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j Health Care in Russia ❖ 253
which provide health care for expectant mothers starting from the early
months of pregnancy.
Dr. Stewart:I for myself, am very much curious to know about private
medical practice and medical insurance in Russia.
Dr.Napalkov: At present, there have emerged a number of private
diagnostic and consultation centres, general hospitals and specialised
clinics. Medical and health care is provided in line with compulsory and
voluntary medical insurance programmmes set up by the state via private
insurance companies.
Dr. Sharland: Dear colleagues, we've seen much of the practice of
medicine in Russia. And what are the problems facing medical science in
your country?
Dr. Kruglqv: As for scientific problems, medical research is concerned with
the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular, and oncological diseases, as
well as infections, HIV and ТВin particular. Medical scientists are doing
research into the problems of gerontology, medical genetics, immunology
and the development of artificial organs. Modern non-invasive/minimally
invasive techniques of the surgical treatment of ischemic heart disease have
been introduced, among them coronary artery bypass grafting, percutaneous
transloominal coronary angioplasty or intracoronary stenting.
Dr. Sharland: I'd like to thank you for the warm reception and for the
opportunity to get acquainted with the health care system in your country. We
hope to see a delegation of Russian doctors in Great Britain in the near
future. Thanks very much, again.
Active Words and Word Combinations
health care systemсистема
здравоохранения
healthcare/service
здравоохранение
healtheducationсанитарное
просвещение, пропаганда
здорового образа жизни
topreventпредотвращать
preventiveпрофилактический
preventionпрофилактика
tocureизлечивать
curativeлечебный
to treatлечить
treatmentлечение
chargeплата;
totreatлечить
treatmentлечение
medicine1 медицина 2 терапия,
консервативное лечение 3
лекарственный препарат
tosufferfromстрадать от
(болезни)
unitотделение в стационаре,
специализированный кабинет
254 ❖ Learning To Discuss Medicine £
в поликлинике
districtdoctorучастковый врач
tobeoncallзд. ходить по
вызовам, посещать больных
на дому emergencyсрочность
emergencyambulanceserviceск
орая (неотложная) помощь
emergentсрочный toemergeзд.
появляться,
возникать
researchисследование;
исследовательский
todoresearch (intotheproblem...)
проводить научные
исследования (по проблеме...)
primarymedicalcareпервичная
медицинская помощь,
toprovidemedicalcareоказывать,
предоставлять медицинскую
помощь toequipоборудовать,
снабжать tobeequippedwithбыть
оборудованным чем-либо
equipmentоборудование
Mother-and-ChildHealthCareCent
reЦентр охраны здоровья
матери и ребенка foetusплод,
зародыш «intra-uterinepatient»
«внутриутробныйпациент»
private medical practiceчастная
медицинскаяпрактикаmedical
insuranceмедицинское
страхованиеscienceнаукаscie
ntistученыйscientificнаучныйHIV
(human immunodeficiency virus)
ВИЧ
(вирусиммунодефицитачеловек
а)
ТВ(tuberculosis)туберкулезcoron
ary artery bypass grafting
аорто-коронарноешунтирование
percutaneous transloominal
coronary angioplasty
чрезкожнаятранслюминальнаяк
оронарнаяангиопластика
Упражнение 6. Ответьте на вопросы вашего товарища. Используйте
в ответах слова, данные в скобках.
1. What were the British doctors acquainted with? (health care, pre-
ventive, curative) 2. What is the characteristic feature of health care in
our country? (to pay attention to; prophylaxis) 3. Where is the primary
medical care provided? (polyclinic, out-patient department, ambulant
j Health Care in Russia ❖ 255
patients, district doctor) 4. What do you know about the work of a district
doctor? (to be on call, to visit patients in their homes, to see 5. What are
the problems facing medical science in our country? (prevention,
treatment, cardiovascular diseases, oncological diseases, artificial
organs, to do research into, infectious diseases, HIV, ТВ, to introduce,
modern minimally invasive surgical techniques).
Упражнение 7. Прочтите следующие утверждения и выразите
согласие или несогласие. НачнитесвоиответысословI believe you are
right saying that.,или:In my opinion you are not quite right...
1. Prevention of diseases is the main principle of health care 2. in our
country. 2. There are private clinics in Russia and some medical
institutions are not financed by the state. 3. Large industrial enterprises
do not provide medical care for the workers. 4. Periodic screening is
restricted only to ТВpatients and does not involve patients with hy-
pertension, coronary heart diseases, and diseases of the GIT (gastro-
intestinal tract).
Упражнение
8.
Ваш
товарищ
работает
фельдшером
(doctor'sassistant) на станции скорой помощи. Попросите его
рассказать, как и кому оказывается скорая медицинская помощь.
Используйтеследующиесловосочетанияввашек^беседе.
emergency medical service, to deal with urgent cases, free of charge,
to dial 03 for the doctor to come, blood-transfusion equipment, cases of
myocardial infarction, acute heart disease, to handle any emergency, to
give emergent treatment
Упражнение 9. Прослушайте (прочитайте) диалог. Скажите, какой
вопрос обсуждался на занятии по терапии.
Dialogue
Teacher: Dear colleagues, you know, patients are not used to talking
about their bodily functions and abnormalities. Very often they cannot
easily find the precise words to describe the character of their pain and of
256 ❖ Learning To Discuss Medicine £
the kind of cough ([kof] кашель) that they have, and so on. Today we'll
lalk about pain. The words «pain» and «ache» mean the same thing.
Student If «pain» and «ache» mean the same thing, then we may ask
our patient if he has an ache in his shoulder, for example. It's correct,
isn't it?
Teacher: No, you are mistaken. The thing is that both of these words
are nouns but the word «ache» can be used only with the following
words to form a compound noun: backache, headache, earache, stom-
ach-ache, toothache. For the other parts of the body we say: «I have a
pain in my shoulder, chest», etc.
Student: Is it possible to have pain in the back or in the head?
Teacher: Yes, it is possible to have pain in the back, head and stom-
ach but this generally refers to a more serious condition than backache,
headache and stomach-ache.
/
Student: Can we use the word «ache» as a verb? Is it possible to say j
«My tooth is aching»?
i
Teacher: Quite so. The word «ache» can also be used as a verb. And
the patient may say: «My leg aches after much walking», or «My bade
aches after gardening».
/
Student: And what about the word «hurt»? My patient told me: «Ifly i
chest hurts when I cough».
f у
Teacher: The word «hurt» is another verb used to express injury and t r.
pain. So it's absolutely correct when patients describe their complaint! L
(жалобы) as: «My chest hurts when I cough» or «My neck hurts when \
I turn my head». It means that coughing causes pain in the chest. f
)
Упражнение 10. Прочитайте диалог еще раз и объясните разницу в ?
употреблении английских слов:«pain», «ache», «hurt».
Упражнение 11. а) Прослушайте (прочитайте) диалог и скажите,
какую проблему обсуждают американская студентка и ее подруга из
России, которая учится в США; б) прочитайте диалог еще раз и
найдите английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:
быть больным, плохо себя чувствовать; слабость в ногах; изме-
рять температуру; повышенная температура (жар); посчитать/из-
j Health Care in Russia ❖ 257
мерить пульс; частый пульс; белый/обложенный язык; воспаленное
горло; заболеть гриппом (подхватить грипп)
Dialogue
Linda: You look rather pale, Marina. Are you ill? Marina: I hope not. But
as a matter of fact, I have a headache and I am a little shaky in my legs.
Linda: Did you take your temperature? Marina: I did and I found that I
had a slight fever. Linda: Let me have a look at your tongue and feel your
pulse. First show me your tongue. It is coated (white, furred), and your
pulse is rapid and irregular. Besides, you have a sore throat. Marina: Oh,
yes, I see — that's why I'm feeling unwell. Linda: I fear you have caught a
bad flu (influenza). You'dbetterseeadoctor.
Упражнение 12. Используя информацию и лексический материал
диалога (упр. 11), разыграйте ситуацию, в которой Марина приходит
на прием к врачу.
Doctor: Well, what seems to be the problem?
Marina:
Doctor: How long have you had this headache? Which part of your head
hurts? Marina:
Doctor:Apart from your headache are there any other problems?
Marina:
Doctor: I'd just like to examine your mouth. Your tongue is coated. Any
other problems? Marina:
Doctor: I am going to check your temperature and I would also like to feel
your pulse. Some laboratory tests will be needed as well.
Упражнение 13. Приведенные в случайном порядке высказывания взяты
из беседы врача и его пациента:
а) запишите эту беседу, поставив высказывания в логической
последовательности.
б) прочитайте диалог несколько раз и постарайтесь воспроизвести
его как можно ближе к тексту.