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WO R DS TO H E L P
Nouns
annos
(m pI) years
frondes
(f pI) leaves, herbs
oraculum
(n) oracle
Pythia
(f) the Pythia (name
of priestess at Delphi)
responsa Apollonis
Apollo's
answers
sacerdos
(f) priestess
tripode
(m) tripod
Verbs
consulebam
I was consulting
discit
he learns
mandebat
she was chewing
prOferebat
she was uttering
sedebat
she was sitting
Infinitive
scribere
to write
Impersonal verb
necesse erit tibi
you will have to
Pronoun
has
these
Adverbs
diu
for a long time
praecipue
especially
Preposi�ion
ante
before/ago
Adiedive
clarus/alum
famous
G RAS P T H E G RA M M A R
Remember that the most im portant word
in a sentence is the
verb
or action word.
You've now met verbs in several different forms.
Let's have a look at the verb
scribere
wh ich means "to write".
Here are the different endings that you have met:
•
scrIb
ere
(to write) This is called the
infinitive.
•
scribo (I write/ I am writing) This is the
present tense.
The rest of
the present tense looks like this:
scribis, scrIbit, scribimus, scribitis, scri
b
u
nt
.
•
scribe
bam
(I was writing) This is the
imperfect tense,
the new tense
that you have met in this chapter. The rest of the imperfect tense
looks like this:
scribebas, scribe
bat, scribebamus,
scribe
batis,
scribe
bant
.
•
scribe ! scribite! (write!) This is called the
imperative,
or
command
or
order.
•
Then there are
impersonal verbs,
such as
necesse est,
which have "it"
as the subject (it is necessary).
Now let's see if you can recognise
all these different verb forms.
Look back at the picture story. In each picture, pick
out the Latin
verbs.
Say whether each one is an
infinitive,
or the
present
or
imperfect tense,
or
whether it is an
impersonal verb.
Watch out! There are no com mands in this story
but some sentences have more than one verb.
ROMAN REPORT
Delphi
Delphi was an important place for the ancient Greeks and Romans.
According to legend, Zeus sent out two eagles to locate the centre
of the earth. Their paths crossed at Delphi and a great stone called
the
omphalos
(or 'navel stone') was erected to mark the spot. The
whole sanctuary of Delphi was dedicated to Apollo, the god of
prophecy. For over
1,000
years, people came here to co
�
s�
�
t the
oracle when they needed to solve a dilemma. After sacnfIcmg an
animal, they would go to consult the Pythian priestess. After the
priestess had purified herself, she
sat on the sacred tripod, went into
a trance and gave a response from
the god himself. Her replies were
often ambiguous. For example,
King Croesus of Lydia asked if he
should go to war against the
Persians. The priestess replied,
"If you do, you will destroy a great
empire." Croesus went to war and
he did indeed destroy a mighty
empire -- his own.
The ancient site of Delphi
Rufus has had a busy day, learning the Greek alphabet and finding out
all about the world of the Greeks. Corinthus comes in and, together, he
and Demetrius tell Rufus about the gods of the ocean.
OCEANUS AND TETHYS
Oceanus was the eldest of the Titans; he was both a god and a river. He
surrounded the whole of the earth. Every day, the sun and the stars rose and set
in the ocean. Oceanus married his sister, Tethys, who was goddess of the sea
creatures. Fishes were known as Tethys's cattle. Oceanus and Tethys had three
thousand sons and three thousand daughters and one foster-daughter, Hera, the
queen of the gods. Hera's husband, Zeus, often hurt and angered her with his
infidelities. When he fell in love with a nymph called Callisto and proposed to
set her image among the stars as a constellation, Hera fled to her foster-parents
for support. Tethys refused to let Callisto's constellation, the Great Bear, touch
the waters of the ocean at the end of the night. This is why the Great Bear is the
only constellation that never sets below the horizon.
'
The twins are named
Back at home in Eboracum, Lepidina and Rufus are describing to Pandora
the two special days when the twins were named.
oG--to...ro die.. arrilG--I c"t
[...08'011
ad
Vi1/arYl vc"nie..Dant.
�c"d pc-V'TG--v/o�VrYl c,,'Yat t'0d
C-haV'i�a pawa c"V'at.
YlOrYle/YI 1vVrYl 0raiv<;
C-a<;toY" e:-<;t.
WO R DS TO H E L P
Nouns
amici
(m pI) friends
bullas
(f pI) lockets
cognati
(m pI) relations
crepundia
(n pI) rattles/toys
dies
(m) day
dona
(n pI) presents
gladius
(m) sword
nomen
(n) name
villa
(f) house
Verbs
amo
I love
dabant
they were giving
eras
you
(sing)
were
era
I will be
gerebant
they were wearing
reveniebant
they were returning
spargebat
he was sprinkling
tenebat
he was holding
veniebant
they were coming
Infinitive
dare
to give
Aci;edives
aeneus/aJum
made of bronze
duo/duae/duo
two
ligneus/aJum
made of wood
liistricus/aJum
of purification
meus/aJum
my
octavus/aJum
eighth
Aciverbs
fortasse
perhaps
olim
at some time
postridie
on the next day