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Lesson 3 О-87
Left
pulmonary
artery
Pulmonary
artery
Left atrium
Mitral
valve
Aortic
valve Left
ventricle
Interventricular
septum
Right ventricle
3.
Blood vessels that receive blood from the ventricle and lead it away
from the heart and towards other organs are arteries («air duct» — Greek).
The vessels received this name because the early anatomists assumed
that they had been empty in dead persons and had carried air.The artery
that takes up theblood from the right ventricle and carries it to the lungs is
the («lungs» — Latin). The pulmonary artery divides in two - one branch
leads to the right lung, the other — to the left. The arteries continue to
divide and subdivide and form smaller and smaller vessels with thinner
and thinner walls. The smallest arteries are the arterioles and these finally
divide into capillaries («hairlike» — Latin). We name them so because of
their fineness, though actually they are much finer than hairs.
4.
Gradually the capillaries begin to join into larger vessels. Such larger
blood vessels that carry blood to the heart from the organs are the veins.
The smallest of these are the venules.
5.
The particular vein into which the capillaries and venules of the lungs
finally unite is the pulmonary vein. The pulmonary vein carries the freshly
oxygenated blood to the left auricle. The pulmonary artery and pulmonary
vein make up the pulmonary circulation.
6.
The contraction of the left ventricle forces the blood through a
one-way valve into the aorta («to lift up» — Greek). Thp aojjta is the largest
artery in the body. It movfes upward at first (the ascending orta), but then
Right atrium
Pulmonary
valve
Tricuspid
valve Interior
vena cava
Right pulmonary
a**™
Fig. 3. Diagram of the heart.
Aorta ----
Superior vena
cava
88 ❖ Learning to Understand a Medical Text
f
arches over dorsally (the arch of the aorta). In its downward course, the
aorta passes through the diaphragm.
7.
The blood is a red fluid, which coagulates when escapes, from a
blood vessel. It consists of a colourless fluid, plasma or and many millions
of minute bodies, the corpuscles.
Lesson 4 -О-
Notes
1.
inch(сокр.in.) = 2,54 cm (centimetres)
2.
ounce(сокр.oz.) = 28,33 gram (grammes)
Упражнение 12. Подберите к латинским словам английские
эквиваленты.
Упражнение 13. Подберите пары синонимов.
substance, to supply, to nourish, because of, because, minute, tiny, to
provide, to obtain, due to, fine, as, matter, to feed
Упражнение 14.Подберитепарыантонимов.
larger, upward, ascending, colourless, thick, colourful, thin, descend-
ing, downward, smaller
Упражнение 15. Переведите следующие предложения. Определите,
какими частями речи являются выделенные слова.
1. The number and even nature of the clots in the veins and arteries
differ according to their size. 2. Under the microscope we can see the
membrane which consists of a number of separate cells. 3. Blood
includes minute bodies, which give the blood its colour. 4.
Theheartmakes70-80 contractionsaminute.
Упражнение 16. Переведите следующие предложения. Определите
временную форму глагола-сказуемого.
1. The heart is beating in the experimental animals even when we
destroy the nerve supply. 2. The vena cava brings deoxygenated blood
which has passed through the body to the right atrium. 3. During diastole,
the atrium of the heart is filling with blood from the venae cavae and the
pulmonary vein. 4. We were discussing the anatomy of the heart at the
English lesson yesterday. 5. We shall still be working at this problem for
another week. 6. The teacher corrected the tests which the students had
written the day before.
Упражнение 17. Поставьте прилагательные в следующих
предложениях в сравнительную или превосходную степень.
male
femal
e
thorax
dorsal
spinal
chest
man
woman
90 ❖ Learning to Understand a Medical Text
f
1. The veins are (large) than capillaries. 2. The aorta is the (large)
artery which distributes the blood throughout the body. 3. I know the
Lesson 4 -О-
structure of the heart (good) than that of the lungs. 4. Anatomy is (diffi-
cult) subject for me. 5. The human heart weighs (little) than a pound.
Упражнение 18. Найдите в каждой колонке прилагательное в
сравнительной степени.
л) shoulder
b) other
с) thinner
longer
liver
father
closer
smaller
thicker
larger
summer
greater
Упражнение 19. Переведите следующие предложения, выбрав
подходящее мо смыслу слово в скобках.
1. The capillaries got their names (because, because of) they resem-
ble hairs. 2. The blood reaches the arteries (because, because of) the
contraction of the heart. 3. The two blood streams do not readily mix in
the ventricle (because, because of) the muscular meshwork within its
cavity. 4. (Because, because of) arteries carry blood away from the heart,
they must be strong enough to withstand the high pressure of (he
pumping action of the heart. 5. If we stimulate the nerve in the ear by
electricity, the ear becomes blanched (because, because of) the arteries
contract.
Упражнение 20. Переведите на английский язык.
1. Сердечно-сосудистая система включает сердце, артерии, вены
и капилляры. 2. Кровь возвращается к сердцу по венам (посред-
ством вен). 3. Правая и левая части сердца состоят из двух камер:
предсердия и желудочка. 4. При сокращении левого желудочка
кровь проталкивается в аорту. 5. Стенки капилляров такие тонкие,
что питательные вещества и кислород проходят через них в ткани.
Упражнение 21. Опишите сердечно-сосудистую систему, используя
рис. 3.