Файл: I am in love with english.doc

B. Supply the appropriate degree of comparison of the words in brackets. Don’t forget about the articles.

1. That is (thrilling) western I’ve ever seen! 2. In your opinion what is (stressful) aspect of being a doctor? 3. Who is (useful) to society: a policeman or a social worker? 4. I think women are much (careful) drivers than men. 5. The dragon feels much (fit) since he stopped smoking. 6. There is nothing (annoying) than losing the door key. 7. Eerie the donkey prefers to be alone. He is (sociable) person in the forest. 8. The ogre said his stomach aching: “That is (bad) princess I’ve ever had!” 9. The spy got (modern) equipment available for searching the princess. 10. Which is (good) dress of the two? 11. Of the twins Sarah is (happy). 12. Which computer has (great) capacity, the dwarf’s or mine? 13. Which room is (large), the family room or the living room? 14. Which sales representative is (successful), Mark or Brian? 15. Of the two sisters Monica is (intelligent).
C. Use the words in the brackets to form a word that fits in each space. The first one is done for you.

One night a do-goody organization(organize) formed for the ___________ (protect) of animals broke into a mink¹-farm in Britain. The minks were not consulted, of course, but the animal ____________ (love) knew that minks had been born free and decided that their _____________ (suffer) in captivity should be _____________ (tolerable). So several hundred minks disappeared in no time in the __________________ (neighbour) woods. This caused the greatest possible alarm. Not that the minks behaved _________ (bad). Not in the least. But their reputation proved to be _________ (true) awesome. __________ (Accord) to another animal loving society, minks were said to be some of the most ___________ (danger) of all animals. In fact, they belong to the ferret² family, the wildest and most vicious of _______________ (create). Taking the ferret’s ______ (weigh) and size into ____________________ (consider), the minks appeared to be more dangerous than tigers. The ferret – and the mink – does not only kill the __________________ (fortune) otter³ which is dying out in any case, but might attack and kill children.

Thus the blow struck for the __________ (free) of the Mink created wild panic among British mothers. Then an _______________ (expect) twist occurred. The minks failed to attack children in the _________________ (neighbour). A few hours after their release, when their morning feeding time approached, the little beasts ___________________ (obedient) returned to the farm and queued for a renewed term of captivity. Their ________________ (decide) was only too obvious: they preferred good room ______________ (serve), proper heating and sufficient and ___________ (taste) food to the dangers and other ______________ (convenient) of the woods, to the risks of hunting and being hunted. In other words, they preferred comfort to _____________ (free). Minks are only human.

Freedom means _________________ (responsible): equally shirked by man and ferret. Wearing a mink-coat seems to have demoralizing effect on both.
mink - норка

ferret - хорек

otter – выдра
D. Translate into English these funny phrases paying attention to the use of tenses.

1. Я за вас свою работу делать не буду! 2. Ну что ты уставился на меня, как Windows на новое устройство? 3. Моцарт в вашем возрасте уже два года как умер. 4. Я сегодня немного задержался. Ну, ничего, зато вечером уйду пораньше. 5. Всё труднее встретить вежливого человека, который ничего не хочет вам продать. 6. Больной был болен, был прооперирован, был хорошим товарищем. 7. - Ну а кофе на клавиатуру кто пролил? Что, тоже вирус? 8. Есть два способа командовать женщиной, но никто их не знает... 9. Вам помочь или не мешать? 10. Программа выполнила любимую операцию и будет закрыта.
E. Find one mistake in each of the jokes and correct it.

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1. “I am sorry about the way the pie is tasting, darling. It must be something I left out.”

“Nothing you left out could make it taste like that. It must be something you put in.”

2. The old professor and his wife was sitting one night in front of their fire both deep in thought. Suddenly the bell rang. “Good gracious,” whispered the wife, “there’s my husband,” and rose to open the door.

“Confound it!” exclaimed the professor and jumped out of the window.

3.“Do you think I’m going to wear this squirrel old coat all my life?

“Why not, dear? The squirrels do.”

4. “Only cheese for lunch?”

“Yes, the cutlets caught fire and it spread to the apple tart, so I had to take the soup to put it off.”

5. (maid) “I’m sorry, but she said to tell you she wasn’t at home.”

“Oh, that’s all right, justly tell her that I’m glad I didn’t come.”

6. “My husband has taken all the cash out of baby’s money-box!”

“My dear!”

“Yes, and just when there was near enough for the new hat I wanted!”

7. “A husband leads the life of a dog!”

“That’s right. He growls all day and snores all night.”

8. “Bill’s wife always laughs at his jokes.”

“They must be prettily clever.”

“No, she is.”

9. “Have you and your wife ever had some difference of opinion?”

“Yes, but she didn’t know it.”

10. “How did mother find out you really haven’t taken a bath?”

“I forgot to wet the soap.”
F. Focus on phrasal verbs. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the phrasal verbs below:

a) have out / find out / make up / have on / own up
My friend is always playing practical jokes on people, but it's not always obvious that he's joking. For example, the other day he borrowed my car because he had to collect someone from the airport. When he returned the next day, he came in his own car, and gave me £100. He told me that a man at the airport had offered him £100 for the car and so he had sold it. At first I didn't believe him and asked him if he was … me … , but he assured me that he wasn't, and managed to convince me that it was true, that he had really sold my car. I was furious, and decided to … it … with him. I told him that he could keep the money because he would need it to buy my car back. He seemed very shocked and told me he didn't know where the man lived but offered to lend me his car whenever I wanted. I was so angry that I didn't know what to say. I just pushed him out of my front door and onto the street, trying very hard not to punch him. It was then that I happened to look up the street, and saw my car parked behind a tree. I had … him …, but decided to pretend to be angry with him, to teach him a lesson. I told him that our friendship was over, and that he was no longer welcome in my house. Eventually, he … and admitted that he had … the whole story … , but I pretended not to believe him, and continued to shout at him. He became quite worried and started to run away, then stopped and pointed at my car, but I had gone into my house and locked the door.

Of course, I phoned him later and explained that I had seen my car but wanted to get revenge and play a joke on him. It's strange, but for someone who loves practical jokes so much, he didn't seem to find it that funny!
b) take off / wind up / crease up / laugh at / laugh off
When the teacher entered the classroom, Dave was … her … , imitating the way she stood at the board and spoke to the students. The class were … with laughter, but they soon stopped when they saw the teacher. She was clearly not amused by Dave’s impersonation of her, but tried to … it , and politely asked Dave to return to his seat. Dave, however, didn’t know when to stop, and whenever the teacher asked him a question, he impersonated her voice when he gave the answer. Eventually she asked him if he was deliberately trying to … her …, and when he just … her instead of answering she decided that enough was enough. “For homework tonight, Dave” she said, “I’d like you to write 2,000 words on why it’s usually the teacher who has the last laugh in the classroom.”

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HAPPY SAILING

1. 
   Look at the photo.
   

What can you see? Make up a funny story to describe the situation.

2. 
   Discuss the following questions:
   

• 
  What if Christopher Columbus had been lost at sea on his first voyage to the New World?
  
• 
  What if the wheel had not been invented?
  
• 
  What if the ocean were filled with fresh water instead of salt water?
  
• 
  What if man could control the weather all the time?
  
• 
  What if a new ice age should begin within the next five years?
  
• 
  What if everybody in the world spoke the same language?
  
• 
  What if signs of intelligent life were found on another planet?
  
• 
  What if science discovered a way to prolong life to 150 years?
  
• 
  If you had only one day to live, what would you do?
  

3. 
   Getting to know someone
   

One of the main ways we get to know someone better is when we find out what they believe – especially if the person agrees with us.

Work in pairs. Try to think up the advantages and disadvantages of the following ideas. Offer your opinions to your partner and see if you agree or disagree. Take it in turns. Use the following phrases:

That’s (very) true; I agree with you there; Yes, I know exactly what you mean; Yes, but don’t you think…; I agree with you, but…; Yes, but on the other hand…; I don’t see it quite like that.

E.G. The main advantage to being poor is that you don’t have to worry about income tax.

- That’s very true. But I wonder if it is as simple as that.

Situations

• 
  being single / married
  
• 
  living together
  
• 
  living in the city / country
  
• 
  growing a beard
  
• 
  being poor / rich
  
• 
  having children
  
• 
  living near a pub
  
• 
  living in the centre of a big town
  
• 
  having a car
  
• 
  living in a capital city
  
• 
  traveling abroad a lot
  
• 
  abortion
  
• 
  teaching children to drink alcohol
  
• 
  how to teach young people about AIDS
  
• 
  buying insurance
  

4. 
   Can I help you?
   

Sometimes we walk into a shop and know exactly what we want. At other times, we can’t make up our minds. We look at something; we check the price; we try it on; and still we can’t decide. The following list of phrases gives all the language you need if you can’t decide.

I’m afraid, I don’t know; I’m afraid, I can’t decide; I’m afraid I can’t make up my mind; I’ll have to think about it; I’m really not sure; I think I’ll leave it, thank you.

Work in pairs – one person is a shop assistant, the other is the customer. Work with the following list of purchases and the dialogue skeleton below.

• 
  a wedding ring
  
• 
  a bottle of perfume
  
• 
  a car (large or small; two or four doors)
  
• 
  a stereo (can you afford CD?)
  
• 
  a holiday abroad
  
• 
  a dress
  
• 
  a tie
  
• 
  wallpaper for the living room (colour? pattern?)
  
• 
  a record for a friend
  
• 
  a shirt (plain/striped/white/coloured/cotton/polyester)
  

Assistant: Excuse me, can I help you?

Customer: I’m looking for a …

Assistant: Size? Colour? Price?

Customer: (you can’t decide)

Assistant: Well, what about …

Customer: (you still can’t decide)

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ГЛАВА 12. НЕЛИЧНЫЕ ФОРМЫ ГЛАГОЛА. NON-FINITE FORMS OF THE VERB.




§ 1. Кто они? Who are they?

Неличные формы, как мы уже знаем, - это такие формы, которые не прикладываются ни к какому лицу. В английском языке их три: это инфинитив, причастие и герундий.

А поскольку они не прикладываются ни к какому лицу, то главное, что их объединяет – это то, что они не умеют быть сказуемым в предложении. Зато могут быть всем остальным – чем угодно, от подлежащего до обстоятельства.

Об инфинитиве мы уже достаточно много знаем. Известно, что по форме он совпадает с настоящим временем глагола, при этом имеет показатель( частицу to), который может опускаться в некоторых случаях (например, после модальных глаголов).
Как мы уже знаем, у всех глагольных форм есть простые и сложные формы. Так, мы знаем, что у инфинитива их шесть (четыре активных и две пассивных).

Причастие (только причастие I!) и герундий тоже имеют сложные формы. И они образуются уже известным нам способом. В форму причастия 1 (герундия) ставится вспомогательный глагол, а смысловой становится в форму причастия 2.

Вот какая картинка получается:
Причастие 1 и герундий (он, кстати, предпочитает обходиться без перфектных форм, это важно запомнить):

doing делающий / делая делание простая активная форма

having done сделав перфектная форма

being done делаемый делание с кем-то пассивная форма

having been done будучи сделанным перфектно-пассивная форма
Причастие 2:

done сделанный (сложных форм не имеет)
Отрицательная форма всех неличных форм образуется очень просто – ‘not’ ставится непосредственно перед ними – not doing, not being done.

Вы спросите, а как отличить причастие и герундий, если они имеют совершенно одинаковые формы? На самом деле все не так сложно. Они так сильно отличаются по смыслу, что спутать их, встретив в предложении практически невозможно.

Рассмотрим два предложения:

Doingresearchalwaysinvolvescalculating. – Проведение исследований всегда сопряжено с подсчетами.

Doing research the scientists found out a very interesting regularity. – Проводяисследования

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, ученыеобнаружилиоченьинтереснуюзакономерность.

Задав вопрос к слову doing в каждом случае (в первом предложении – что?, во втором – что делая?) мы сразу поймем, что в первом предложении имеем дело с герундием, который работает практически как существительное, а во втором – с причастием 1. Если сразу перевести предложение не получается, нужно «примерить» имеющиеся варианты перевода – что (делание, герундий), что делая / что делающий (причастие).

Излюбленная роль причастия в предложении, как мы знаем, - быть определением или частью сказуемого.

The cat was licking its tail. – Котвылизывалсвойхвост.

After the tail was licked the cat started the belly. – Послетого, какхвостбылвылизан, котпринялсязаживотик.

Have you seen the cat licking its tail? – Вывиделикота, вылизывающегохвост?

В первых двух предложениях причастие входит в состав сказуемого, а в третьем является определением (какого кота?).

Герундий просто обожает быть всем, чем может быть существительное – подлежащим, дополнением, обстоятельством.

Lickingearsisamoredifficultundertaking, foracat’stongueisn’tlongenough. – Вылизывание ушей – более сложное занятие, потому что язык у кошки недостаточно длинен для этого.

Thecatstartedlickingitspaws. – Кот начал вылизывать лапы (дословно: вылизывание лап).

The cat washes itself by licking. – Котмоетсявылизыванием.

В первом предложении герундий работает подлежащим, во втором – дополнением, в третьем – обстоятельством образа действия.

Потренируемся?
Упражнение 1. Найдите и подчеркните инфинитивы и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. 
   I am afraid it will be his destiny to be thrown out in the street.
   
2. 
   The witch made me wait for half an hour.
   
3. 
   How dare you come gatecrashing like this! How ill-mannered you ogres are!
   
4. 
   I think we should start early in the morning.
   
5. 
   You needn’t answer today. You can think for a day or two.
   
6. 
   The princess was thought to be shopping in Regent Street.
   
7. 
   If you do not remember the spelling of the word, you’d better look it up in the dictionary.
   
8. 
   The hippo is said to have been injured in a car accident.
   
9. 
   As Buratino had lost his key there was nothing to do but break the door open.
   
10. 
    It is much better to invest your money in a business than keep it at home.
    
11. 
    I’d much rather not go to the party. I have a headache.
    
12. 
    Would you rather stay at home or join the pirates?
    
13. 
    He tried various numbers at random, but without success. It was funny, he seemed to have lost his knack.
    
14. 
    The princess did not as much as open his letter, let alone answer it.
    
15. 
    I need to help my grandmother. She can’t do it herself.
    
16. 
    Why not enjoy the evening at home?
    
17. 
    To be in company with somebody one dislikes must be truly painful.
    
18. 
    It would be a very bad precedent to let the boy cut the end of the term.
    
19. 
    Words have weight, sound and appearance, it is only by considering these that you can write a sentence that is good to look at and good to listen to.
    
20. 
    I have to get my memory to work, and it is like an old clock, rusty.
    

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