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62❖ Learning to Understand a Medical Text |
1. Doctors help people when they are ill. 2. The lecture on anatomy
will begin at 12 p.m. 3.1 go to the Institute by bus. 4. She went home an
hour ago. 5. Hippocrates established medical schools in Athens.
Упражнение 6. Поставьте подлежащие в следующих предложениях
в единственном числе и согласуйте с ними форму сказуемого.
Переведитепредложения.
1. Medical students study the structure of the human body. 2. These
texts are easy to translate. 3. We shall work in the hospital this month. 4.
My friends want to enter a medical college. 5. TheyspeakEnglishwell.
Упражнение 7. Укажите, какие сказуемые в данных предложениях
выражены правильными глаголами.
1. The teacher asked many questions at the lesson. 2. She got all her
text-books from the Institute library. 3. The students worked at the
laboratory under the guidance of their teacher. 4.
Naturalistsdividedallanimalsintotwoclasses.
Упражнение 8. Прочтите следующие слова и сочетания слов.
Переведите их.
a)
jaw [d3o:], heart [ha:t], wrist [rist], thumb [0дт], thus [9as], finger
['firjgo], skeleton ['skelitn];
b)
vertebral column [ 'vaitibral 'kotam], vertebrate animal ['va:tibrit
'aenimsl].
it is so im/portant|, as it is \called|, at the 'upper 'end, there is a'nother
'box of /bones, between the 'shoulder and the /elbow, there are 'eight
'small \bones
Упражнение 9. Отработайте чтение следующих предложений:
The 'most im'portant 'part of the /skeleton | is the \backbone. At the
'upper 'end of the /backbone | there is the \skull.
Упражнение 10. Прочтите и переведите следующие слова.
Запомните значение:
ex-из:exclude, exchange, expel
б) прилагательных:
un-, in-, im-, ir-, il-- отсутствиекачества: unimportant, uneasy,
invertebrate, impure, irregular, irresponsive, illegal, illogical
2. суффиксов:
а) прилагательных:
Lesson 1Ф 63
-у: bony, windy, healthy
-al: social, local, special, spinal, medical, biological
-less- отсутствиекачества: frameless, helpless, lifeless
б) наречий:
-ly: quickly, really, usually, easily, especially, carefully Упражнение 11.
Переведитеследующиепроизводныеслова.
1. bone, bony, backbone, breastbone; 2. to divide into, division, to
subdivide, subdivision, divisible; 3. to include, to exclude, to conclude,
included, exclusively, conclusion; 4. a joint, to join, joined, jointly; 5. to
place, to replace, replacement, to be placed; 6. firm, firmly, to reaffirm; 7.
frame, framework, frameless
Упражнение 12. Просмотрите текст А и скажите, какие части скелета
описаны в данном тексте.
Г
Text А
The Skeleton
1.
The bones form the skeleton of the body. The most important part of
the skeleton is the backbone. It is so important that naturalists divided all
animals into two classes - those which have a backbone and those which
have none. All the higher animals have a backbone, or vertebral column
and they are therefore called (называются) vertebrate animals. The
others are called invertebrate animals.
2.
The bones which form the skeleton or bony framework of the body
include the bones of the head, the bones of the trunk, the bones of the
lower and upper limbs.
3.
At the upper end of the backbone there is the skull. Inside the skull
is the brain. The bones of the head include the bones which make up the
box-like structure, the skull, and freely movable bone which forms our
lower jaw.
4.
There is another box of bones in front of the backbone. The ribs,
which join the backbone behind and bend round towards the breastbone
in front, form a strong cage - the chest, inside of which there is the
; I 64 ❖ Learning to Understand a Medical Text
I,-
heart and the
lungs.
The bones of
the
trunk include
the
spinal column,
the ribs
and the
breastbone.
5. The arms
join the body at
the shoulder,
and the
shoulder itself
consists of two bones -
the collar-bone in front,
and the shoulder-blade
behind.
Betwee
n the
shoulder and the
elbow
there is only one bone in the
arm, but
between the elbow and the
wrist there are two. In the wrist there are eight small bones. They are bound
(связаны) together, but their large number allows the wrist to bend freely.
Next come the bones of the hand itself. In the body or palm of the hand
there are five long bones - one for each finger and one for the thumb. Each
of the fingers has three bones, and the thumb has two. Thus we have
twenty-seven bones in the framework of the hand and wrist alone.
Sku
ll
Fig.
1.Skeleton.
Phalang
es
Maxilla
Mandible
Cervic
al
vertebr
a
Scapula
Thorac
ic
vertebr
a
^Lumb
ar
vertebr
a Ilium
Sacru
m
i
Coccyx
ol
Clavicle
Sternu
m
Humer
us Ribs
Ulna
Radius
Pubis
Fibula
Г-
-■JZ
r
Lesson 1Ф 65
I'
4 х
* •<
с 1
"
Упражнение 13. 1) Прочтите и переведите текст А. Абзац 5
переведите письменно. 2) Найдите в тексте А ответы, на следующие
вопросы и зачитайте их.
/ j,
I \iJ J
1. Is the backbone the most important part of the body? 2. What
classes do the naturalists divide all the animals into? 3. What does the
skull include? 4. The bones of the trunk include the spinal column, the
ribs and the breastbone, don't they? 5. Howdoesthewristwork?
3) Составьте письменно план текста А. Упражнение 14.
Подберите к латинским словам английские эквиваленты.
mandible
limb
extremity
lower jaw
v r
j
maxillar
collar-bone
1
'
clavicle
upper jaw
Упражнение15.Подберитепарысинонимов.
vertebral column, injury, cage, damage, harm, box, backbone
Упражнение 16.Подберитепарыантонимов.
to include, inside, immovable, in front of, lower, behind, invertebrate, to
exclude, movable, vertebrate, outside, upper, higher
Упражнение 17. Переведите следующие предложения. Определите,
какими частями речи являются выделенные слова.
66❖ Learning to Understand a Medical Text |
Упражнение 19. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая
внимание на оборотthereis.
i
1. There is the skull at the upper end of the backbone. 2. There are
many illustrated books on Human Anatomy. 3. There are three bones in
each finger. 4. There is no backbone in invertebrate animals. 5. There are
special hospitals for children in every town.
Упражнение 20.Поставьте сказуемые в следующих предложениях в
отрицательной форме, переведите предложения.
Образец: I went to see them yesterday.
ГЖ^
I did not go to see them yesterday. \ 1. The professor
asked many questions at the seminar. 2. I got many text-books from the
library. 3. I entered the Institute last year. 4. We shall help him with his
studies. 5. He knows Human Anatomy well.
Упражнение 21. Задайте вопросы, ответами на которые были бы
следующие предложения.
1. Yes, they do. The bones form the skeleton of the body. 2. Yes, they
did. Naturalists divided all animals into two classes. 3. Yes, they will. The
first-year students will study the structure of the human body this year. 4.
Yes, they do. The bones of the trunk include the spinal column, the ribs
and the breastbone.
Упражнение 22. Прочтите предложения, поставив глаголы, данные в
скобках, в соответствующих временах группы Indefiniteи согласуйте их
с формой подлежащего и контекстом.
Образец:Do
Did Will
I do. I did.
I shall (will).
you study anatomy in the first year? Yes,