Файл: I am in love with english.doc

Упражнение 2. Прочитайте предложения, задайте вопрос к каждому глаголу в форме Ving, выясните, причастие это или герундий и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. 
   Under police questioning the dreadful forest robbers admitted inventing the story.
   
2. 
   The pirates noticed a ship approaching the island.
   
3. 
   Do you know the man standing at the entrance?
   
4. 
   It is idiotic to leave Monte Carlo without trying your luck.
   
5. 
   Madelene was seen running away.
   
6. 
   It turned out that the suitcase was used for carrying drugs.
   
7. 
   The witch couldn’t stand the blinking lights.
   
8. 
   I distinctly remember last Christmas seeing you together and thinking how happy you looked.
   
9. 
   Rex seemed a rough, healthy, prosperous fellow whose name was already familiar to him from reading the political reports.
   
10. 
    The beginning student may find it difficult to understand.
    
11. 
    Coming into the room the dragon saw that somebody had broken the window.
    
12. 
    They didn’t mention it for fear of hurting the witch’s feelings.
    
13. 
    Walking past the shop, the ogre noticed his reflection in the shop window.
    
14. 
    The prince is extravagant. Living beyond his means is a matter of principle to him.
    
15. 
    Standing still merely means running backwards.
    
16. 
    He changed his mind, realizing that the whole thing was useless.
    
17. 
    You can’t make an omelette without breaking eggs.
    
18. 
    The princess ran to the house as if trying to escape.
    
19. 
    I remember reading about it in one of the historical novels.
    
20. 
    I’ve got too far. There’s no turning back now.
    
21. 
    The prisoner escaped by sliding down a rope.
    
22. 
    While liking dogs the ogre never let them come into the house.
    

WORD POWER

A. Fill in the blanks with “resemble”, “remind” or “remember” in the appropriate form .

1. 
   The hippo … his son to buy a newspaper on his way home.
   
2. 
   Peter … his uncle in looks.
   
3. 
   That film … me of my childhood.
   
4. 
   I didn't realize the town had grown so much; I … it as being just a small place.
   
5. 
   Does this story … you anything?
   
6. 
   I … our old dog last night. I miss him so much.
   
7. 
   She continued to serve the old man faithfully, hoping to … in his will.
   
8. 
   I must pay the gas bill. I’ll put it here to … me.
   
9. 
   Mike closely … his father.
   
10. 
    The dwarf has lived on our street for as long as I can … .
    
11. 
    Oh, that … me, I saw Phil in town today.
    
12. 
    Do you … Rosa Davies? I met her the other day.
    
13. 
    I … you two couldn’t stand each other at first.
    
14. 
    The view … her of her native country.
    
15. 
    The princess is so charming! She … an angel.
    
16. 
    … me what to do, I haven’t used this machine for ages.
    
17. 
    I … my father bringing home a huge Christmas tree.
    
18. 
    I … meeting her at a party once.
    
19. 
    Who does she …, I wonder?
    
20. 
    Hearing this song always … me of a certain night in Santa Cruz.
    

B. Fill in the blanks with “know”, “learn” or “recognize” in the appropriate form .

1. 
   He just … the bell of the church from the organ.
   
2. 
   What did you … from Albert? Is there going to be a strike?
   
3. 
   I had to … the ogre was right
   
4. 
   They are neighbours of ours, but we do not … them.
   
5. 
   Mrs. Pitt is nervous. She is … to drive.
   
6. 
   Who …? The princess might get married by that time.
   
7. 
   The pirates … that the situation was hopeless.
   
8. 
   Ann … already four languages and wants to … one more.
   
9. 
   He … that he was not qualified for the post.
   
10. 
    Of course, it’s a great misfortune. But she'll just have to … to live with it.
    
11. 
    Lizzie is only three but she … how to read.
    
12. 
    The operation is not … as legal in many states.
    
13. 
    Kikimora … everything from the witch who is a bit too talkative.
    
14. 
    We … that the ogre had found a job.
    
15. 
    Actors have to … their words off in a very short time.
    

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C. Fill in the blanks with “gather”, “collect” or “pick up” in the appropriate form .

1. 
   The pirates … around their captain.
   
2. 
   Some men go to dances just to see if they can … a girl.
   
3. 
   I'll … you … at your place at five o'clock.
   
4. 
   The king saw a crowd of people … before the window.
   
5. 
   He died without a will, though he had … three thousand pounds.
   
6. 
   The shipwrecked sailors were … by a passing boat.
   
7. 
   I'm … for the Red Cross, please give generously.
   
8. 
   I don't know where my children have … those rude words!
   
9. 
   My elder brother … funny little toy crocodiles.
   
10. 
    I could … nothing from his statement.
    
11. 
    … her belongings, she ran out of the house.
    
12. 
    I'll … you from the airport.
    
13. 
    Jim dropped his pen and bent to … it … .
    
14. 
    The dragon is pressed for time. He is … his car from repair service.
    
15. 
    I know where you can … a good used car at a very reasonable price.
    

REVISION

A. Use the words in the brackets to form a word that fits in each space. The first one is done for you.

a) Nowadays there is a variety (vary) of career opportunities in the media. It is possible to study ____________ (journalist) at most universities, many of which offer __________ (option) courses in reporting on sports and ___________ (entertain). Newer degrees in media studies, which were __________ (available) as recently as ten years ago, attract ________________ (enthusiasm) students from all over the country. Some graduates prefer to work in ______________ (advertise) as it allows them to use their _______________ (create) in the ___________ (produce) of increasingly sophisticated TV and press advertisements. ______________ (fortunate) not all graduates find work easily as there is still a lot of _______________ (employ) in the media industry, but things are improving.
b) The way children play has changed ____________ (consider) over the last fifty years. In the past, parents did not have to fear for the ________ (safe) of their children if they went out to play. Most ____________ (neighbour) were communities in which everyone knew each other and children could be left to play _____________ (supervise) by adults. In ___________ (add) there was hardly any traffic and a street could be ____________ (easy) transformed into a football pitch or used for a game of tag. _______________ (fortunate) things are very different today. Apart from the fact that our streets are more _____________ (danger) than they were in the past, the last fifty years have seen the _________________ (create) of more and more sophisticated games, _______________ (include), of course, the thousands of computer games on the market. Too much time spent alone with a computer may damage the child’s __________ (able) to form friendships with other children.

B. Translate into English paying special attention to the use of modal verbs.

1. Не может быть, что поезд уже ушел. 2. Я, возможно, вернусь поздно. 3. Великану пришлось тащить бревно через весь лес. 4. Должно быть, мы заблудились. 5. Машина никак не хочет заводиться. 6. Сейчас тебе следует спать, а не смотреть телевизор. 7. Неужели рыцарь все еще сражается с драконом? 8. Что вы наделали! Нельзя было давать коту сырое мясо. Теперь он может заболеть. 9. В это помещение входить нельзя. Доступ сюда строго ограничен. 10. Не нужно было мыть посуду. Это у нас делает горничная. 11. Должно быть, вы устали. Хотите чашку кофе? 12. Мы могли остаться в Москве еще на пару дней, но решили поехать домой, чтобы успеть подготовиться к школе. 13. У меня закончились наличные, но вчера мне вернули долг, и в банк идти не пришлось. 14. Это растение нужно поливать каждый день. 15. Наверняка про это уже давно забыли.

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C. There are a few mistakes in each of the following jokes. Find and correct them. The number of mistakes is given.

1. (6 mistakes)

An exceeding stout lady indignantly tackled a bus inspector on a busy stopping place.

“I want to report the conductor of that bus that have just gone,” she shrilled. “He’s been rude!”

“How?” asked the boring official.

“Why,” went on the lady. “He was telling people the bus is full up, and when I got off he said:

“A room for three inside.”
2. (5 mistakes)

When the group of women got on the bus, every seat was already occupied. The conductor noticed a man who seemed to asleep, and, fearing that he may miss his stop, he nudged him and said:

“Wake up!”

“I wasn’t asleep,” the man protested.

“Not asleep? But you had your eyes close.”

“I know. I justly hate to look at ladies standing up in a crowded bus.”
3. (5 mistakes)

The motorist charged with driving his car under an influence of liquor, and a traffic cop was giving evidence.

“When I came upon the scene, Your Worship,” he said, “I founded the accused engaged in a heated argument with Minister of Transport about the condition of the road.”

“Well, “ commented the magistrate, “that doesn’t prove nothing, does it?”

“No,” admitted the witness, “only, you see, the Minister of Transport wasn’t there.”

D. Translate the sentences paying attention to the Sequence of tenses.

1. Я был уверен, что пираты нашли сокровище. 2. Извините, я не знал, что вы заняты. 3. Гном позвонил мне и сказал, что он заболел и не пойдет купаться. 4. Он похвастался, что знает три иностранных языка. 5. Я расстроился, потому что черная кошка перешла мне дорогу. 6. Детям сказали, что, пока не придет новая гувернантка, мама будет читать им сказки на ночь сама. 7. В газете было сказано, что Белоснежка исчезла и ее повсюду ищут. 8. Когда мы приехали по указанному адресу, мы узнали, что машину уже продали. 9. У меня было странное чувство, как будто я уже здесь бывал. 10. Только на дороге я понял, что задние фары (rear lights) разбиты. 11. Доктор сказал, что девочка поправится, если папа найдет и приведет ей живого слона. 12. Инспектор давно подозревал этого парня, так что, когда его задержала полиция, он не удивился. 13. Когда мы вошли в пещеру, она была пуста. Пираты уже ушли. 14. Он спросил, кто из нас будет выступать первым. 15. Людоед сказал, что он еще не завтракал и добавил, что будет очень рад, если я составлю ему компанию (to keep sb company).
E. Express a wish by using the hints given.

Model: I wish my friend were / had been / would be ...

1. sister/more helpful 2. Pinocchio/less curious 3. my girl (boy)friend/ so choosy 4. I/a child again 5. All people/healthy and wealthy 6. you/with us now 7. I/more free time last week 8. I/agree to marry him 9. I/ in love again 10. the knight/kill the dragon 11. I/have a horse 12. the prince/fall in love with the girl 13. I/ tell her the secret 14. the cat/catch the mouse 15. I/have to study

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HAPPY SAILING

1. 
   
   

Look at the photo. What do you see? Make up a short story and tell it on the part of the deer and on the part of the hunter. Make them sound different.

2. 
   Discuss the following topics:
   

• 
  A scientist has discovered a drug which will cause you to forget everything that has happened to you. He has also discovered one that causes you to remember everything that has ever happened to you. You must choose one of these two drugs. Which will it be and why?
  
• 
  A machine has been invented which will make you invisible for 48 hours. How would you want to spend these two days?
  
• 
  You can be any living person in the world. Who will it be and why.
  

3. 
   Have you got a good reason?
   

Sometimes you have to give reasons why you haven’t done this or that. The following gambits will help you in such a case:

Starting: The reason why…; Because…

Continuing: Because of that… ; That’s why…; That’s the reason why…; For this reason…

Write down four things which you should have done recently, but didn’t.

E. G.

a letter you haven’t yet written

a book you haven’t returned

a person you haven’t rung

a visit you haven’t made

Work in pairs. First, exchange lists of what you haven’t done. One student should start to challenge the other. Start:

You shouldn’t have…

You’ll have to…

Why haven’t you…

Answer with good reasons, using the phrases in the list to introduce your reasons.

E. G.

Problem: I haven’t given you back the book I borrowed from you last summer.

Student 1: I only gave you that book for a short time. You should have given it back months ago.

Student 2: I’m sorry The reason why I haven’t given you it back is because I couldn’t find it. I packed all my books in boxes when I moved; that’s why I can’t find anything at the moment.

4. 
   Correcting yourself
   

Sometimes we say something which we don’t really mean. Then we must go back and say it again, but more clearly and more accurately. The following phrases will come in handy in dealing with these cases:

What I mean is…; What I meant was…; Let me put it another way.; What I’m saying is…; What I’m trying to say is…; Don’t misunderstand me; If I said that, I didn’t mean to…; Let me rephrase what I just said.

Work with another student and make one of the statements in the list below. They are rather extreme, so you should moderate what you say, using a phrase from the list.

E. G.

Student 1: I never learn anything at school.

Student 2; Do you really mean that?

Student 1: Well, what I mean is I don’t think I learn very much – maybe from one or two teachers, but not all.

Extreme statements

• 
  I can’t stand teachers.
  
• 
  I’d never live in England.
  
• 
  I never swear.
  
• 
  People who smoke in public should be fined.
  
• 
  Students are lazy.
  
• 
  I always say exactly what I think.
  
• 
  I never have to look a word up in the dictionary.
  
• 
  I don’t make grammar mistakes.
  

Now think of your own prejudices:

• 
  I hate …
  
• 
  I never …
  
• 
  People who … should be put in prison.
  
• 
  … shouldn’t be allowed.
  

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§ 2. Говорят, что…«сложное подлежащее». Complex subject.
Сложное подлежащее называется сложным не потому, что его так трудно понять и усвоить. Вовсе нет. Просто имеется в виду, что у подлежащего есть зависимые слова, которые «утяжеляют», или «усложняют» его. Посмотрите, как устроено предложение, содержащее сложное подлежащее:

He is saidto be honest.

К подлежащему he прицеплен глагол в личной форме (в данном случае, в страдательном залоге, потому что это более часто употребительная модель). Затем стоит глагол в форме инфинитива.

Буквально это предложение переводится так: «Он есть говоримый быть честным». Чепуха какая-то. Попробуем разобраться. «Есть говоримый» - значит говорит не он, а про него. А вот «честный» - это как раз он.

Таким образом, для того, чтобы правильно передать смысл этого предложения на русском языке, нужно вперед вынести глагол, прицепленный к подлежащему. Его нужно передать в форме «делают» ( в данном случае – «говорят»). После этого нужно поставить слово, связывающее эту часть предложения с последующей. Получается

Говорят, что он…

Инфинитив, стоящий после конструкции не нужно переводить на русский язык соответствующей неопределенной формой глагола. Его нужно превратить в личную форму, согласующуюся с подлежащим:

Говорят, что он есть честный. (Говорят, что он честный.)

Конечно, по-английски будет также правильно сказать, соблюдая логику русского языка, “It is said that he is honest”. Но обратите внимание, что конструкция со сложным подлежащим более экономична, что для языка является очень важным. Поэтому этот оборот и получил такое широкое применение.

Теперь, когда вы поняли смысл сложного дополнения, рассмотрим варианты его соответствия русским предложениям в зависимости от формы инфинитива.

Active forms:

He is said to live in Moscow. – Говорят, что он живет в Москве. (делает вообще, в настоящем) = It is said that he lives in Moscow.
He is said to be still sleeping. – Говорят, что он еще спит. (есть делающий, в данный момент, в зоне настоящего). = It is said that he is still sleeping.
He is said to have robbed a bank. – Говорят,

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