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194<>Learning to Understand a Medical Text
Кfj tf
Л
1. Acute osteomyelitis is generally caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
2. The infection was followed by intense reaction with pus formation in
the marrow spaces. 3. After hospitalization he was prescribed appropri-
ate treatment at home by his family doctor. 4. The wound will be dressed
by her every second day.
Упражнение 14. Переведите следующие предожения на английский
язык письменно.
1. Ее отправили в больницу два дня назад. 2. Доктор сказал, что
нужна срочная операция. 3. При остеомиелите поражаются кости. 4.
Гипсовую повязку снимут через три дня. 5. Рана зажила и больному
разрешили двигаться, 6. При остеомиелите в костном мозге
образуется гной.
Часть II
Слова к части II
fracture
['fraektfa]
п
перелом
siteп
место
(расположение) damage
['daemidft] vповреждать; п
повреждение tear [tea] vрвать,
разрывать prompt [promt]а
быстрый heal [hi:l] vизлечивать;
заживлять healing ['hi:lir)]
nизлечивание; заживление
relationship [ri'leijnfip] nвзаимоот-
ношения accomplish [d'komplij]
vвыполнять,
завершать, достигать degree
[di'gri:] nстепень tender ['tenda] а
болезненный
tendernessnболезненность
bruise [bru:z] nсиняк,
кровоподтек bruisingnпосинение
swellingnопухание, опухоль
bleed [bli:d] vкровоточить
bleedingnкровотечение dress
[dres] vбинтовать
dressingnповязка
Упражнения
Упражнение 1. Прочтите и переведите следующие слова.
communication, position, to restore, correct, to protect, irregularly,
especially, to fix
Упражнение 2. Найдите в данном ряду слово, значение которого дано
в начале ряда.
f
Lesson 16 ❖ 195
1. повреждать (наноситьущерб) — to wound, to hurt, to damage, to
harm; 2. заживлять - to cure, to restore, to heal, to treat; 3. выполнять
(завершать) — to fulfil, to complete, to finish; 4. рвать, ранить — to
separate, to lacerate, to tear
Упражнение 3. Назовите корневые слова, от которых образованы
данные производные, и переведите их на русский язык.
1. relation, relationship, relative, relatively; 2. tenderly, tenderness,
tender-hearted; 3. swelling, swelled; 4. dressed, dressing
>пражнение 4. Прочтите текст В'(Ю мин). 1) Скажите, какие типы пере-
шмов описаны в тексте. 2) Найдите в тексте предложения с глаголом-
казуемым в действительном и страдательном залоге.
Укажитевремяска- |усмого. 3) Переведитепредложения.
Text ВFractures
A fracture is a broken bone. There may be different types of fractures. A
closed or simple fracture results from an injury which breaks a bone
without causing any external wound at the site of the break. In case of ,m
open or compound fracture there is a wound of the skin at the site of i he
fracture, and this will allow communication between the outside air .md the
broken bone, therefore it is «open». When the sharp ends of a broken
bone damage an internal organ such as the brain or lungs, this is known as
«complicated fracture».
In compound fractures early and prompt healing with good function will
be obtained only by early repositions in correct position. This is necessary
not only to restore the bone structures, but to place the soft parts in
relationship for correct function as well. All compound fracture patients
must be protected against movement, muscle spasm, and loss of position.
This is accomplished by fixation of fracture fragments in plaster of Paris
casts
1
or in any other way. Frequent dressing of wounds in compound
fractures is unnecessary.
What are the symptoms and signs of a fracture? Shock is always
present in some degree with any fracture. Sometimes it may be severe.
Pain and lendemess at the site of fracture is quickly followed by bruising
and swelling. Bleeding is frequent in case of an open fracture. Irregularity
on the surface of the bone may also be seen, e.g. on the collar-bone or the
bone of an arm. In an open fracture the ends of the broken bone may be
sticking out of the wound. A person's leg which was broken may be turned
underneath him with the foot turned round the wrong way. The bones of
the leg may be bent in a place where there is a joint, e.g. between the knee
and the foot if both bones of the leg are broken.
196<>Learning to Understand a Medical Text
Кfj tf
Л
First-aid treatment of fracture. Lay the patient down. This will lessen
shock. If there is a fracture of the skull raise the patient's head and
shoulders a little and support them. Stop bleeding if the fracture is open,
and apply a dressing. In all open fractures there is some bleeding, but it
can generally be stopped by putting on a dressing. If bleeding continues, it
is necessary to use indirect pressure, especially if the bleeding is from an
artery.
Fix the damaged part so that any movement by the patient cannot
cause the broken bone to move, as this will increase the deformity, cause
great pain and make shock worse.
Notes
1. plaster of Paris cast гипсоваяповязка
Упражнение 6. Найдите в тексте предложения, более полно
выражающие мысль данных суждений, и прочтите их.
1. There may be different types of fractures: closed, open, complete. 2.
In compound fractures early healing may be obtained. 3. Compound
fracture patients must be protected against movement. 4. Bleeding should
be stopped. 5. Fix the damaged part.
Упражнение 7.ПередайтеосновноесодержаниетекстаВ.
Часть III
Контрольно-обобщающие упражнения к уроку 15
Упражнение 1. Укажите, в каких предложениях глагол стоит в
страдательном залоге.
1. The bones of the leg were bent between the knee and the foot. 2. In
all open fractures there is some bleeding. 3. Roentgenograms revealed
new bone formation. 4. The fractures are caused by direct violence and
indirect violence. 5. Pain and tenderness in the bone were followed by
bruising. 6. Thepatient'slegwasheldimmobill.
(Ответ: 1, 4, 5, 6. Если вы ошиблись, повторите § 4 Граммати-
ческого справочника.)
)
I
Упражнение
2.
Определите,
в
каких
предложениях
глаголtobeявляется: а) частью страдательного залога; б)
глагрлом-связкой.
f
Lesson 16 ❖ 197
1. If the limb is distorted consult a traumatologist. 2. In patients with
broken bones in an arm or hand the affected limb is secured to the body
with bandages. 3. One of the patients was a boy of ten with complaints of
pain in both arms. 4. It was necessary to apply plaster of Paris cast at
once. 5. The bleeding was stopped by putting on a dressing. 6. The
diagnosis of a complicated fracture was made and the girl was directed to
the traumatological department. 7. Doctor N. was particularly attentive to
the man with a comlicated fracture.
Lesson 10 ❖ 198
(Ответ: a) 1,2, 5, 6; б) 3, 4, 7. Если вы ошиблись, повторите § 15
Грамматического справочника.)
Упражнение 3. Выберите правильные значения выделенных слов.
1. They dreamed of(мечтали, виделивосне) becoming surgeons after
they graduated from the Institute. 2. They learned(учить, изучать,
узнавать) that their group would begin their practical studies on Friday.
3. Their practical studies in surgery will begin at the surgical department
(кафедра, факультет, отдел, отделение).
LESSON SIXTEEN
CORONARY HEART DISEASES
Повторение:ВременагруппыPerfect
(Active and Passive Voice) (§§ 12, 14)
Часть I
Слова к части I
die [dai] v умирать
death [deO] n смерть
obstruction [ab strAkJn] n
препятствие
recover [ri'kAva] v
выздоравливать
recovery nвыздоровление
notice ['noutisj v замечать;
отмечатьexperience [iks'piarians]
n опыт; случай; переживание; v
испытыватьestimate ['estimeit] v
считать; оценивать
estimation[ esti'meijn] n
оценкаailment ['eilmgnt] n
заболеваниеchief [tfi:f]
аглавныйillness
nзаболевание, болезнь
Упражнения
Упражнение
1.
Найдите
глаголы-сказуемые
в
следующих
предложениях. Определитеихвремяизалог.
1. The marked increase in patients entering emergency rooms in hos-
pitals has resulted in a need for increasing facilities in almost every hospital.
2. The patient was examined for an injury to his leg which had been broken
in an automobile accident. 3. Four weeks later the deep abrasions of the
thigh were skin grafted. 4. If a bone in the forearm is broken the splint must
reach above the elbow and extend below the wrist. 5. For thousands of