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Medical Education in the USA ❖ 263
school when he has completed pre-medical studies. The appli- cation costs
approximately $ 50.
Sasha Nikiforov: Dr. Nelson, would you kindly tell us about the selection of
students for medical schools?
Dr. Nelson: Sure. Academic achievement is the most important factor in
the selection of students. In most medical schools candidates are required to
pass the admission test. This is a national multiple-choice test. The test lasts
about eight hours over a one-day period and include» questions in biology,
chemistry, physics, mathematics, and English. Then,
L
special admission
committees have personal interviews with the appli- f cant in order to rissfeii
the candidate's general qualities, his character | and his ability to study
medicine.
|
Nina Mironova: Dr. Nelson, is there any competition among the ар- I
plicants to medical school?
■ •
|
Dr. Nelson: There certainly is. I must tell you that the competition is | very
high and only about half of those who apply to medical school are j accepted
and begin their medical education. By the way, what we call J «medical
school» is «medical institute» in your country.
Dean of the Medical Faculty: Dr. Nelson, we know that the curriculum of
medical schools in the USA does not greatly differ from the curriculum in
our medical institutes. Is that right?
Dr. Nelson: Well, the basic sciences are taught largely during the first
two years of medical studies. For instance, in the first year at Johns
Hopkins students study anatomy, biophysics, biochemistry, physiology,
bacteriology, histology and other subjects. In the second year they study
microbiology, pathology, physical diagnosis, pharmacology and laboratory
diagnosis.
The curriculum of the final two years includes clinical subjects. Medical
students do their practicum at teaching hospitals affiliated to the
w
medical
264 ❖ Learning To Discuss Medicine £
school. Students in small groups meet their teachers in the wards and in
the out-patient departments where they participate in the treatment Of
patients.
v
At the end of four years all students receive the Degree of Doctor of \
Medicine, that is the M.D. Then they must work for one year as interns, This
course of training at the hospital or clinic is called an internship.
Dr. Smirnov: Dr. Nelson, yesterday we spoke about the work of you^ig
doctors. You told us thatbfter their internship young doctors must have a
period of residency at the clinic^ For how many years must a doctor work
as a resident?
*
Dr. Nelson: First of all, the period of residency is obligatory for all
medical graduates. This period varies, depending on the specialty of the
doctor. Generally, the period of residency is three or four years. For
instance, residency in surgery and neurosurgery in the Johns Hopkins
School of Medicine lasts four years. Residency in internal medicine,
Medical Education in the USA ❖ 265
preventive medicine and radiology- lasts for three years. After the resi-
dency, the graduate is granted a licence to practice and he may work cither
in government service or in private practice.
Sasha Nikiforov: Dr. Nelson, what is the cost of medical education in
America?
Dr. Nelson: Well, medical schools are gradually increasing their tuition
Гееin all the universities of the USA. Only a small percentage of the
students receive scholarships. The majority of the students have to work to
pay for their studies. The government-financed universities charge less,
while the tuition of the private colleges and universities is extremely high.
For instance, when I was a student (and it's much higher now), the cost of
medical studies for one academic year at the Medical School of Cornell
University in New York, which is privately endowed, was as follows: Tuition
— 9,100 dollars; books, instruments, etc. - 600 dollars; food
-
1,800 dollars; lodging and utilities - 1,400 dollars; health service fee
-
200 dollars; hospital insurance — 143 dollars, personal - 1,200. All in all
it amounted to 14,443 dollars. These figures represent what used to he a
typical budget for an academic year.
The Dean of the Medical Faculty thanked Dr. Nelson and his colleagues
for the talk and invited them to visit the clinics of the Academy.
Active Words and Word Combinations
higher education (syn. higher
learning) высшееобразование
in the first (second) year на
первом (втором) курсе
medicalschoolамер.
медицйнский институт
pre-medsстуденты младших
курсов медицинского
института
266 ❖ Learning To Discuss Medicine £
admissionstestвступительное
тестирование
admissionscommitteeприемная
комиссия
multiple-choicetestтестовый
экзамен с ответами в виде
множественного выбора
affiliated with/to a medical
school
зд. принадлежащий
мединституту, входящий в
структуру института
participate (syn. takepart)
участвовать
DegreeofDoctorofMedicine, M.D.
доктор медицины, (экв.
русскому «Врач») звание,
которое получают
выпускники американских
медицинских вузов
personalinterviewличное
собеседование
residentординатор, врач,
проходящий специализацию
residencyрезидентура
(ординатура), специализация
acceptпринимать
(о beacceptedбыть принятым