Файл: Исследование суточных вариаций поровой активности радона в поверхностных грунтах удк 550. 42 546. 296 551. 51.docx

Date of issue of the task for the section on a line chart

13.03.2023

The assignment was given by the consultant:

Position	Full name	Academic degree, title	Signature	date
Associate Professor	Perederind Yuriy Vladimirovich	Ph.D

The student accepted the assignment:

Group	Full name	Signature	date
0АM13	Kazhitaev Sanzhar Muralovich

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Social responsibility

1. Introduction

At present, one of the main directions for improving preventive work to reduce occupational injuries and occupational morbidity is the introduction of a labor protection management system.

Occupational safety is a system of legislative, socio-economic, organizational, technological, hygienic and therapeutic and preventive measures and means that ensure safety, health and performance of a person in the process of work.

A hazardous production factor is such a production factor, the impact of which, under certain conditions, leads to injury or other sudden, sharp deterioration in health.

A harmful production factor is such a production factor, the impact of which on a worker, under certain conditions, leads to illness or a decrease in working capacity.

The purpose of this section of the WQR is to develop and analyze industrial safety issues in room 123, 10 of the TPU building.

2. Legal and organizational issues of security

   1. Organizational events

Persons who have reached the age of 18, of both sexes, who have passed a preliminary and periodic medical examination, introductory briefing, primary briefing at the workplace, a training course in safe working methods, an internship for at least 2 shifts and a test of knowledge of labor protection requirements, who have passed the briefing, are allowed to work. for 1 group on electrical safety and knowing this manual. The frequency of re-briefing is at least 1 time in 6 months.

Conducting all types of briefing should be recorded in the Instruction Log of the established form, with the obligatory signatures of the person who received and conducted the briefing, indicating the date of the briefing, the name and numbers of the briefing, the name and numbers of the instructions for the types of work for which the briefing is carried out.

2. Technical measures

The document that establishes the most general requirements for the organization of the workplace when performing work while sitting is GOST 12.2.032-78. According to this document, a workplace for performing work while sitting is organized for light work that does not require free movement of the worker. The design of the workplace and the relative position of all its elements (seat, controls, information display tools, etc.) must comply with anthropometric, physiological and psychological requirements, as well as the nature of the work. So, for example, the performance of labor operations "often" and "very often" should be provided within the zone of easy reach and the optimal zone of the motor field.

When choosing a desk, the following requirements should be

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taken into account. The height of the working surface of the table is recommended within 680 - 800 mm. The height of the working surface on which the keyboard is installed must be 650 mm. The working table must be at least 700 mm wide and

not less than 1400 mm long. Legroom must be at least 600 mm high, at least 500 mm wide, at least 450 mm deep at the knees and at least 650 mm at the level of the outstretched legs.

The height of the seat of the working chair above the floor level is 420 - 550 mm. There should be a work chair. The design of the work

chair should provide: the width and depth of the seat surface is at least 400 mm; seat surface with recessed front edge. The monitor should be located at the level of the operator's eyes at a distance of 500 - 600 mm.

It should be possible to adjust the screen:

• 
  height +3 cm;
  
• 
  tilted from 10 to 20 degrees relative to the vertical;
  
• 
  in left and right directions.
  

The keyboard should be placed on the table surface at a distance of 100-300 mm from the edge. The normal position of the keyboard is its placement at the level of the operator's elbow with an angle of inclination to the horizontal plane of 15 degrees. It is more convenient to work with keys that have a concave surface, a quadrangular shape with rounded corners. The design of the key should provide the operator with a clicky feel. The color of the keys should contrast with the color of the panel.

With monotonous mental work that requires significant nervous tension and great concentration, it is recommended to choose soft, low- contrast floral shades that do not scatter attention (low-saturated shades of cold green or blue colors). When working, requiring intense mental or physical tension, shades of warm tones are recommended that excite human activity.

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Industrial safety

1. Analysis of harmful and dangerous factors

Calculations are carried out at the workplace at a personal computer. Identified hazardous and harmful factors are shown in Table 5.1.

Table 5.1 – Harmful and dangerous factors

Factors (according to GOST 12.0.003-2015)	Stages of work			Regulations
	Design	Evaluatio n of the results	Create a report
1. Deviation of microclimate indicators	+	+	+
2. Absence or deficiencynecessary artificial lighting	+	+	+	1.SanPiN 1.2.3685-21.2.
3. Increased voltage in the electrical circuit, the closure of which can occur through the human body	+	+	+	2. SP 52.
				13330.2016 3. PUE
				4. GOST
4. Mental overstrain, monotony of work	+	+	+	12.1.038-82
5. Fire safety	+	+	+
6. Noise and vibration	+	+	+
7. Static electricity	+	+	+

2. Microclimate

In accordance with SanPiN 1.2.3685-21, hygienic requirements are established for the indicators of the microclimate of workplaces in industrial premises, taking into account the intensity of energy consumption of workers, the time of work and periods of the year. The indicators characterizing the microclimate of the room

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are:

• 
  air temperature;
  
• 
  surface temperature;
  
• 
  relative humidity;
  
• 
  speed of air movement;
  
• 
  intensity of thermal radiation.
  

These indicators of the microclimate should ensure the preservation of the thermal balance of a person with the environment and the maintenance of an optimal or acceptable level of the thermal state of the body. Optimal and permissible microclimate parameters are presented in tables 5.2, 5.3.

Table 5.2 – Optimal values of microclimate indicators

Period of the year	Category of work	Air temperatur e, ℃	Surface temperature, ℃	Relative humidity, %	Air speed
Cold	I	22-24	21-25	60-40	0,1
Warm	I	23-25	22-26	60-40	0,1

Optimal microclimatic conditions provide a general and local sensation of thermal comfort during an 8-hour working day, with a minimum stress of thermoregulation mechanisms, do not cause deviations in health, create the prerequisites for a high level of efficiency and are preferred at workplaces.

Table 5.3 – Permissible values of microclimate indicators

Period of the year	Catego ry of work	Air temperature, ℃		Surface temperature, ℃	Relative humidity, %	Air speed
		Т°< Т°опт.	Т°> Т°опт.			Т°< Т°опт.	Т°< Т°опт.
Cold	Ia	20,0- 21,09	24,1- 25,0	19,0-26,0	15-75	Co ld	Ia
Warm	Ia	21,0- 22,9	25,1- 28,0	20,0-29,0	15-75	Wa rm	Ia

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