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51
CONCLUSIONS
Incidental brain findings on MRI are common in the general
population.
The most frequent are brain infarcts, followed by cerebral aneurysms
and benign primary tumors.
scanner hardware – сканирующее устройство
MRI sequences –импульсный режим МРТ
detection – обнаружение
C. PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
OF AIDS PATIENTS ON ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPУ:
RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 1597 AUTOPSIES
Vago, Luca; Bonetto, Sara; Nebuloni, Manuela et al
AIDS, Vol. 6, Issue 14, 2002, pp. 1925-1928
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the prevalence of HIV-related central nervous system
(CNS) lesions (HIV-encephalitis and/or HIV-leukoencephalopathy: HIV-E/L) with
and without concomitant opportunistic diseases in a large autopsy series, and to
correlate it with the changes in antiretroviral treatment.
METHODS
We reviewed 1597 autopsies of HIV-positive patients performed
between 1984 and 2000, and divided into four time periods on the basis of the
therapeutic regimens: 1984-1987, no therapy; 1988-1994, monotherapy
(zidovudine); 1995-1996, dual combination therapy with nucleoside reverse
transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI); and 1997-2000, triple combination therapy
including two NRTI and at least one protease inhibitor or non-NRTI.
RESULTS
The CNS of 1210 patients (76%) was affected by opportunistic
diseases, HIV-related lesions or both. The prevalence of HIV-related lesions in the
four periods was respectively 54%, 32%, 18% and 15%. During the last period,
however, differences in HIV-E/L between treated and untreated patients were not
statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS
These neuropathological data confirm the efficacy of
antiretroviral treatment in reducing the frequency of HIV-related CNS lesions in
AIDS patients.
HIV-positive – ВИЧ-инфицированный, ВИЧ-положительный
nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors – нуклеозидный ингибитор
обратной транскриптазы
protease inhibitor – ингибитор протеазы
non-NRTI – ненуклеозидный ингибитор обратной транскриптазы
52
D. TREATMENT OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY WITH MODERATE
HYPOTHERMIA
Donald W. Marion, M.D., Louis E. Penrod, M.D., Sheryl F. Kelsey, Ph.D. et al
New England Journal of Medicine, 1997
BACKGROUND
Traumatic brain injury causes several metabolic processes that
can exacerbate the injury.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether hypothermia may limit some of these
harmful metabolic responses.
METHODS
In a randomized, controlled trial, we compared the effects of
moderate hypothermia and normothermia in 82 patients with severe closed head
injuries (a score of 3 to 7 on the Glasgow Coma Scale). The patients assigned to
hypothermia were cooled to 33°C a mean of 10 hours after injury, kept at 32 to
33°C for 24 hours, and then rewarmed. A specialist in physical medicine and
rehabilitation evaluated the patients 3, 6, and 12 months later with the use of the
Glasgow Outcome Scale.
RESULTS
At 12 months, 62 percent of the patients in the hypothermia group and
38 percent of those in the normothermia group had good outcomes (moderate,
mild, or no disabilities). Hypothermia did not improve the outcomes in the patients
with coma scores of 3 or 4 on admission. Among the patients with scores of 5 to 7,
hypothermia was associated with significantly improved outcomes at 3 and 6
months, although not at 12 months.
CONCLUSIONS
Treatment with moderate hypothermia for 24 hours in patients
with severe traumatic brain injury and coma scores of 5 to 7 on admission hastened
neurologic recovery and may have improved the outcome.
hypothermia – искусственное понижение температуры тела с
лечебными целями
normothermia – нормотермия (температура окружающей среды, не
вызывающая повышение или угнетение активности клеток организма)
Glasgow Coma Scale – шкала комы Глазго
assign – направлять
limit – ограничивать, лимитировать
53
Выучите слова и выражения, наиболее часто употребляемые в
рефератах:
1.
antibody titer
титр антител
2.
aspiration pneumonia
аспирационная пневмония
3.
bacteremia
бактериемия (наличие бактерий в
циркулирующей крови)
4.
bacterial counts
определение количества бактерий
5.
beneficial
благотворный, полезный
6.
benefit
польза, благо, извлекать пользу,
выгоду
7.
blood culture
гемокультура
8.
coexistent
сосуществующий
9.
chest radiograph (
Syn.
X-ray fim)
рентгеновский снимок грудной
клетки
54
10.
colony-forming unit
колониеобразующая единица
11.
consolidation
консолидация, уплотнение
12.
contamination rate
загрязненность
13.
contaminate
загрязнять, инфицировать, заражать
14.
enhance
увеличивать, усиливать
15.
focal lobar consolidation
очаговое лобарное уплотнение
16.
HIV seropositivity
серопозитивная реакция на ВИЧ
17.
humoral immunity
гуморальный иммунитет
18.
immune related disease
иммуно-обусловленное заболевание
19.
immune response
иммунная реакция, иммунный ответ
20.
isolate
изолят, штамм, культура
(микрофлоры)
21.
multicentric disease
многоочаговая болезнь
22.
multifocal
and focal
bronchopneumonia pattern
картина многоочаговой и очаговой
бронхопневмонии
23.
nosocomial
госпитальный, внутрибольничный,
нозокомиальный (об инфекции)
24.
radiographic
appearance
рентгенологическое изображение
25.
radiographic pattern
рентгенологическая картина
26.
sputum cultures
посев мокроты
27.
strain
штамм
55
Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обратите
внимание на перевод выделенных слов
1.
Yogurt provides
beneficial
cultures that aid (способствуют) in digestion and
provides an excellent source of calcium.
2.
Yogurt may be the ultimate (идеальный) health food by
enhancing
the
immune response
in those who eat it regularly.
3.
Many of the studies produce compelling evidence (убедительные
доказательства) that yogurt improves resistance to
immune related disease.
4.
The subjects who consumed (употребляли в пищу) the yogurt bacteria
benefited
by a significantly
enhanced immune response.
5.
These improvements are likely to provide significant health
benefits
to those
who eat yogurt with active cultures regularly.
6.
All
bacterial counts
were determined using a modified glove-juice sampling
procedure
(метод забора образцов для бактериологического исследования).
7.
The difference was determined between the amounts of bacteria on hands
artificially
contaminated
with the bacterium Micrococcus luteus before
washing with a nonantibacterial soap and after drying by 4 different methods.
8.
No statistically significant differences were noted in the numbers of
colony-
forming units
for each method.
9.
The objective of this study was to determine the
contamination rate
of the
healthcare workers' (HCWs') (работники здравоохранения) mobile phones
and hands in operating room.
10.
The
gram negative strains
were isolated from mobile phones of 31.3%
subjects.
11.
Distributions of the isolated microorganisms from mobile phones were similar
to hands
isolates.
12.
Mobile phones used by HCWs in daily practice may be a source of
nosocomial
infections
in hospitals.