. 
   What is the number of the flat and the house you live in?
   
4. 
   Is that an odd or an even number?
   
5. 
   What is the approximate population of your town?
   
6. 
   What is the approximate population of your country?
   
7. 
   What is the normal temperature of a healthy person?
   
8. 
   How many kilometers are there in a mile?
   
9. 
   How many years are there in a millennium?
   
10. 
    How many students are there in your group?
    
11. 
    How far is it to Moscow?
    
12. 
    What is the approximate number of fiction books you have read?
    
13. 
    What is your home address?
    
14. 
    How much money do you usually spend a week?
    
15. 
    How far is it from your house to the city centre?
    

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