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Упражнение
2.Заменитеследующиепридаточныепредложенияпричаст-
нымиоборотами,
оставивсоюзныесловаwhen,
while,
if.Переведитеэтипредложения.
Образец 1:When the ward doctor examines his patients,he usually
checks up their blood pressure.
Lesson 3 О-111
When examining his patients the ward doctor usually
checks up their blood pressure.
1. When leucocytes arriye at the wound, jlfey leave the blood stream.
2. While leucocytes engulf the bacteria within their own protoplasm,
they wage war on the invaders. 3. When muscles contract, they exert a
milking effect on the blood vessels which they contain.
/
м ' i,'
:
Образец 2:When people are hospitalized, they undergo a thorough
medical examination.
When hospitalized, people undergo a thorough medical
examination. '
1. When the heart muscle is stimulated, it contracts. 2. Medical treat-
ment must be more useful if it is^pplied immediately. 3. Certain drugs may
cause serious harm if they are used without doctor's permission.
Упражнение 3. Определите независимый причастный оборот в
следующих предложениях. Переведитепредложения.
1. There is a great deal of difference in the phagocyte activity of cor-
puscles concerning such substances as carbon and quartz particles, the
former being ingested much more rapidly than the latter. 2. During the
experiment the node and all efferent vessels were cleaned, care being
taken to avoid trauma to the structures. 3. The heart is a double pump, the
volumes expelled by the right and left ventricles being the same.
4.
The experiment having been finished, we were ready to discuss it.
5.
Diastole is the relaxation phase of the heartbeat, the atria and ventri-
cles filling with blood. </
у
Упражнение 4. Переведите следующие предложения. Определите,
какую функцию выполняют словаboth, both... and.
1. When making a transfusion, it is ideal to have both donor and
recipient of the same blood group. 2. The teacher showed us the picture
of the heart in both systolic and diastolic phases. 3. The pleural surface
112 ❖ Learning to Understand a Medical Text
f
normally has the tissue on both sides. 4. Heart rate, arterial pressure and
cardiac output were examined in both groups of patients. 5. Both blood
and lymph protect the body carrying disease-fighting cells (phagocytes)
and protein substances called antibodies which combat infection.
6.
Both the diaphragm and the ribs move rhythmically and regularly
during respiration.
Упражнение 5. Напишите глаголы, от которых образованы
следующие существительные. Переведитеих.
inhalation, exhalation, respiration, expansion, exertion, contraction,
construction, action, acceleration
Упражнение 6. Прочтите и переведите следующие гнезда слов.
1. to decrease, to increase, decreased, increasing; 2. to participate,
participation, participant, participating; 3. to accelerate, acceleration,
accelerated, accelerating; 4. to assist, assistance, assistant, assisting; 5.
to contract, contraction, contractility, contractile, contracted
Упражнение 7. Прочтите и переведите следующие сочетания слов.
increasing the size of smth, the increased capacity, the contraction of
certain muscles, an expansion of the lung, accelerated respiration, to
assist in producing inspirations
Упражнение 8. Просмотрите текст А и скажите, что в нем сказан^о
движении мышц при дыхании.
^
Text А
1
j
Movements of Breathing Mechanism of Inhalation and Exhalation
1. Respiration consists of rhythmically repeated inhalations and ex-
halations. Inhalation takes place as follows: fthe muscles participating in
inhalation contract under the influence of nerve impulse^/ While
contracting the diaphragm descends (flattens) increasing the vertical size
of thoracic cavity. Сontraction of the external intercostal and certain other
muscles elevates the ribs increasing both the anteroposterior and
transverse size of the thoracic cavity^Thus muscular contraction
Lesson 6 О- 113
increases the capacity of the thorax. Since the pleural cavity contains no
air and the pressure in it is negative both lungs expand
simultaneously with the increase in capacity of the thorax. The lungs
expanding, the air pressure in them drops and atmospheric air rushes into
the lungs through the air passages. Hence an inhalation involves a
contraction of muscles, an increase in the capacity of the thorax, an
expansion of the lungs, and entrance of atmospheric air into the lungs
through the air passages. {
< -
2.
Inhalation is followed by exhalation. The muscles participating in
inhalation relax, jthe ^apKagm
The ribs drop as a result of con-
traction of the internal intScostar^and other muscles and because of their
own weight. The capacity of the thorax decreasing^he lungs become
compressed', ifte pressure in {hetn rises and the air rushes out through
the air passages.
3.
The respiratory movements are rhythmic. An adult at rest makes
16—20 respiratory movements per minute, children make more move-
ments (a newborn child makes up to 60 movements a minute)/Physical
exertion, particularly in untrained people, is usually accompanied by
Caster respiration. Accelerated respiration is also observed in many dis-
eases. Sleep is accompanied bwia slowing of respiration.
4.
Movements of breathing. Changes in the volume of air in the lungs
are brought about by movements both of the diaphragm and ribs^ Con-
Fig. 8.Diagram of lungs.