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134<>Learning to Understand a Medical Text
Кfj tf
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Lesson 10 ❖ 135
I'liese substances which make up the body are not distributed equally in ill
organs. For example, the percentage of water varies from 90—92 per cent in
blood plasma to 72—78 per cent in muscles, 45 per cent in bone, ;md only 5
per cent in tooth enamel. Proteins are found most abundantly in muscles. Fat
is concentrated in the adipose (fat) cells under the skin and around the
intestines. Carbohydrates are found mainly in the liver, muscles and blood.
Carbohydrates are known as the chief source of energy. The absence of
carbohydrates upsets the fat and protein metabolism. As for the minerals, high
levels of calcium and phosphorus form part of (he bones and teeth, sodium
and chloride are found mainly in the body fluids (blood plasma and lymph),
potassium is the main mineral in muscles, iron is essential to red blood cells,
and magnesium is found throughout the body. These are the main minerals to
be supplied to the body as food but many other minerals are essential to the
human body in proportionally smaller amounts. They too must be ingested with
our food| Other types of food (vitamins) needed in very small amounts for
various functions of the body are essential.
You determine how you will feel throughout each day by the type of
breakfast you eat. Your breakfast establishes how readily your body can pro-
duce energy that day or, more specifically, the amount of sugar in your blood.
Your energy production, which corresponds to the quantity of sugar available,
determines how you think, act and feel. Energy is produced in your body when
sugar alone or sugar and fat together are burned (oxidized).
It should be noted, sixty more nutrients are needed to build health. For
example, cheese is an excellent source of protein but is largely lacking in
carbohydrate. Black currants provide a rich source of ascorbic acid though
they make little contribution to the calorie intake of the body. Milk we usually
use is regarded as the most excellent food, for it contains much protein but
little sugar.
136<>Learning to Understand a Medical Text
Кfj tf
Л
Therefore, it is neccessary to select a well balanced diet containing all the
essential nutritional substances to maintain health and to prevent illness.
Notes
1. deficiency diseases авитаминоз
Упражнение 6. 1) Прочтите и переведите текст А. Абзац 3 переведите
письменно. 2) Найдите в тексте А ответы на следующие вопросы и
зачитайте их.
1. Does the oxidation of foods produce heat or energy? 2. How is the food
burnt up? 3. What substance is the most abundant one in the body?
4.
What substances are present in the body? 5. What is the percentage of
different substances in different organs?
3) Найдите в каждом абзаце предложение, выражающее основную
мысль абзаца.
Упражнение 7. Найдите в каждом ряду слово, синонимичное по
значению первому слову ряда.
1. to supply — to give, to furnish, to support, to provide; 2. to upset — to
set up, to disturb, to improve, to distress; 3. food — nourishment, foodstuff,
provision; 4. deficiency — need, luck, shortage, imperfection;
5.
to yield - to send, to give, to submit, to produce
Упражнение 8. Найдите в каждом ряду слово, противоположное по
значению первому слову ряда.
1. the former - the last, the latest, the latter; 2. general — particular, local,
definite, in detail; 3. deficiency - efficacy, efficiency, efficient, effectiveness;
4. essential - unimportant, unnecessary, vital, dispensable
Упражнение 9. Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения,
определите функции инфинитива.
1. The most convenient approach to understand metabolism is to ex-
amine the properties of different sorts of foods. 2. It is interesting to see the
apparatus used to determine the caloric value of different foodstuffs. 3.
From the intestines glucose is absorbed and carried to the liver to be
converted into a form of carbohydrate, glycogen or animal starch. 4. To
reduce weight in an obese patient is an important problem. 5. Fat yields 9
calories of heat per gram instead of the 4 calories to be yielded by sugar.
6.
Muscle fibres have the power to store glycogen.
Lesson 10 ❖ 137
Упражнение 10. Переведите предложения с бессоюзными придаточными.
1. Many substances the organism absorbs may be harmful, and many
harmless substances may be difficult for the organism to handle. 2. We
know proteins are absolutely essential to the proper nourishment of the
human body. 3. There is some evidence vitamin A plays a part to protect the
body against rickets. 4. It is known vitamin Сoccurs abundantly in the juices
of the citrus fruits, tomatoes, germinated seeds, cabbages, carrots, beans,
apples, turnips, rutabagas, raspberries, liver. 5. The carbohydrates animals
most commonly ingest consist of a variety of sugars.
Lesson 10 ^138
Упражнение 11. Переведите следующие предложения и определите
функции словаfor.
1. The young animals are practically porkilothermic at birth and con- linue to
be so for some days. 2. They could not translate the article for it was written in
French. 3. Each organism establishes for itself a level of nitrogen metabolism
which is modified only with difficulty. 4. Carbohydrates and fats are food,
substances which do not contain nitrogen; they have high fuel value, and so
are able to serve for the production of heat.
Упражнение 12. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами
for, as, since, after, before.
1. ... it is commonly stated one of the chief distinctions between animals and
plants lies in the fact that the animals depend upon highly organized foodstuffs
... their source of supply. 2. The protozoa are considered ... very primitive
organisms, rudimentary ancestors of higher animals, ... they are unicellular. 3.
... the discovery of streptomycin, a great deal of information has been
accumulated concerning its use. 4. Rats deprived of vitamin D ... 35 to 40 days
become unable to use their hind legs.
Упражнение 13. Переведите на английский язык.
1. Продукты питания:, которые мы исцользуем, можно разделить на
два общих класса. Это органические и неорганические вещества. 2.
Дополнительные вещества, которые должны присутствовать в нашей
диете, — это витамины. 3. Отсутствие или недостаток углеводов в
организме нарушает жировой и белковый обмен.
Часть II
Слова к части II
cure [kju9] vвылечивать,
излечивать reveal [ri'vi:l]
vобнаруживать, открывать
conduct [kan'dAkt] vвести, прово-
дить (исследование и т.д.)