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Lesson 3 О-113
3.
/The function of leucocytes/s primarily that of protection
against infection. After the skin is pierced and the wound becomes
infected, leucocytes from all the body are attracted to this place. Just
what attracts them is not known — the process is called chemotaxis —
probably some by-product of bacterial metabolism. When they arrive at
the wound, they leave the blood stream. They wage war on the invaders,
engulfing the bacteria within their own protoplasm, a process called
phagocytosis (literally «cell-eating»). Before the infection is not too
overwhelming, the victory usually goes to the leucocytes.
1
114 ❖
Learning to
Understand
a Medical
Text
Blood
I
Formed elements
I
Erythrocytes Thrombocytes Leucocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
Fig. 7.The formed elements of blood.
4.Lymphocytes. These cells, which comprise about 35 per cent of the
white cells, have a nucleus which practically fills the cell. They are
produced in lymph nodes scattered throughout the body; the tonsils are
examples of lymph nodes. They live only a few hours after they leave the
blood stream. They are incapable of movement and thus cannot pursue
bacteria and have little cytoplasm so that phagocytosis is practically out
of the question, bacteria trapped in lymph node$ provoke the form^ti^n of
them^j Unfortunately if the infection is overw^elmi!^ the lymbfiV nodes
themselves become infected. Thus in guinea pigs it has been possible to
trace the route of tubercle bacilli from the intestines to the lungs, as the
route is marked by successively infected lymph nodes.
Notes
1. lifespanпродолжительность жизни i
Упражнение 10. 1) Прочтите и переведите текст А. Абзац 3
переведите письменно. 2)
НайдитевтекстеАответынаследующиевопросы.
1. What is the difference between neutrophils* basophils and eosino-
phils? 2. When does the percentage of eosinophils increase? 3. The
process of chemotaxis means «cell-eating», doesn't it? 4. What stimu-
lates the formation of lymphocytes? 5. When do the lymph nodes be-
come infected2 6. What kind of experiment is performed to prove this
statement?
Plasma
£
1
Lesson 6 О- 115
Упражнение11.Подберитепарысинонимов.
I
ordinarily, primarily, to consist of, all over, about, chiefly, throughout,
usually, approximately, to comprise
Упражнение12.Подберитепарыантонимов.
regular, to arrive, usually, fortunately, to leave, irregular, unfortunately,
unusually
Упражнение 13. Переведите следующие предложения с причастиями I и
И.
д^л
1. One of the most important functions served by blood cells is the ingestion
of foreign particles. 2. The blood is not the only fluid transporting material to
different parts of the body. 3. The blood plasma contains among other things a
soluble protein known as fibrinogen.
4.
Blood and lymph are composed of cells dispended and carried within a
watery fluid. 5. Leucocytes are divided into two major types: granulocytes,
containing large granules in their cytoplasm and granulocytes lacking granules
in their cytoplasm.
Упражнение 14. Переведите следующие предложения. Определите, в
каких предложениях используются правила согласования времен.
1 _
г
tralen thought that the heart was the source of the body's heat and that
the blood was the oil which fed the flame. 2. It was established that the exact
form of the corpuscle was dependent upon the osmotic pressure of the fluid in
which it is immersed for examination. 3. Fry considered that the blood platelets
in man arose from the erythrocytes. 4. It has been commonly stated that the
hemoglobin served as the carrier of oxygen. 5. It was demonstrated that
rhythmic contractions would not continue long when sodium chloride was
absent.
Упражнение 15. Переведите следующие предложения, определите
функции слов after, before.
1. Anaemia is a medical condition which occurs after the reduction in the
number of erythrocytes or amount of hemoglobin in the circulating blood. 2.
Reticulocytes contain hemoglobin and after they are stained with a dye, their
cytoplasm reveals a dense network of granules. 3. The granules in the
eosinophils turn red, or a rosy colour, after the addition of an acid dye. 4.
Lesson 6 О- 117
Neutrophils increase in number after pyrogenic (fe- ver-producing) infections
and in certain forms of leukemia.
5.
It is known that the heart is beating in the embryo before it is supplied with
nerves and it will continue to beat in experimental animals even if the nerve
supply is cut. 6. In fish embryos the heart begins its rhythmic movement,
presumably, before any connection of nervous elements of the heart
musculature has been established.
106 ❖ Learning to Understand a Medical Text Упражнение16.Переведите на
английский язык.
1. Лейкоциты составляют около 65% всех белых клеток. 2. Около 45%
лейкоцитов имеют ядра, состоящие из трех долек. 3. Лимфоциты
составляют около 35% белых клеток. 4. Они вырабатываются в
лимфатических узлах, разбросанных по всему телу.
Упражнение 18. Опишите форменные элементы крови, используя рис. 7.
Часть II
Слюа к части II
beat [bi:tl v бить; пудар;beating
fbi:tir)] пбиениеrelax [ri'laeks] v
расслаблятьсяrelaxation
[,ri:laek'seijn] n расслабление
property ['propsti] n
свойствоrespond [ris'pond] v
реагировать, отвечать
response [ris'pons] n ответ,
откликresponsive [ris'ponsiv]
аответныйstimulus ['stimjulas] (pi.
stimuli
['stimjulai]) n стимулforce [fo:s]
v заставлять,
принуждатьmaintain [mein'tein] v
поддерживать,
сохранятьalthough[э:Гдои]con
jхотя, несмотряvolume [voljum] n
объемadd [aed] v
добавлятьaddition [s'dijn] n
добавлениеadditional [d'dijnl]
адобавочный,
дополнительный amount
[a'maunt] nколичество, сумма
output ['autput] nвыброс reason[
ri:zn] nпричина, основание
consider [kan'sids] vсчитать,
полагать
consideration [k9n,sidd'reijn]
nсоображение, рассмотрение
considerable [k9n'siddrdbl] а
значительный
entire [m'tais] а целый, весь,
полныйstroke [strouk] nудар