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Motor area
Lesson 13 <► 169
thyroidectomy or management with antithyroid drugs. 4. The ovaries are
held in place on either side of the uterus by the utero-ovarian ligaments. 5.
In his last report the professor spoke neither of hyperfunction nor
hvpofunction of endocrine glands'. 6. Overproduction of glucocorticoids
leads not only to obesity, moonlike fullness of the face but also to elevated
blood sugar, high blood pressure and weakness (fatigue).
(Ответ: 1, 3, 5, 6. Если вы ошиблись, повторите § 40 Граммати-
ческого справочника.)
Упражнение 3. Расшифруйте данные
сокращения, i., f., oz(s), g., lb., 1., ml., cm.
(Ответ:inch, foot (pi feet), ounce(s), gramme (gram), libra(nam.
дляpound), litre, millilitre, centimetre.)
Упражнение 4. Опишите функции эндокринных желез, используя рис.
12.
LESSON THIRTEEN
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
1.
Герундий (§ 23)
2.
ing-формы в различных функциях (§ 24)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ г --- -V- >
Часть I
л Ь
\ ■ \
Слова к части I
actually
['aektjuali]advдействительно,
фактически touch [UtJ] vтрогать,
касаться bundle[ЪлгкИ] п пучок,
узел cerebrum ['seribram] п
головной мозг cerebellum[
seri'belam] п мозжечок feel [fi:l]
vчувствовать, ощущать feelingп
чувство, ощущение treat [tri:t]
vлечить; обрабатывать;
обращаться treatment
['triitmsnt] п лечение, терапия;
обработка; обращение
170<>Learning to Understand a Medical Text
Кfj tf
Л
Упражнения
Упражнение 1. Переведите следующие предложения с герундием.
1. Stimulating the somatotropic hormone upon growth can be partly
correlated with its acceleration of metabolism. 2. Certain researchers
believe that the hypophysectomized animal differs essentially from the
normal in that it has lost the power of converting fateto carbohydrates. 3. In
acromegaly and gigantism X-ray pictures re9fr&i
L
fre?pening the pituitary
fossa of the sphenoid bone. 4. The thyroidectomy is removing the thyroid
gland. 5. Thyroxine and the somatotropic pituitary hormone
are regarded as basic metabolic hormones necessary for maintaining
general nutritive conditions.
Упражнение 2. Найдите ing-формы в следующих предложениях.
Переведитепредложения.
1. Thyrotropic hormone is of considerable importance not only in
regulating the thyroid secretion but in accounting for many metabolic
effects. 2. Related injections of extracts containing ketogenic hormones
cause fat infiltrations of liver, reduction in fat of other tissues and keto-
sis. 3. The stimulating action of the somatotropic hormone upon growth
can be partly correlated with its acceleration of metabolism. 4. Injecting
hormones into normal young animals results in animals of large size and
precocious sexual development. 5. Acromegaly and gigantism produce
overgrowing of bones and there may be an actual lengthening of the
spinal column.
Упражнение 3. Отработайте чтение следующих слов.
nerve [na:v], touch [UtJ], actually ['aektjuali], area ['еэпэ], ether ['i:6dL
anesthetics [,aenis'0etiks], novocaine ['nouvokein], yawning [p:nir)]
Упражнение 4. Прочтите и переведите следующие Словосочетания.
1. to react upon each other, reaction power, the reaction of eye to the
light, Wasserman reaction, reaction of sensibility; 2. to feel one's pulse,
to feel like doing smth, to feel tired, to feel fine, a feeling of danger; 3. to
treat with penicillin, surgical treatment, treatment by exercises, to try
many treatments for pneumonia, to be under treatment
Motor area
Lesson 13 <► 171
Упражнение 5. Просмотрите текст А и сравните по содержанию обе
части текста.
Text А
The Nervous System. Brain and Nerves
1.
Nerves lead from the spinal cord or from the brain to each part of
the body. Then they lead from each part of the body back to the brain or
spinal cord. The brain and spinal cord are the centres of this system of
nerves.
2.
All parts of your body are connected by nerves. The nerve cells with
their fibres make up the nervous system. When we study one
172<>Learning to Understand a Medical Text
Кfj tf
Л
nerve cell,
we
see that it has a long^ fibre at
one end
and short fibres at the other.
The nerve cells send im-
pulses to each other by
means of
the fibres at their ends.
These fibres do not actually touch but
are so close to each other that
an impulse
can travel
from one fibre to another.
Physical agents become
stimuli for nerve terminals by
transferring energy from the external ^orid to the nerve terminals:
3.
Thus all rierve cells connect with each other. There are millions of
these connecting nerve cells. Thus a stimulus from any part of the body can
reach any other part of it. In the spinal cord and brain, the nerve cells
connect with each other by their connecting fibres. Outside the spinal cord
and brain, certain long fibres are grouped together forming nerves. Each
nerve is made up of thousands of nerve fibres together in a bundle, as a
cable is made up of separate wires.
The Brain Centre of the Nervous System
4.
We know the nerves to carry impulses to the brain. We know that the
brain sends these impulses along so that they go to the right place. The
brainjs made up of threqparts
v
The cerebrum sits like a cap on the
cerebellum. And the medulla is that long portion connecting the brain with
the spinal cord. The cerebrum has certain parts that do certain work.
Studying human beings with accidental injuries of brains helped scientists
to get information about these areas. For instance they have discovered
that the part for thought, memory, and feeling is found in the front of the
cerebrum. The part for hearing is found at the side of the cerebrum, and the
part for sight in the back of the cerebrum.
Silent
area
Smell and
taste
Auditory
area
Medull
a
Sensory
area
Cerebellu
m
Spinal
cord
Fig. 13.Diagram to illustrate some of the
more important centres in cerebral
hemispheres.
Cerebral
hemispher
es
Motor area
Lesson 13 <► 173
5.
Many experiments have shown that the brain is the centre of feeling
and understanding. The nerve cells in the brain can be «put to sleep» with
ether or other anesthetics. Then the brain does not feel any impulses from
the part being operated on. Sometimes the nerve cells near the
part of our body being treated may
be deadened by
novocaine, as
Speech area
Visual area