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W E L C O M E T O T H E W O R L D O F P U B L I C R E L A T I O N S
Contests
A common device for generating news is the contest. In fact, it is often advised that
“if all else fails, sponsor a contest”.
How successful each of these is in generating news often depends on the city and
the scope of the local media. Most major newspapers and broadcast outlets ignore most
of these contests, but weekly papers in smaller towns often thrive on such material.
Personal Appearances
Two kinds of personal appearances generate news. First is the kind where news is
incidental to something else. Second is the appearance where news is the only objective.
Most typical of the first type is the situation where someone makes a speech to an
organization. If the president of a company addresses the local chamber of commerce,
he will be heard by all who attend the meeting.
The audience for the speech, however, may be greatly increased if the media are
supplied with copies of the speech or news release summarizing what was said. As a
general rule, every public appearance should be considered an opportunity for news
both before and after the incident. And, of course, there should always be an effort to
get reporters to attend the meeting and get the story themselves.
□ Notes
Campbell-(Campbell Soup Co)
— компания по производству пищевых продук
тов, зарегистрирована в 1922 г., свою историю ведет с 1869 г. Управление
корпорацией находится в г. Калуене, шт. Нью-Джерси.
General Electric
— “ Дженерал Электрик”, компания по производству элект
ротехнического оборудования, основана в 1892 г. Правление находится в г.
Фэрфильде, шт. Коннектикут.
Lear
— Уильям Лир , инженер-электронщик и промышленник. В 1962 г. осно
вал корпорацию “Лир Джет” (Lear Jet Corp.), которая стала ведущим произ
водителем частных реактивных самолетов.
□ Words and word-combinations
1. to get nationwide publicity — получить известность по всей стране
2. contest — соревнования, конкурс
3. broadcast outlets — теле- и радиоканалы
4. public appearance — появление на публике
5. to address the chamber of commerce — выступить перед торговой палатой
EXERCISES
1. Look up the pronunciation of the following words:
to orchestrate, automatically, broccoli, descending, routine, fanfare.
2. Give English equivalents:
получать выгоду от ч.-л., в национальном масштабе, побочный продукт,
типичный для ч.-л., присудить премию, учредить стипендию, участники,
поток информации, мэр, предоставить копии речи, суммировать.
Reproduce them in situations from the text.
П О С О Б И Е П О А Н Г Л И Й С К О М У Я З Ы К У Д Л Я С Т У Д Е Н Т О В Г У М А Н И Т А Р Н Ы Х В У З О В
59
3. Give Russian equivalents
general nature of a meeting, to orchestrate, to relate smth to smth, trends,
dignitaries, celebrities, to cut the ribbon, groundbreaking, to resist doing smth,
fuel-efficient, to thrive on smth, the scope of smth.
Use them in situation of your own.
4. Translate in writing:
1) The first paragraph of the text
2) The second paragraph of the sector R a l l i e s and P r o t e s t s
5. Give synonyms:
essential, to link with smth, in advance, an aircraft, to reduce the weight,
remarkably, fast, incidental.
6. Give antonyms:
descending, senior, to benefit, to increase the speed, appearance, typical,
ability.
7. Answer the questions:
1) Action generates news, doesn’t it?
2) What should be done if you can’t find anything going on?
3) What contest did Campbell’s sponsor?
4) What topics generate the most interest on the part of editors?
5) How can these topics be used?
6) Are all the events planned primarily to generate publicity?
7) What are the possibilities of an organization to make publicity?
8) Do rallies and protest dem onstrations have high news value from the
standpoint of human interest and conflict?
9) Are demonstrations usually planned in advance?
10) What is the objective of a demonstration?
11) Is the contest a common device to generate news?
12) What are two kinds of personal appearances?
8. Explain the grammatical structure of the sentences.
Use the same structure in the sentences of your own.
1) One rule was that the soup
be used
in the recipe.
2) In both cases, the situation
would have happened
if there
were
no publicity.
3) There should always be an effort
to get reporters to attend
the meeting.
9. Insert prepositions:
1) How successful e a c h ........... these is............g en eratin g news often
depends......... the size..........the city and the scope..........the local media.
2) Weekly papers......... smaller towns often thrive......... such material.
3) C am pbell’s solved a problem ...........its new cream ........... broccoli soup
......... linking it..........President Bush’s dislike......... the vegetable.
4) If it is a large organization, can it do any......... these things......... a national or
regional scale?
5) Most typical..........the first type is the situation where someone makes a
speech......... an organization.
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W E L C O M E T O T H E W O R L D O F P U B L I C R E L A T I O N S
10. Explain the following statements:
J
1) You must look at every possibility in your organization with an eye toward
publicity.
2) At times, things that occur on a routine basis can become the focus of a special
3) The new media are often critisized for their “1
nstinct, but the fact remains
that certain topics are “hotter” than others.
4) For a continuining event, there may be a stream of publicity throughout i t .
coverage and newspaper photographs.
Comment on the following statements:
1) Generating news often takes imagination and creativity, coupled with a strong
ability to solve problems.
2) Creativity and imagination are essential attributes for writers and publicists.
However, these things are difficult to teach and even more difficult to learn.
'opical questions:
1) Do you agree with the list of topics which generate the most interest on the
part of editors? Could you add any more topics to this list?
2) Can you think of any special event to generate publicity?
3) What sort of contests do you know?
)evelop the following statements:
Ijb-News does not jiist happen. Creativity and imagination are required to generate
publicity.
2) Some opportunities for generating publicity include trend stories, special
events, protests and rallies; product demonstration, contests, and personal
appeara«™»s
event.
5) A rally or protest is event oriented and has action, which is ideal for television
А-
П О С О Б И Е П О А Н Г Л И Й С К О М У Я З Ы К У Д Л Я С Т У Д Е Н Т О В Г У М А Н И Т А Р Н Ы Х В У З О В
t
P JJ?T
UNIT
ONE
I
To be effective and persuasive, public relation writing must be conducted within a
legal and ethical framework. First, you must understand legal concepts so as to know
what you may do and what you must avoid. Careless work can lead to costly litigation
for you and your employer. Second, you cannot produce and distribute publicity mate
rials that are credible and believable if you don’t have a strong ethical and professional
orientation. The public demands accountability and won’t tolerate mere “puffery”.
Examples of Legal Problem
As a public relations writer, you represent thejiianagem ent of your organization.
What you release is interpreted as the voice of irianagement. Nevertheless, you can be
held personally liable for any statements that cause defamation or violate the guidelines
of state regulatory agencies. Actions are ordinarily brought against the top officials of
an organization, but remember that you can be named as a co-defendant.
To protect yourself, you should be sure that the facts you are given are accurate. It
is no excuse to say, “The boss told me that was so”. In a trial, you must be able to prove
that you made a reasonable effort to verify information.
Among the actions for which you might be liable are the following:
• Disseminating information that a court or regulatory agency finds misleading,
untrue, or damaging
• Participating in an illegal action
• Counseling or guiding policy to accomplish an illegal action
• Setting up an organization whose real identity is concealed.
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W E L C O M E T O T H E W O R L D O F P U B L I C R E L A T I O N S
□ Words and word-combinations
1. puffery — навязчивая реклама; дутая реклама
2. within a legal and ethical framework — в юридических и этических рамках
3. litigation —
юр.
судебный процесс, судебное дело, тяжба
4. to distribute — распространять, распределять
5. credible and believable — заслуживающий доверия и правдоподобный
6. to demand accountability — требовать отчета
7. to release — выпускать
8. to be held liable for smth — быть ответственным за
9. to cause defamation — явиться причиной диффамации
10. to violate — нарушать
11. a co-defendant —
юр.
соответчик
12. a trial — судебный процесс
13. to verify information — проверить информацию
14. to disseminate information — распространять информацию
15. misleading — вводящий в заблуждение
16. damaging — наносящий ущерб
Libel and Slander
Any false statement about a person that is printed or broadcast and tends to bring
on this person public hatred, contempt, or ridicule or to inflict injury on his or her
business or occupation may be libel. If the statement is broadcast, it may constitute
either libel or slander. If it is made to a third person but neither printed nor broadcast,
it may be slander.
Any plaintiff in a libel suit must prove four points: 1) that the statement was
published to others by print or broadcast; 2) that the plaintiff was identified or is
identifiable; 3) that there was actual injury in the form of money losses, impairment of
reputation, humiliation, or mental anguish and suffering, and 4) that the publisher of
the statement was malicious or negligent.
With public figures — people in government or politics or who are much in the
news — the test is whether the publisherof the statement knew that it was false or had
a reckless disregard for its truth. The question of who is a public figure cannot be
answered arbitrarily, and the courts are inconsistent on this. It often depends on the
context.
With private figures — people who are not officials or prominent in the news —
the test is whether the publisher of the statement was negligent in checking the truth of
it. In quoting someone, for instance, be sure you state exactly what was said.
These few highlights only hint at the ramifications of libel law. For your protection
and for the protection of your organization, you need to dig deeper into this subject.
Remember that you needn’t use a name to commit libel. A recognizable descrip
tion serves the same purpose. If the subject remains unnamed but the public knows who
is being talked about, there may be grounds for a libel case.