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Medical Education in Russia 248
Year 2. Third Term (17 weeks). September 1 — December 31.
Year 2. FourthTerm (17 weeks). February 7 — May 31.
Упражнение 11. а) Прочтите методические указания к курсу
гистологии для студентов 2 курса лечебного факультета
Московской медицинской академии.
Г>) Задайте вопрос к каждому предложению. Отвечая на вопросы,
расскажите, как организован этот курс в вашем институте.
The course of histology covers the light and electron microscopic
structure of cells, tissues, and organs in relation to their function. It is
designed 1) to acquaint students with cell and tissue structure in corre-
lation to their study of biochemistry and physiology and 2) to provide
(hem with a working knowledge of normal light microscope morphology
as background for their later study of pathology. The lectures will cover
cells and their specialisations in specific tissues such as muscle, nerve,
epithelium, lymphoid and connective tissue. Descriptions of the structure
Monday
Tuesday Wednesd
ay
Thursda
y
Friday Saturda
y
«>-1
1
Physiolog
y
Biochemistr
y
Physiology Philosop
hy
Anatom
y
Anatomy
11-1
3
Anatomy Histology Biochemist
ry
Foreign
languag
e
Histolog
y
Physiolo
gy
14-1
6
Philosophy
Physical
training
Monday
Tuesday Wednesd
ay
Thursday Friday Saturday
9-11 Physiolog
y
Biochemist
ry
Microbio-
logy
Physiolo
gy
Biochemis
try
History of
medicine
11-1
3
Philosoph
y
History of
medicine
Foreign
language Philosop
hy
Physiolog
y
Microbio-
logy
14-1
6
Physical
training
Introducti
on to
clinical
medicine
j Health Care in Russia ❖ 249
of various organs will be correlated with their physiological functions. The
laboratory sessions will give students an opportunity to study the light
microscopic structure of normal cells, tissues, and organs and to review
in small group sessions the concepts covered in the lectures. Students'
knowledge will be evaluated by an oral examination.
Упражнение12.Прочитайте и переведите диалоги. Выучите диалоги
наизусть и разыграйте
1
Antony:Where do you study, Kate?
Kate: I study at the Medical Institute.
Antony: Will you explain to me what you mean? The word «institute**
sounds very unusual to the English ear. Is it a college or a kind of|
University?
Kate: Well, it's a higher education establishment, which trains stu* i
dents to be doctors. You would call it a Medical school.
Antony: By the way, are graduates of Russian medical schools given I
degree?
Kate: No, they are not. The Russian system of academic degrees ill
different. Russian graduates are given diplomas which certify them ai
health care professionals.
2
Jane: What subjects do students study at your Medical School? j
Dmitry: You know, it depends on the faculty and the year they are in.*
Jane: Well, let's say the second year of the Medical Faculty. Dmitry:
Second-year students study anatomy, physiology, histology,4
microbiology, biochemistry and philosophy.
I
Jane: And what about Latin and foreign languages? Dmitry: As for
Latin, we study it in the first year. And we study one foreign language —
English, French, or German for two years.
Упражнение 13. Студенты вашей группы принимают участие во
встрече американских и канадских студентов-медиков. Расскажите
гостям о системе высшего медицинского образования в нашей
стране, используя следующий план.
250 ❖ Learning To Discuss Medicine £
1. The rules of admission to a medical institution of higher learning. 2.
The instruction of medical students in Russia. 3. Pre-clinical subjects in~
Medical schools in our country. 4. Clinical subjects. 5. The practicum at
Medical schools. 6. Facilities for doing research. 7. The work of young
doctors after graduation. 8. Facilities for further training after graduation
from Medical school.
HEALTH CARE IN RUSSIA
Упражнение 1.Прослушайте (прочитайте) и запомните следующие
словосочетания. Переведите предложения.
1.
the Medical Workers' Union профсоюзмедработниковDoctors,
nurses, and all health workers of the hospital are members
of the Medical Workers' Union.
2.
patient's visit to the doctor (syn. doctor's appointment) приемврача,
визиткврачу.
District doctors give consultations to ambulant patients during the patients'
visits to the polyclinic. 3. maternity consultation centre
женскаяконсультацияPregnant women are kept under observation by the
doctor of the maternity consultation centre.
/)
Упражнение
2.
Прослушайте
и
повторите
за
диктором
(преподавателем) следующие слова.
/ г
,
0
.
у
. ■'V'"'
curative ['kjuorativ], charge [tfarcfc], medicine ['medsn], to acquaint
la'kweint], population [,popju'leiJn], prophylaxis [,profi'laeksis], physiotherapy
['fizio(u)'0er9pi], ambulance ['aembjulons], arrangement la'reincfcmant],
psychiatric [,saiki'aetrik], foetus [Titos], maternity Ima'temiti], research
[ri'sa:tf], ischemia [is'kfcmis]
Упражнение 3. Скажите, как с помощью суффикса можно определить,
какой частью речи является слово и переведите производные слова
следующих лексических гнезд.
to prevent - prevention, preventive; to practise - practice, practical,
practitioner; to protect — protection, protective; to detect — detection,
detective; to diagnose — diagnosis, diagnostic
Упражнение 4. Назовите признаки, по которым можно определить, что
данное слово является производным.
j Health Care in Russia ❖ 251
medical, institution, healthy, preventive, curative, examination, infectious,
prevention, treatment, arrangement
Упражнение 5. Прочтите и переведите текст.
Health Care in Russia
A group of British doctors came to Russia last year in the summer as
guests of the Russian Medical Workers' Union. They visited polyclinics and
hospitals as well as other medical institutions in Moscow, Tula, St.
Petersburg and Omsk. Upon their return the British doctors had a talk with
their Russian colleagues.
Dr. Sharland: During our stay in Russia we were kindly acquainted with the
health care system in your country. We've seen that health care in Russia,
both preventive and curative, is available to the whole population.
Dr. Sharova: Dear colleagues, as to the character of health care in our
country, the most distinctive feature of it is the attention paid to prophylaxis.
One of the main tasks in the fight against various diseases the early
detection of the first signs of disease.
Dr. McDonald: Would you tell us how this is done?
.
Dr. Sharova: We pay much attention to the health education of the'
population. We believe that is one of the main available methods qf j
preventing the spread of diseases. For this purpose the press, cinema radio,
and television are very helpful.
Dr. Kelly: We were surprised to find out that general practitioners dd ] <
not exist in your country. We were told that in your country the primary
medical care is provided by polyclinics. We visited some polyclinics^ Your
polyclinics are large medical centres employing many doctors and nurses.
Polyclinics have their own laboratories and X-ray, physiotherapy, surgical
and dental departments. Some have even radiotherapy units.
252 ❖ Learning To Discuss Medicine £
Dr. Kruglov: I would like to add that we have polyclinics for the adult
population of a given area and polyclinics for children. Ambulant patients are
seen at the polyclinic by district doctors. Patients who are seriously ill are
visited by their district doctor at home.
Dr. Sharland: We've seen that district doctors in your country, like their
British colleagues, are on call part of their working day. And how many hours
a day does your district doctor work?
Dr. Nikitina: The doctor works 6 hours a day. For the district doctor this is
made up of 3 hours seeing patients at the polyclinic and 3 hours in visiting
patients in their homes.
Dr. McDonald:And what about your emergency ambulance service?
Dr. Sharova:. The emergency ambulance service operates day апсГnight
and is free of charge. In case of an emergency condition one has to dial 03
for a doctor to come. The ambulances are equipped with diagnostic,
respiratory, and anaesthetic apparatus, as well as blood-trans- fusion and
other devices, which enable the doctor to give emergency surgical and
medical treatment.
Dr. Kelly:We saw several specialised hospitals in St. Petersburg for the
treatment of particular diseases — infectious and psychiatric diseases,
cancer, and eye (ophthalmological) diseases and others. In Moscow we
visited the Mother-and-Child Health Care Centre. This Centre deals with not
only routine problems of obstetrics and gynaecology but also with research
in the normal physiology of a female organism starting from an early stage of
development.
Dr. Nikitina: I'd like to add that the main task of this Centre is to ensure the
birth of a healthy baby. That is why the doctors focus on the problem of the
care for the foetus or «intra-uterine patient» as we say. New methods of
disease prevention, diagnostics and treatment developed at the Centre are
made known to the numerous maternity consultation centres of our country