Файл: Семенчук И.В., Деревлёва Н.В., Князева Ю.В. - Учимся читать рефераты научных медицинских статей на англ. яз.- НОВ.pdf
ВУЗ: Не указан
Категория: Не указан
Дисциплина: Не указана
Добавлен: 03.11.2019
Просмотров: 3016
Скачиваний: 7
61
библиотека медицинской литературы)
10.
nocturia
никтурия (2/3 суточного мочеиспускания
выделяется в ночное время)
11.
quality-of-life scores
показатели качества жизни
12.
reference list
рекомендательный список
,
библиография
13.
relevant studies
релевантные (значимые) исследования
14.
renal perfusion
почечная перфузия
15.
renal vascular resistance
почечное сосудистое сопротивление
16.
survival rate
коэффициент выживаемости,
выживаемость
17.
susceptible
чувствительный
18.
undergo (underwent,
undergone)
подвергаться (операции, обследованию)
19.
urinary incontinence
непроизвольное мочеиспускание,
недержание мочи, энурез
20.
urinary retention
задержка мочи
21.
urinary urgency
неотложный позыв к мочеиспусканию
Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обратите
внимание на перевод выделенных слов
1.
We searched
reference lists
of review articles and
relevant studies
.
2.
The effectiveness of cranberry products in preventing urinary tract infections
was assessed in
susceptible
populations.
62
3.
We assessed the vital status and the risk of
end-stage renal disease
in 3698
kidney donors who donated kidneys.
4.
The survival of kidney donors was similar to that of
controls who
were
matched
for age, sex, and race or ethnic group.
5.
In all patients,
picotamide treatment was associated with an increase in
diuresis
.
6.
Inhibition
of thromboxane A
2
improves kidney
function and beneficially
affects indexes of cardiac performance (функции).
7.
The frequency of urinary incontinence
and urinary tract infection in
children with chronic constipation was evaluated.
8.
Lower urinary tract symptoms were
urinary urgency
and
nocturia
.
9.
Further properly
designed studies
with
relevant
outcomes are needed.
10.
Compared with placebo, effective renal plasma
flow and the
glomerular
filtration rate
increased.
11.
These results indicate that renal thromboxane formation plays
an important
role in
renal vascular resistance
in patients with
severe heart failure.
12.
A total of 576 children
underwent
randomization.
13.
Most donors had
quality-of-life scores
that were
better than population
norms.
Упражнение 2. Прочитайте рефераты медицинских статей. Передайте их
содержание на русском языке по схеме
А. CRANBERRIES FOR PREVENTING URINARY TRACT
INFECTIONS
Ruth G. Jepson, Jonathan C. Craig
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 1
BACKGROUND
Cranberries have been used widely for several decades for the
prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs).
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effectiveness of cranberry products in preventing
UTIs in susceptible populations.
63
DESIGN
A bibliographic search.
METHODS
We searched MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of
Controlled Trials
and reference lists of review articles and relevant studies.
Information was collected on methods, participants, interventions and outcomes.
MAIN RESULTS
Ten studies were included. Cranberry/cranberry-lingonberry
juice versus placebo, juice or water was evaluated in seven studies, and cranberries
tablets versus placebo in four studies. Cranberry products significantly reduced the
incidence of UTIs at 12 months compared with placebo/control. Cranberry
products were more effective reducing the incidence of UTIs in women with
recurrent UTIs, than in elderly men and women or people requiring catheterization.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
There is some evidence that cranberry juice may
decrease the number of symptomatic UTIs over a 12 month period, particularly for
women with recurrent UTIs. It's effectiveness for other groups is less certain.
Further properly designed studies with relevant outcomes are needed.
lingonberry – брусника
B. LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES OF KIDNEY DONATION
Robert Foley, Robert F. Bailey, et al
New Engand Journal of Medicine, January 29
BACKGROUND
The overall evidence suggests that living kidney donors have
survival rate similar to that of nondonors and that their risk of
end-stage renal
disease (ESRD) is not increased.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the survival rate and the risk of ESRD in kidney donors
during a long follow-up period.
DESIGN
A controlled cohort study.
METHODS
We assessed the lifetime risk of
ESRD in 3698 kidney donors who
donated kidneys during the period
from 1963 through 2007, we also assessed the
prevalence of hypertension, general health
status, and quality of life in 255 donors.
RESULTS
The survival of kidney donors was similar to that of
controls who were
matched for age, sex, and race or ethnic group.
ESRD developed in 11 donors, a
rate of 180 cases per million
persons per year, as compared with a rate of 268 per
million
per year in the general population. At a mean of
12.2 years after donation,
32.1% of the subgroup
of 255 donors had had hypertension. Most donors had
quality-of-life scores that were
better than population norms.
CONCLUSIONS
Survival and the risk of ESRD in carefully screened
kidney
donors appear to be similar to those in the general population.
Most donors who
were studied had an excellent quality of life.
lifetime risk – прижизненный риск
64
C. THROMBOXANE INHIBITION IMPROVES RENAL PERFUSION AND
EXCRETORY FUNCTION IN SEVERE CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
Sergio Castellani, Rita Paniccia, Claudia Di Serio, et al
Journal of the American College of Cardiology, July 2, 2003, Vol. 4, No. 1,
pp. 133-139
BACKGROUND
The renal formation of the vasoconstrictor thromboxane A
2
(TxA
2
)
is increased during cardiac failure.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether thromboxane
inhibition
can beneficially affect renal perfusion and clinical conditions
in patients
affected by severe heart failure.
METHODS
By oral administration of picotamide we blocked renal
TxA
2
.
Fourteen patients were studied according to a randomized, double-blinded,
cross-
over design.
RESULTS
Daily 24-hour total urinary thromboxane decreased at the end of
picotamide treatment. Compared with placebo, effective renal perfusion
and the
glomerular filtration rate increased. In all patients,
picotamide treatment was
associated with an increase in diuresis. Patients also showed improvement
in
several clinical parameters, including a significant decrease
in both pulmonary and
venous pressure.
CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that renal thromboxane formation plays
an important role in renal vascular resistance in patients with
severe heart failure.
Inhibition of TxA
2
improves kidney
function and beneficially affects indexes of
cardiac performance.
vasoconstrictor – сосудосуживающий фактор, вазоконстриктор
cardiac performance – сердечная функция
D. ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS AND RECURRENT URINARY TRACT
INFECTION IN CHILDREN
Jonathan C. Craig, Judy M. Simpson, Gabrielle J. Williams
New England Journal of Medicine, October 29, 2009
BACKGROUND
Antibiotics are widely administered to children for preventing
urinary tract infection, but relevant placebo-controlled trials regarding efficacy are
lacking.
65
OBJECTIVES
This study examined whether low-dose, continuous oral antibiotic
therapy prevents urinary tract infection in children.
DESIGNED
A randomized, placebo-controlled study.
METHODS
We randomly assigned children under the age of 18 years with
urinary tract infections to receive either daily trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole
suspension (as 2 mg of trimethoprim plus 10 mg of sulfamethoxazole per kilogram
of body weight) or placebo for 12 months. The primary outcome was
microbiologically confirmed symptomatic urinary tract infection.
RESULTS
From December 1998 to March 2007, a total of 576 children
underwent randomization. During the study, urinary tract infection developed in 36
of 288 patients (13%) in the group receiving trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole
(antibiotic group) and in 55 of 288 patients (19%) in the placebo group.
CONCLUSIONS
Long-term, low-dose trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole was
associated with a decreased number of urinary tract infections in children.
lack
–
отсутствовать
continuous – постоянный, непрерывный