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108 ❖ Learning to Understand a Medical Text
f
Упражнение
4.
Найдите
и
переведите
предложения,
гдеasиsinceявляются союзами.
1. Waste products such as products of albuminous nutrition are excreted
by the kidneys. 2. Since water is taken into the body, some of it is excreted
through the lungs and perspiration. 3. The kidneys contain a large number of
nerve fibres as their work is regulated by the nervous system. 4. As the renal
blood vessels are dilated, the urine formation is changed. 5. Since last week
there was no protein or sugar in the urine analysis. 6. Some waste materials
are carried to the bladder and excreted as urine.
(Ответ: 2, 3, 4. Если вы ошиблись, повторите §§ 37, 38 Грамма-
тического справочника.)
II. Physiology
LESSON SEVEN
BLOOD. CIRCULATION
1.
Причастия Iи IIв функции определения (§§ 20, 21)
2.
Согласование времен (§ 18)
3.
Функции слов after, before (§ 37)
, л
t
Lesson 7 ❖ 101
* \ « ■
Часть I
| .
_
_
^
;
I i I I
Слова к части I
1
J
Ntain [stein] v окрашивать; ппятно increase [in'kri:s] v усиливать(ся),
leucocyte ['lju:kasait] n лейкоцитувеличиваться); ['inkri:s] n возра-
lymphocyte [limfssait] n лимфоцитстание, увеличение
major ['meicfea] а большой, более invade [inveid] vвторгаться
важный
lobe [loub] nдоля
majority [ma'dtpriti]nбольшинство nucleus ['nju:klids] (pi.nucleidye [dai]
nкраситель; vкрасить [ nju:kliai])nядро
wound [wund] nрана
succeed [ssk'sird] vследовать за
чем- attract [s'traekt] vпривлекать, при- л.; преуспевать
тягивать
success [sak'ses]п успех
phagocyte ['faegasait]п фагоцит
successive [sak'sesiv]а последова-
phagocytosis ^faegasai'tousis]п фаго- тельный, следующий один за
цитоз
другим
node [noud]п узел
thus [9as]advтак, таким образом
neutrophil ['nju:trafil]п нейтрофил
trap [traep] vзахватывать
Упражнения
Упражнение 1. Найдите в следующих сочетаниях слов формы
причастий I и II. Переведите их.
a)
the urinary system consisting of two kidneys; the ureters conducting
the urine from the kidneys; a tube leading from the bladder; tubules
making up the parenchyma of the kidneys j ^ / " , r; „
b)
a thin capillary network called glomerulus; urea dissolved in water;
blood vessels straped like a ball
Упражнение 2. Раскройте скобки, используя причастия I и II.
Переведитеданныепредложения. .
1. The system (выводящая) the largest part of the waste products of
the body is called the urinary system. 2. The capsule (окруженная) by
perirenal fat is called the adipose capsule. 3. The urethra is a tube
(ведущая) from the bladder. 4. Each renal artery branches into many
small arteries (которыеназывают) arterioles. 5. Ureters are muscular
tubes (выстланные) with mucous membrane. 6. The agents
(увеличивающие) the resistance of the organism to an inflammatory
process are: rational diet, balneo- and vitamino- therapy as well as
immunotherapy.
t
Упражнение 3. Сравните следующие предложения. Объясните
употребление правила.
110 ❖ Learning to Understand a Medical Text
f
1. She thinks she will pass her win- She thought she would pass her ter
exams successfully.
winter exams successfully.
2.
We know the urinary system
consists of two kidneys, ureters,
the bladder and the urethra.
3.
The doctor says that in this case
the operation on the right kid-
ney is necessary.
4.
The patient asks whether
stones in the kidneys (or in the
bladder) are a very common
condition.
We knew the urinary system con-
sisted of two kidneys, ureters, the
bladder and the urethra. The
doctor said in that case the
operation on the right kidney had
been necessary.
The patient asked whether stones
in the kidneys (or in the bladder)
were a very common condition.
Упражнение 4. Определите, в каких предложениях прошедшее
время глагола-сказуемого переводится настоящим временем.
Переведитеданныепредложения.
1. It was found that after ligation of the common duct in dogs a rise in
the bilirubin concentration of the blood did not occur. 2. The patient said
that he felt better. 3. Many authors stated that the new methods of
treatment of gastric ulcer had been used successfully. 4. It was proved
that saliva varied according to metabolic status and changes in diet 5,
Mechnikov thought that the extreme age attained by Bulgarian pe^aflts*
resulted from the use of sour goat milk and the growth in the colon of the
milk-souring bacterium «Bacillus bulgaricus». 6. Galen thought that the
heart was the source of the body's heat.
Упражнение 5. Прочтите и переведите предложения со
словамиafter,before.
1. Will you return your textbooks to the library before your
examinations start? 2. The animal died on the 3rd day after innoculation.
3. The patient felt bad before the operation on his kidney. 4. The blood
after circulation in the glomerulus emerges into capillaries on the walls of
the uriniferous tubes. 5. He never met the man before. 6. After the food
leaves the stomach it is acted on by several digestive enzymes.
Упражнение 6. Прочтите и переведите следующие слова.
Lesson 3 О-111
protoplasm ['proutaplaezm], neutral [ nju:tr(9)l], eosinophil [^ia'sinofil],
primarily ['praimsrili], to pierce [pias], chemotaxis [,kem9(u)'taeksiz],
throughout [0ru(:)'aut]
Упражнение 7. Запомните значение нижеприведенных суффиксов.
Прочтите и переведите следующие слова.
1. Глагол + -ег = существительное, обозначающее а) деятеля; б)
аппарат: towriteписать —writerписатель.
112 ❖ Learning to Understand a Medical Text
f
a)
to teach - teacher, to observe - observer, to invade - invader;
b)
to intensify - intensifies to amplify - amplifier, to magnify -
magnifier
■<
2.
Глагол
+-ment=
существительное,
обозначающее
действие, состояние, результат действия: tomoveдвигаться —
movementдвижение.
V
to improve - improvement, to involve - involvement, to manage —
management
ЬдУ
1
^
Упражнение 8. Прочтите и переведите следующие гнезда слов.
^
1. (to) increase, increasing, increased; 2. to invade, invader, invading;
3. (to) wound, wounded; 4. to succeed, success, sifccessive, succession,
successively; 5. to attract, attraction, attractive; |6. (to) dye, dyeing, dyed;
7. (to) stain, stained, staining, stainless ^ j. ^
Упражнение 9. Просмотрите текст А и скажите, что говорится в
тексте о двух типах клеток.
,I
- : Ч,
"Т ,<j
О
Г
Text А
1
1.
Leucocytes.
About 65 per сѐAt df all white cells are leucocytes. Their protoplasm
contains granules. Those leucocytes that stain neutral dyes — as the
majority do — are called neutrophils. About 1.5 per cent of the total stain
with acid dyes and are called eosinophils. And a still smaller number, 0.5
per cent, have granules that stain with basic dyes; these are called
basophils. The percentage of oesinophils increases greatly when
parasites invade the body.
; ^ ...
2.
One characteristic of leucocytes is the irregular, or lobed, appear-
ance of the nucleus. The number of lobes is an index to the cell's age.
Ordinarily, about 45 per cent of all leucocytes have a nucleus of three
lobes. The life span
1
of a leucocyte is short, from four to twelve days.
\
LeucocytesаМ-Lytiiphocytes
(Щи. ЛOjj^rn^ut^
About 65 per cent df all white