Файл: I am in love with english.doc

“Ma’am,” replies the bellboy, “this isn’t your room. It’s the elevator.”

C. Ask questions indicated in the brackets. All the sentences are passive.

1. Such equipment is sold in special shops. (in what shops?) 2. These files must be returned in two hours. (when?) 3. This picture gallery was destroyed by the fire. (how?) 4. This work can be done in two days. (in how many days?) 5. The money will be spent on medicine. ( on what?) 6. Such questions are often asked by children. (by whom?) 7. The post will be delivered at 7 o’clock. (when?) 8. New roses have been planted in her garden. (what?) 9. The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell. (who?) 10. Rice is grown in many countries. (where?) 11. A new house is being built on Elm Street. (what?) 12. This report must be signed by Mr. Hardy. (who?) 13. These data will have been collected by the end of the year. (by what time?)
D. Use the words in the brackets to form a word that fits in each space. The first one is done for you.

a) I have to bring a matter to your attention (attend). Unfortunately we have received a lot of ____________ (complain) from customers about late __________ (deliver) of parcels. I have come to the _____________ (conclude) that the new system we introduced last month is a complete ____________ (fail). This seems to be due to a _____________ (combine) of factors, but one of the most important ones is that some ___________ (employ) are not very responsible. The union __________ (represent) say it’s not the workers but the _____________ (manage) who are at fault. What is clear is that we have to improve ___________ (communicate) within the company. Nowadays there’s a lot of ____________ (compete) in the messenger service industry and we can’t afford to be less than the best.
b) Although my two sisters and I have _____________ (differ) mothers, we are definitely ____________ (like). This is not just a matter of _____________ (appear), though we are all small with curly hair and a ______________ (tend) to ______________ (eat) and put on weight. The resemblance goes much further than that. Throughout our ____________ (child) we were brought up to be very ______ (adapt) and our ability to accept change is another _______________ (character) we share. Another would be _______________ (shy). We all hate parties where you have to walk into a ___________ (room) of strange faces. Being ___________ (conscious) like this means we are all interested in wearing __________ (fashion) clothes. We often share our clothes. _______________ (fortunate) it causes arguments. We really should come to some ______________ (agree) about who can borrow what from whom – and when.
E. Focus on phrasal verbs. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the phrasal verbs below:

switch on / plug in / turn up / break down / blow up
Here are some handy tips for avoiding work if you use a computer.
1. Unplug the computer, then press the power button to … it . Phone the I.T. department to complain that the computer doesn’t work. It will take them at least 15 minutes to arrive and discover that the computer has not been … . In this time you’ll be able to have a cigarette or a cup of coffee.

2. Leave a note for the cleaners saying that your computer is very dirty and needs to be washed with soap and water. However, be careful when you switch it on the next day because it will probably … .

3. Make sure you keep paper clips and elastic bands on a shelf above the printer. It will then be very easy for them to ‘accidentally’ fall into the printer, causing it to … when you try to print something.

4. Make sure that you are the last person to leave on Friday. Go to the room where the network server is kept and … the heating to maximum. By Monday the server will have over-heated, and, with luck, it will take the IT department the rest of the day (or even the rest of the week) to replace it.

5. If you try all 4 of the above tips in the same week, you will probably be sacked. This will mean you can avoid work permanently.

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HAPPY SAILING

1. 
   What would you advise in these situations? Use appropriate modal verbs.
   

• 
  Your friend is going to a party. You don’t like the way she is dressed and her excessive make up. She asks you if you approve of her looks.
  
• 
  An acquaintance of yours is putting on weight. He/she asks you to recommend something.
  
• 
  One of your friends has had an accident. He is ok but the car is very seriously damaged. He doesn’t have enough money to repair it now. The worst thing is that the car was his parents’ birthday present. He doubts whether to tell his parents about the accident or not.
  
• 
  Your friend aged 24 has got a new boyfriend. The problem is he’s five years younger than she. She feels worried about this and asks you to give her advice.
  
• 
  Your brother is leading a hectic life. He hardly ever sleeps at night, doesn’t have time for a proper meal, let alone going out with friends and watching TV, and all this because of his new job, which takes most of his time.
  
• 
  Your sister has caught a cold. Now she is coughing and sneezing.
  
• 
  Someone has stolen very important documents from your boss’s safe. The police are helpless in this case.
  
• 
  One of your friends complains of a splitting headache.
  
• 
  A person you work together with has had 6 cups of coffee within three hours.
  

2. 
   Write a short passage about a real happening when you did something unneeded. Use as many modal verbs as you can.
   
3. 
   Tell what you personally think is necessary to learn a foreign language. Use ‘One/you/we must…’. Don’t forget to use the appropriate gambits like
   First of all…, The main thing is…, I strongly believe that…, Without a doubt…, I’m absolutely certain that…, In my opinion…, To my mind…, etc
   

4. Expressing conviction.

To express conviction (something you strongly believe in or are sure about) the following gambits will come in useful:

I honestly believe that…, I strongly believe that…, I’m convicted that…, Without a doubt…, I’m positive…, I’m absolutely certain that…

Read the following point of view. Decide whether you agree or not.

“I feel that everyone has the same chance in life. We’re all born, go to school, and then we have a choice. Some people want to work hard and get on – they buy nice homes and big cars. Other people just laze around and never do very much. Just last week I was down in the centre of town and this long-haired guy came up to me and asked for money. I didn’t give him any money, but I gave him a piece of advice. I told him to have his hair cut and get a job like everyone else. He just gave me a dirty look and walked away. He’ll get nowhere in life with an attitude like that. But if he worked hard like me, he could have everything I have.”

If you agree, write 10 sentences saying why. Use the phrases in the list.

If you disagree, write 10 sentences explaining why. You may want to mention the following ideas:

social class; inflation; unemployment; quality of school; the individual; the family

5. Things you’d like to change.

When you want to say about something you would like to change you may find useful to apply these phrases:

In my opinion…, From my point of view…, Well, personally…, If I had my way…, What I’m more concerned with is…, In my case…, I would change…, It would be great to have…, I’d like to have…

Think of all the changes you would like to make in your working/classroom routine. For example, you may wish to change the times of your classes, have longer holidays and shorter working hours. Write no less than 15 sentences.

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6. Sharing a confidence.

This will mostly be useful for girls. Sharing secret information is quite an ordinary thing with them, isn’t it? To introduce rumours you can use the following gambits:

I’ve heard…, They say…, Just between you and me…, I heard on the grapevine…, This shouldn’t be passed around, but…, Have you heard…, Maybe I shouldn’t say this, but…

Start as many rumours as you can about your boss / neighbour / classmate using the phrases from the list. Mind that all the rumours must be invented, not true. Then write at least 15 sentences.

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ГЛАВА 11. СОСЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ НАКЛОНЕНИЕ. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.



В этой главе мы познакомимся с таким явлением, как наклонение. В английском языке его называют словом mood (настроение). Вы спросите, какое еще настроение? Как это какое? А вы не забыли, что язык – это живое существо, а всякое живое существо имеет право иметь настроение. Тем более, что именно это слово с большой точностью передает смысл этого языкового явления.

Всего в языке три настроения (наклонения):

Изъявительное (Indicative)

Повелительное (Imperative)

Сослагательное (Subjunctive)

Первые два нам хорошо знакомы. Изъявительное наклонение – это когда что-то изъявляют, то есть просто говорят, констатируют факт.

Evencleverpeoplesometimesthinkthattheyknowsomething. – Даже умным людям иногда кажется, что они кое-то знают.

Повелительное наклонение необходимо, чтобы покомандовать другими людьми. Есть настроение пораспоряжаться – пожалуйста. Предложения строятся очень просто. Обычно подлежащее опускается и ставится инфинитив нужного глагола:

Show me your passport, please. – Покажитепаспорт, пожалуйста.

Don’tobstructtheview. – Не загораживайте обзор.

Сослагательное наклонение нужно тогда, когда есть настроение пофантазировать. Что было бы, если бы…

Ifonlypeoplecouldfly! – Если бы только люди могли летать!

Основное правило сослагательного наклонения напоминает правило согласования времен. То есть, форму глагола нужно преобразовать таким образом, чтобы она стала более прошедшей.

Вот примеры преобразования основных глаголов:

am/is/are – were

was/were – had been

do/does – did

did – had done

will - would
§ 1. Условные предложения. Conditionals.

Чаще всего потребность в сослагательном наклонении возникает в так называемых условных предложениях (conditionals).

Условное предложение – это сложноподчиненное предложение, имеющее главное предложение (main clause) и придаточное условия (if-clause).

Так же, как и в русском языке, стоять они могут в любом порядке:

Если бы он извинился, я бы его простил.

Я бы его простил, если бы он извинился.

Существует три типа условных предложений. Разберем их по порядку.

Внимательно рассмотрите таблицу. В ней вы найдете самую важную информацию и основные формы глаголов в главном и придаточном предложениях.

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	Main clause	If-clause
First Condi tional	Will do We will spend the day in the open air I won’t be able to finish this in time	Do (Present Simple) if the weather is good. unless you help me.	Зона будущего Реальное условие В русском языке в таких предложениях не употребляется частица «бы».
Second Condi tional	Would do I would buy a Ferrari I would apologize to her You could ask for help	Did If I could afford it. If I were you. If you were not so arrogant.	Зона настоящего Условие, нереальное на данный момент. Появляется «бы»
Third Condi tional	Would have done You would have understood the rule You could have won the race	Had done If you had been more attentive. If you had been training harder.	Зона прошлого Условие, не реализованное в ситуации, которая уже в прошлом. «бы» присутствует

Теперь разберем все типы условных предложений подробно и по порядку.

Для начала еще раз вернемся к основному правилу сослагательного наклонения: форму глагола нужно преобразовать таким образом, чтобы она стала более прошедшей. Чем дальше в прошлое мы опускаемся, тем более прошедшей будет форма глагола.

Еще один момент, характерный для всех видов условных предложений – это то, что главное и придаточное предложения могут стоять в любом порядке.

If you tease the cat it will scratch you. = The cat will scratch you if you tease it. – Котоцарапаеттебя, еслитыбудешьгладитьегопротившерсти.

Соответственно, чтобы поставить глаголы в надлежащие формы, нужно научиться отличать главное предложение от придаточного. Это легко, потому что придаточное предложение всегда вводится союзом (if, unless, on condition that, providing etc). Таким образом, если такой союз мы видим в начале предложения, значит первым стоит придаточное. А если союз в середине, значит первое предложение – главное.

Итак, FirstConditional работает в зоне будущего и описывает ситуацию, которая будет иметь место при каком-либо условии. Это совершенно реальное условие, то есть оно вполне может осуществиться. Например, погода вполне может наладиться (или испортиться). В русском языке в таких предложениях мы никогда не употребляем частицу «бы». Мы скажем

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