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Lesson 10 ❖ 189
(Ответ:a) 1, 2, 3. 6) 4, 5. Если вы ошиблись, повторите § 31
Грамматического справочника.)
Упражнение 2. Укажите, в каких предложениях словаshall, will, should,
wouldимеют модальное значение. Переведитеэтипредложения.
1. Great care should be taken ip cultivating bacteria. 2. The water should
be kept clean by filtration and safe by desinfection with chlorine to destroy
pathogenic and other forms of bacteria. 3. Pasteur could not believe that
two compounds which acted so differently in one respect would be
absolutely identical in every other way. 4. In the investigation of yellow fever
it became necessary to find human volunteers who would risk contracting
yellow fever. 5. They shall correct their mistakes themselves. 6. It will be
difficult to diagnose this case.
(Ответ: 1, 2, 4, 5. Если вы ошиблись, повторите § 33 Граммати-
ческого справочника.)
Упражнение 3. Дайте форму множественного числа от следующих
слов:
bacillus, bacterium, coccus, foot, virus, genus, spirillum (Ответ:
bacilli, bacteria, cocci, feet, viruses, genera, spirilla.)
Упражнение 4. Выберите правильное значение выделенных слов.
1. Bacteria may occur(происходить, случаться; встречаться) free or in
aggregates. 2. The smallest bacteria are beyond the range(линия,ряд;
предел) of our most powerful light microscopes. 3. The size of the
microscopical organisms can be estimated by filtration, consequently they
are referred to(направлятьк ...; упоминать; относитьк ...) as filtrable
viruses. 4. Viruses attack all parts of the body excepf(исключая; помимо)
the digestive system.
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IV. Pathology
LESSON FIFTEEN
OSTEOMYELITIS, FRACTURES
Повторение:ВременагруппыIndefinite
(Active and Passive Voice) (§§ 10, 14)
Часть I
Слова к части I
acute [a'kju:t] а острый
suppurative ['sApjus,reitiv] а
гнойный suppuration
[,sApjud'reiJh] nнагноение, гной
distant ['distant]
аотдаленныйinflammation
Linfta'meijn] n воспалениеpus
[pAs] nгной
marrow ['maerou]
nкостныймозгspread [spred] v
распространять(ся) minor
['maind] анезначительныйinflame
[in'fleim] v воспалятьсяoedema
[I'diims] nотек
«•vera [si'vis] а резкий, сильный *appropriate[э proupmt] а
подходящий, it*Kionj'riicfcn] nобласть, район, зона соответствующий
Упражнения
Упражнение 1. Найдите и определите время и залог
глаголов-сказуемых в следующих предложениях.
1. The earlier investigators of bacteria thought of them as tiny animals
which were generally grouped together with the microscopic animals
called protozoans. 2. Probably the bacteria are made up of various kinds
of organisms, some are related to algae, others to fungi. Future research
will doubtless throw more light on such relationship. 3. Before i he middle
of the nineteenth century, the word «virus» was commonly applied to all
toxic or poisonous substances, including snake venom. 4. Viruses are
distinguished from poisons and venoms because of their infectious
quality. 5. In addition to smallpox and yellow fever, viruses cause such
human diseases as mumps, measles, poliomyelitis, chicken pox,
Lesson 10 ❖ 191
Japanese Вencephalitis, infectious hepatitis, influenza and probably the
common cold.
Упражнение 2. Прочтите первый абзац текста А. Обратите внимание
на произношение медицинских терминов.
Упражнение 3. Образуйте производные слова согласно данной
модели и переведите их.
Существительное + -ed= прилагательное: markзнак, метка, след;
черта; известность —markedотмеченный, заметный; значительный,
известный.
fur(мех; налет на языке); bruise(синяк); fracture(перелом); disease;
dress
Упражнение 4. Прочтите и переведите данные однокоренные слова.
1. distant, distance, distantly; 2. evident, evidence, evidently; 3. to
inflame, inflamed, inflammable, inflammation; 4. to suppurate, suppu-
rative, suppuration;5. severe, severely, severity; 6. region, regional
Упражнение 5. Прочтите и переведите следующие словосочетания.
X-ray evidence, inflammation of lungs, abdominal region, regional
operation, severe pain, attack of coughing, to be severely ill
Упражнение 6. Просмотрите текст А и назовите основные симптомы
острого остеомиелита.
Text А Acute Osteomyelitis
1.
In this text we shall discuss the signs and symptoms of acute
osteomyelitis, an infectious suppurative disease affecting bones.
Osteomyelitis is generally caused by Staphylococcus, which reaches
the bones via the blood stream from a distant focus, often a throat
infection. Its rise was especially sharp during World War II, particulary in
1942-46 when the lack of due antibiotics made the disease uncured.
2.
The disease generally affects the upper end of tibia or lower end of
femur. The infection is followed by intense reaction, with pus formation in
the marrow spaces. From there the suppuration spreads along the
marrow cavity and also through the cortex, to erupt on the surface and
form a subperiosteal abscess. In some cases the marrow cavity is widely
involved; in others, on the contrary, there is a large subperiosteal ab-
scess, but little or no pus within the bone.
3.
Almost always part of bone becomes necrotic, due to the toxic effect
of pus under tension and to obliteration by the subperiosteal abscess of
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the periosteal vessels supplying the bone cortex. The main ntitrient
artery itself may be thrombosed, leading to necrosis of the major part of
the bone.
4.
Acute osteomyelitis generally affects children, especially if in poor
health, after an infectious fever. Sometimes there is a history of minor
injury to the part a few days before the onset of acute symptoms.
5.
In a typical case the onset is sudden. Then pain and inflammation of
the bone are accompanied by marked toxaemia. The temperature rises,
often to 103° or 104° F, the face is flushed and the tongue is furred. The
leucocyte count rises to 20.000 or more. Delirium is frequent. The pain is
severe. The limb is held immobile. The skin over the inflamed region is
hot and red, and dilated veins may be evident. Slight superficial edema
appears early. Localising signs develop early in the case of a superficial
bone such as the tibia, later if the bone is deeply placed.
6.
Acute osteomyelitis is a dangerous disease, especially when it
affects a deep-seated bone, such as the upper end of the femur, pelvis or
vertebrae. In those who survive the acute phase the disease often
persists as chronic
osteomyelitis. Eventually complete restoration of functions and general
health
i
will be expected in most cases, when appropriate treatment is applied.
Упражнение 7. Прочтите и переведите текст А Абзац 5 переведите
письменно.
N мражнение 8. Найдите в тексте А ответы на данные вопросы.
Lesson 15 О193
1. What kind of diseases is osteomyelitis. 2. When was its rise
especially ■harp? Why?3.What is osteomyelitis caused by?4.Where
does the infec- non localize? 5. What is the course of the disease? 6.
How does the thsease begin in a typical case? 7. Does the disease
persist as a chronic one or is complete restoration of functions and
general health possible?
Упражнение 9. Переведите данные предложения. Определите,
какой частью речи являются выделенные слова.
1. The disease generally affects the upper end of tibia or lower end of
lemur. 2. The infection is followed by intense reaction, with pus formation
in the marrow spaces. 3. Almost always part of the bone becomes
necrotic, due to the toxic effect of pus under the tension. 4. The main
nutrient artery itself may be thrombosed. 5. In those who survive the
acute phase the disease often persists as chronic osteomyelitis.
>
Упражнение 10. Найдите в каждом абзаце предложения,
выражающие основную мысль данного абзаца. Выпишите их.
Упражнение 11. Найдите в каждом ряду слово, синонимичное по
значению первому слову ряда.
1. distant - obvious, remote, far-away, distinct, close; 2. to involve - to
invent, to include, to invite, to affect; 3. to spread — to go over, to divide,
to distribute, to cover, to scatter; 4. onset - attack, beginning, process,
turning-point; 5. severe — low, short-turn, acute, chronic; 6. region —
locality, district, area, part, partition
Упражнение 12. Найдите в каждом ряду слово, противоположное по
шачению первому слову ряда.
1. acute — dye, due, dull, dry; 2. minor — main, general, major,
important; 3. evident — unclear, obscure; 4. appropriate - unsuitable,
unfitting, common; 5. deeply — above, outside, superficially
Упражнение 13. Поставьте глаголы-сказуемые в форму
действительного залога.