Файл: Исследование суточных вариаций поровой активности радона в поверхностных грунтах удк 550. 42 546. 296 551. 51.docx

errors during work increases. Noise can be generated by operating equipment, air conditioning units, daylight fixtures, and can also be emitted from outside.

In accordance with SanPiN 1.2.3685-21 [77], the standardized indicators in the workplace are:

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  equivalent sound level per work shift;
  
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  maximum sound level;
  
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  peak sound level.
  

The standard equivalent sound level in the workplace is 80 dB. At noise levels above the permissible level, it is necessary to provide RMS and PPE.

Collective protection means [78]:

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  elimination of the causes of noise or its significant attenuation in the source of education;
  
• 
  isolation of noise sources from the environment by means of sound vibration isolation, sound and vibration absorption;
  
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  the use of means that reduce noise and vibration along the path of their propagation.
  

Personal protective equipment [78]:

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  the use of overalls, footwear and hearing protection: headphones, earplugs, antiphones.
  

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Static electricity

All conductive parts of process equipment and other objects that generate or store static electricity must be grounded, regardless of whether other ESD devices are used. An ESD grounding device must have a maximum resistance of 100 ohms. According to [SanPin 1.2.3685-21] collective protection means against static electricity are: anti-electrostatic substances, humidifying devices, neutralizers, shielding substances. Anti-static footwear, gowns, and anti-electrostatic hand protection should be used as personal protective equipment.

3. Fire and explosion safety

Depending on the characteristics of substances and materials in the room, according to the explosion and fire hazard, the premises are subdivided into categories A, B, C, D and F in accordance with [86].

The room in question belongs to category C, since it contains solid combustible substances in a cold state. Possible causes of fire:

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  work with open electrical equipment;
  
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  short circuits in power supplies;
  
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  non-observance of fire safety rules.
  

In order to reduce the risk of fire and minimize possible damage, preventive measures are taken, which are subdivided into organizational, technical, operational and regime. Organizational and technical measures consist in conducting regular briefings of employees responsible for fire safety, training employees in the proper operation of equipment and the necessary actions in the event of a fire, certification of substances, materials and products in terms of ensuring fire safety, production and use of visual agitation tools to ensure fire safety [86]. Operational measures include preventive inspections of equipment.

Regime measures include the establishment of rules for organizing work and compliance with fire safety measures. To prevent a fire, the following fire safety rules must be observed:

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  maintenance of premises in accordance with fire safety requirements;
  
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  proper operation of the equipment (correct connection of equipment to the power supply network, control of equipment heating);
  
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  training of production personnel in fire safety rules;
  
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  availability, correct placement and use of fire extinguishing equipment.
  

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In a room with electrical equipment, in order to avoid electric shock, it is advisable to use carbon dioxide or dry powder fire extinguishers. These fire extinguishers are designed to extinguish fires of various substances and materials, electrical installations under

voltages up to 1000 V, flammable liquids. Chemical and foam extinguishers are not permitted.[86] Fire extinguishers should be located at the protected object in accordance with the requirements so that they are protected from direct sunlight, heat flows, mechanical influences and other adverse factors (vibration, aggressive environment, high humidity, etc.). They must be clearly visible and easily accessible in the event of a fire. It is preferable to place fire extinguishers near the places where fire is most likely to occur, along the paths of the passage, as well as near the exit from the premises. Fire extinguishers should not interfere with the evacuation of people during a fire. According to fire safety requirements, there are 2 OP 3 fire extinguishers (portable powder fire extinguishers) on the floor, stairwells are equipped with hydrants, and there is a fire alarm button[86].

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Safety in emergencies

Emergency situation - a situation in a certain area resulting from an accident, dangerous natural phenomenon, catastrophe, natural or other disaster that may or have resulted in human casualties, damage to human health or the environment, significant material losses and disruption of the living conditions of people.

The most common emergencies in the building where the bachelor's job was developed are intrusion and fire.

Table 5.5 - Emergency situations, measures to prevent emergencies and eliminate the consequences of an emergency

№	Emergency situation	Emergency prevention measures	Measures to eliminate the consequences of an emergency
1	Falling from height	Maintenance of the premises in proper order. Limitation of working space. Timely briefing.	1. Examine or interview the victim; 2.if necessary - call an ambulance; stop bleeding, if any; if there is a suspicion that the victim has a broken spine (sharp pain in the spine at the slightest movement), it is necessary to provide the victim with complete rest in the supine position until qualified medical care is provided.
2	corresponding growth	Covering stair steps with anti-slip coating. Timely briefing.	Call an ambulance; stop bleeding, if any; if there is a suspicion that the victim has a broken spine (sharp pain in the spine at the slightest movement), it is necessary to provide the victim with complete rest in the supine position until qualified medical care is provided.
3	Falling down the stairs	Grounding of all electrical installations. Limitation of working space. Ensuring the inaccessibility of live parts of the equipment. Timely briefing.	Quickly release the victim from the action of the electric current [26]; call an ambulance; if the victim has lost consciousness, but breathing is preserved, he should be laid down comfortably, unbuttoned tight clothing, create an influx of fresh air and ensure complete rest; the victim should be allowed to smell ammonia, sprinkle water on his face, rub and warm the body; In the absence of breathing, artificial respiration and heart massage should be done immediately.
4	Electric shock	Timely briefing. Establishment of means of automatic fire extinguishing in premises. Installation of smoke and fire detectors. Providing evacuation routes and maintaining them in proper condition. 4. Control of the work of electrical appliances.	De-energize the room, cut off the air supply; immediately report the fire to the duty officer or to the guard post; If possible, take measures to evacuate people, extinguish a fire and save material assets.

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First case: penetration of unauthorized persons. To ensure the safety of the employee and prevent the entry of unauthorized persons into the enterprise, a number of security measures should be used:

1. 
   Organize a checkpoint.
   
2. 
   Hire a security guard to bypass the building.
   
3. 
   Install video surveillance systems in production halls, as well as at all entrances and exits from the building.
   
4. 
   Install warning security systems in case of unauthorized entry into the enterprise outside of working hours.
   

Second case: fire. Possible causes of sunburn:

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  malfunction of current-carrying parts of installations;
  
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  work with open electrical equipment;
  
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  short circuits in the power supply;
  
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  non-observance of fire safety rules;
  
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  presence of combustible components: documents, doors, tables, cable insulation, etc.
  

Fire prevention measures are divided into: organizational, technical, operational and regime.

Organizational measures provide for the correct operation of equipment, the correct maintenance of buildings and territories, fire- prevention instructions for workers and employees, training of production personnel in fire safety rules, the publication of instructions, posters, and an evacuation plan.

Technical measures include: compliance with fire regulations, norms in the design of buildings, in the installation of electrical wires and equipment, heating, ventilation, lighting, proper placement of equipment.

Regime measures include the establishment of rules for organizing work, and compliance with fire safety measures. To prevent

a fire from short circuits, overloads, etc., the following fire safety rules must be observed:

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  elimination of the formation of a combustible environment (equipment sealing, air control, working and emergency ventilation);
  
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  the use of non-combustible or hardly combustible materials in the construction and decoration of buildings; correct operation of equipment (correct connection of equipment to the power supply network, control of equipment heating);
  
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  correct maintenance of buildings and territories (exclusion of the formation of an ignition source - prevention of spontaneous combustion of substances, limitation of hot work);
  
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  training of production personnel in fire safety rules;
  
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  publication of instructions, posters, availability of an evacuation
  

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