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Rufus's first Greek lesson
Flavius has decided that it is time for Rufus to learn Greek.
Corinthus has found an expert teacher who lives in Eboracum.
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urhdie- ovabam rc'0ci time-bam. tancie.m
in p0rlvm navi�bamv<;.
WO R DS TO H E L P
Nouns
Caledonia
(f) Scotland
deis
(m pI) to the gods
grammaticus
(m) teacher
litterae
(f pI) letters
nautae
(m pI) sailors
navis
(f) ship
portus
(m) harbour
tabulae
(f pl) tablets
tempestas
(f) storm
Vetbs
efflabat
it was blowing
erat
it was
habitas
you live
iactabat
it was tossing
navigabam
I was sailing
orabam
I was praying
pluebat
it was raining
timebas
you were frightened
volebam
I was wanting/ I wanted
Infinitives
donare
to give/to donate
gratias agere
to thank
legere
to read
Aqiedives
novus/alum
new
turbulentus/alum
stormy
vent os us/alum
windy
Aqvetbs
nuper
recently
tandem
at last
G RAS P T H E G RA M M A R
I n the picture story, Demetrius is telling the story o f his voyage around
the Western Isles of Scotland. His journey has now finished, so he describes
it to
.
Rufus using a
past tense.
Verbs describe actions that ha ppen in
the past, the present or the future.
The new tense in the story is a past tense called the
imperfect tense.
This is what it looks like in full:
navigabam
navigabas
navigab
at
navigab
ant
I was sailing
you
(sing)
were sailing
he/ she/it was sailing
we were sailing
you (pI) were sailing
they were sailing
Have another look at pictures
3, 4, 5, 6, 7
and
9.
Try to find ten examples of the
imperfect tense.
Write them down and translate them. Make sure
you check the
ending
of the verb to see who is
doing the action.
LAT I N ROOTS
Again, the verb "to be" is an exception. In picture 5,
the i m perfect tense of "to be" is used twice.
The word is
erat
wh ich means "he/she/it was".
Use your knowledge of Latin to explain the underlined word in each sentence.
1
was extremely dangerous in the ancient world.
2
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
is a long poem by Coleridge.
3
My friend had a successful career as a naval captain.
4
Some people disapprove of zoos; they believe that animals should
live in their natural habitat.
S
The pilot advised us to fasten our seat belts as we were experiencing
some turbulence.
6
Shakespeare named one of his plays
The
because of the events
in the first scene.
ROMAN REPORT
For the Romans, sailing was extremely hazardous. Maps of the
world were rare and inaccurate and, with no compasses or modern
navigational equipment, sailors had to find their way by the stars.
Roman sailors preferred not to venture into the open sea. Instead
they sailed short distances from port to port, following the coastline
and using familiar landmarks. During the winter months they did
not sail at all. At the beginning of spring, sailors celebrated the fact
that they could now set out to sea again. It was quite normal to
pray to the gods for safety or even make a sacrifice at the beginning
of a voyage.
The teacher in the story, Scribonius Demetrius, was so thankful for
his safe voyage around Scotland that he dedicated two bronze
tablets to the sea gods, Oceanus and Tethys. These tablets are
written in Greek and they are now in the Yorkshire Museum.
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To Ocean
and Tethys.
Demetrius.
To the gods of
the governor's
residence.
Scrib(onius)
Demetrius.
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The Greek is written in dots punched into the metal and the
writing is all in capitals. It is not easy to read !
Rufus learns his letters
Rufus
�
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scribit.
tandem Rufus omnes
litteras Graecas discit.
e
0irac-c.-ia pvlc.-hra �t.
nc-��c- c-vit tiDi 0irac-c.-iam
v'I�itavc-, prac-c.-ipvc- Pc-Ipho�.
Rufus
� �
'ljJ
scribit.
RU fus diu scribebat.
nunc fessus est.
�od ovac.-vlvm
Pc-Iphic.-vm notvm �t.