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13.
Our purpose was to determine whether
bacteremia
or HIV status affects the
radiographic
appearance.
14.
Patients less than 16 years old and those with
nosocomial pneumonia
,
aspiration pneumonia
, or
coexistent
lung disease were excluded
(исключены).
15.
105 patients had positive findings
for
Streptococcus pneumoniae
from
sputum
or blood cultures.
16.
Among all the patients,
focal lobar consolidation
was the most
common
pattern, observed in 48%.
17.
The
radiographic pattern
and incidence
of
multicentric disease
were not
affected by
HIV seropositivity.
Упражнение 2. Прочитайте рефераты медицинских статей. Передайте их
содержание на русском языке по схеме
А. YOGURT WITH ACTIVE BACTERIAL CULTURES IS THE ORIGINAL
HEALTH FOOD
K. Arunachalam, H. S. Gill, R. K. Chandra
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2000. Volume 54, No. 3, pp. 263-267
BACKGROUND
. Yogurt provides beneficial cultures that aid in digestion and
provides an excellent source of calcium. Yogurt may, in fact, be the ultimate health
food by enhancing the immune response in those who eat it regularly. A recent
review of the researches on the immunological effects of yogurt with active
cultures showed that many of the studies produce compelling evidence that yogurt
improves resistance to immune related disease.
AIM
We investigated whether active yogurt bacteria significantly improve human
immunity
.
METHOD
The present study followed 25 healthy, elderly human volunteers in a
randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study. Volunteers were given either
milk or milk with active yogurt bacteria (Bifidobacterium lactis) for six weeks.
RESULTS
. Immune response variables were then measured and the subjects who
consumed the yogurt bacteria benefited by a significantly enhanced immune
response as compared to controls.
57
CONCLUSION
Based on the findings we concluded that these considerable
improvements are likely to provide significant health benefits to those who eat
yogurt with active cultures regularly.
Bifidobacterium lactis – бифидобактерии лактис
as compared to – по сравнению с
B. EFFECTS OF 4 HAND-DRYING METHODS FOR REMOVING
BACTERIA FROM WASHED HANDS: A RANDOMIZED TRIAL
D. R . Gustafson, E. A. Vetter, D. R. Larson
Clinic Proceedings, 2000, Vol. 75, No. 7, pp. 705-708
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of 4 different drying methods to remove
bacteria from washed hands.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
One hundred adult volunteers participated in this
randomized prospective study. All bacterial counts were determined using a
modified glove-juice sampling procedure. The difference was determined between
the amounts of bacteria on hands artificially contaminated with the bacterium
Micrococcus luteus before washing with a nonantibacterial soap and after drying
by 4 different methods (cloth towels, paper towels, warm forced air from a
mechanical hand-activated dryer, and spontaneous room air evaporation). The
results were analyzed using a nonparametric analysis (the Friedman test). By this
method, changes in bacterial colony-forming unit values for each drying method
were ranked for each subject.
RESULTS
The results for 99 subjects were evaluable. No statistically significant
differences were noted in the numbers of colony-forming units for each drying
method.
CONCLUSION
These data demonstrate no statistically significant differences in
the efficiency of 4 different hand-drying methods for removing bacteria from
washed hands.
drying – сушка
nonantibacterial soap – небактерицидное мыло
cloth towel – тканевое полотенце
hand-activated dryer – ручная сушилка
nonparametric analysis – непараметрический анализ
rank – ранжировать
58
C. ARE WE AWARE HOW CONTAMINATED OUR MOBILE PHONES
WITH NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS ARE?
Fatma Ulger, Saban Esen, Ahmet Dilek, Keramettin Yanik et al
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 2009, Vol. 8, No. 7
BACKGROUND
The objective of this study was to determine the contamination
rate of the healthcare workers' (HCWs') mobile phones and hands in operating
room. Microorganisms from HCWs' hands could be transferred to the surfaces of
the mobile phones during their use.
METHODS
200 HCWs were screened; samples from the hands of 200
participants and 200 mobile phones were cultured.
RESULTS
In total, 94.5% of phones demonstrated evidence of bacterial
contamination with different types of bacteria. The gram negative strains were
isolated from mobile phones of 31.3% and the ceftazidime resistant strains from
the hands were 39.5%.
S. aureus
strains isolated from mobile phones of 52% and
those strains isolated from hands of 37.7% were methicillin resistant. Distributions
of the isolated microorganisms from mobile phones were similar to hands isolates.
Some mobile phones were contaminated with nosocomial important pathogens.
CONCLUSION
These results showed that HCWs' hands and their mobile phones
were contaminated with various types of microorganisms. Mobile phones used by
HCWs in daily practice may be a source of nosocomial infections in hospitals.
to transfer – пeреносить
distribution – распределение, распространение
D. EFFECTS OF BACTEREMIA AND HIV SEROPOSITIVITY ON
RADIOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE
Rosita M. Shah
American Journal of Roentgenology, 2000
OBJECTIVE
Our purpose was to establish the incidence of lobar versus
bronchopneumonia patterns in patients hospitalized for pneumococcal pneumonia
and to determine whether bacteremia or HIV status affects the radiographic
appearance.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
81 patients with community-acquired
pneumococcal
pneumonia and positive findings on admission chest radiographs
were
selected from a group of 105 patients with positive findings
for
Streptococcus
pneumoniae
from sputum or blood cultures.
Patients less than 16 years old and
those with nosocomial pneumonia,
aspiration pneumonia, or coexistent lung
disease were excluded.
59
RESULTS
59 (73%) of the 81 patients were bacteremic
and 20 (25%) of the 81
patients were HIV-positive, including
14 patients (17%) who were both bacteremic
and HIV-positive.
Focal lobar consolidation was the most
common pattern,
observed in 48% patients. Multifocal lobar consolidation was
the next most
frequent pattern, occurring in 33%. Multifocal
and focal bronchopneumonia
patterns were seen in 16% and 2%
of the patients, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Lobar consolidation, involving single or multiple
lobes, is the most common
radiographic pattern of community-acquired
pneumococcal pneumonia.
The pattern
of consolidation is not influenced by bacteremia
or HIV status.
involve – поражать
60
Выучите слова и выражения, наиболее часто употребляемые в
рефератах:
1.
Cochrane Central Register of
Controlled Trials
Кокрановский, или Кохрановский,
центральный регистр контролируемых
исследований
2.
diuresis
диурез (1 - образование и выделение
мочи; 2 - количество мочи, выводимой из
организма за определённое время)
3.
encopresis
недержание кала, энкопрез
4.
end-stage renal disease
терминальная стадия почечной
недостаточности, абсолютная почечная
недостаточность
5.
frequency
частота
6.
glomerular filtration rate
скорость клубочковой фильтрации
7.
inhibition
ингибирование, угнетение, торможение
8.
match
согласовывать
9.
MEDLINE
Медлайн (Американская национальная