ВУЗ: Не указан
Категория: Не указан
Дисциплина: Не указана
Добавлен: 03.11.2019
Просмотров: 32757
Скачиваний: 181
/
' ; Lesson 16^ 179
one out of every ten persons suffers some degree of insufficiency of blood
supply to the heart.
Упражнение 14. Дайте синонимы к следующим словам. ' ^ j fj / to cease,
obstruction, illness, serious, majority
Упражнение 15. Прочтите и переведите текст. Объясните употребление
глагольных времен и залога.
• • •
Twenty patients with arterial occlusion have been treated by systematic
infusions since May. In many of these patients the obstruction had been
present for so long
>
that irreversible changes, had already taken
Place.
/ 'tend сOJ<-
Obstruction in eleven patients was of more than twenty-four-hours' duration
and in four was more than forty-eight hours old.
Only eight patients were treated within twenty-four to thirty hours of l he onset
of the obstruction. Of these five (62 per cent) had complete return of circulation.
Return of circulation usually occurred after ten to (welve hours of continuous
intravenous therapy. It became apparent that even though improvement was
obtained by one course of treatment, this did not assure a permanent response.
The reasons for this are probably multiple and include: 1) a nidus of thrombus
may remain on which complete rethrombosis can develop and 2) intimal
damage remains as a source of rethrombosis. For these reasons we have
repeated treatment for two to three days with the expectation that all thrombus
will be eradicated and
the vessel wall will have a chance to repair itself.
/
Часть II
Слова к части II
meanvзначить, означать
meaningп значение result [rizAlt] v
(from)быть результатом
displace [dis'pleis] vперемещать
believe [bi'li:v] vполагать,
считать suffer ['sAfe] v
(from)страдать
weakа слабый
weakenvослаблять rupture
['rAptfa] nразрыв; vразрывать
haemorrhage ['hemsridj]
nкровотечение; vкровоточить
/
Упражнения
Упражнение 1. Найдите корневые слова, от которых образованы
данные производные, и переведите их на русский язык.
180<>Learning to Understand a Medical Text
Кfj tf
Л
normally, presented, frequently, increasing, imbalance, excessive,
weakened
I
1
/
Упражнение 2. Прочтите текст В (10 мин). 1) Назовите симптомы гипер-
тонии. 2) Найдите предложения с глаголом-сказуемым в
действительном и страдательном залоге в формеPerfect.Укажите
время, которым выражены сказуемые. 3) Переведите эти предложения.
TextВ Hypertension
Hypertension simply means high blood pressure. As a normal heart
pumps blood through the body, a certain degree of pressure is excreted {
against the blood vessels. With each beat of the left ventricle, a wave ol
pressure starts at the heart and travels along the arteries. This wave is
called the pulse. The pulse can be felt on any arteries that are close to the
surface of the body, such as on the wrist, the sides of the throat ancf' the
temple. The pulse results from the blood pressure. The blood pressure at
the moment of contraction is the systolic pressure; it should normally be
sufficient to displace about 120 miji. mercury in a glass tube. The blood
pressure at the moment of relaxation of the heart is the diastolic pressure; it
normally displaces about80 mm. of mercury. Blood pressure readings, which
have been frequently taken during a general physical examination are
presented as a ratio of the first figure over the second.
Most physiologists have considered a blood pressure reading of 150/90
as excessive. This can be considered a useful definition of high blood
presstire.
Hypertension is very common. It is believed that about one out of every
five individuals has suffered from it and that about 13 per cent of all deaths
have been a direct result of it. Hypertension has become more common with
increasing age and affects men about twice as often as women.
In about 90 per cent of the known cases, it has been described as
essential hypertension, a hereditary condition. In other cases it may be due to
the removal of a kidney, kidney disease, excessive narrowing of the arteries,
hormone imbalance, or excessive salt in the diet.
Hypertension is damaging for two reasons: 1) it puts an excess work load
on the heart and the left ventricle in particular; 2) the arteries may be
damaged by excessive pressure. A hypertensive patient tends to develop
cardiovascular ailments much sooner than a person who had not suffered
from hypertension.
f
Lesson 16 ❖ 181
'I i ■ i
This high blood pressure in the arteries causes a hardening (sclerosis) of
blood vessels all over the body. The vessels become weakened; clots tend
to form in them much more easily; some vessels rupture and haemorrhage.
Hence haemorrhage in the vessels of the brain (cerebral haemorrhage) and
vessels of the kidneys will have been particularly destructive.
Упражнение 4. Найдите в тексте В предложения, более полно
выражающие мысль данных суждений, и прочтите их вслух.
1. The pulse results from the blood pressure and can be measured. 2.
There is systolic and diastolic pressure. 3. Hypertension is very common. 4.
The causes of hypertension may be different. 5. Hypertension is damaging
for two reasons. 6. Hypertensive patients have tended to develop
cardiovascular ailments.
Упражнение 5. ПередайтеосновноесодержаниетекстаВписьменно,
использоваввкачествепланапредыдущееупражнение.
Часть III
»
Контрольно-обобщающие упражнения к уроку 16
Упражнение 1. Укажите, в каких предложениях глагол-сказуемое стоит
во временах группы Perfect.
J
'1 - - Г \
1. Cardiomyopathy has been defined as «acute, subacute, or chronic
disorder of heart muscle of unknown or obscure etiology». 2. Apart from
discomfort in his chest he had no history suggestive of myocardial infarction
or angina. 3. A patient with a femoral artery embolus had marked temporary
improvement in circulation. 4. The duration of treatment has been increased
to a maximum of 16 hours in our patients. 5. The arterial occlusion had
recurred by the next morning.
(Ответ: 1, 4, 5. Если вы ошиблись, повторите §§ 12, 14 Грамма-
гического справочника.)
182<>Learning to Understand a Medical Text
Кfj tf
Л
Упражнение 2. Укажите, в каких предложениях глагол-сказуемое стоит
в форме страдательного залога.
1. The patient was admitted to the hospital with essential hypertension. 2.
The woman responded slowly to diuretic therapy. 3. A loud heart-sound
was audible at the mitral area. 4. The patient has been maintained for a
year without further episodes of heart-failure. 5. The left ventricle was
grossly dilated with very poor movements of all areas. 6. Gross mitral
incompetence had not been suspected clinically previously.
(Ответ: 1, 4, 5, 6. Если вы ошиблись, повторите § 14 Граммати-
ческого справочника.)
Упражнение 3. Переведите данные гнезда слов на английский язык.
1. опыт, испытывать, опытный; 2. умирать, смерть, умерщвлять,
смертельно; 3. прекращать, прекращение, непрерывный; 4. непро-
ходимость (закупорка), мешающий, закупоривать; 5. выздороветь,
выздоровление
LESSON SEVENTEEN
RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS
Повторение:ВременагруппыContinuous
(Active and Passive Voice) (§§ 11, 14)
Часть I
Слова к части I
pneumonia [nju:'mounja]
nпневмония bronchitis
[broo'kaitis] nбронхит irritation[
iri'teijn] nраздражение prominent
['prominant] а важный,
существенный irritable ['irritsbl] а
раздражительный,
раздражимый receive [n'si:v]
vполучать
Упражнения
Упражнение 1. Навдите сказуемые в следующих предложениях.
Определите их время и залог.
1. All control patients were receiving oxygen over a period of two
hours.