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СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

СТРАДАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ

ГЕРУНДИЙ

ИНФИНИТИВ

УСЛОВНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ

СОСЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ НАКЛОНЕНИЕ

МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ

ЭМФАЗА Эмфатические конструкции служат для выделения того или иного члена предложения.1. Усилительное doДля усиления сказуемого в Present и Past Simple употребляется глагол do в соответствующем времени, который стоит перед смысловым глаголом. При переводе используются слова действительно, на самом деле, фактически.She does know the subject well.Она действительно знает этот предмет хорошо.Если в предложении имеются слова actually, really, indeed,то do не переводится.Если предложение вводится союзами although, though,то do переводится словами все же, хотя, однако.Although such compounds are practically unknown, the substances 1 and 2 do yield such complexes.Хотя такие соединения практически неизвестны, вещества 1 и 2 все же дают такие комплексы.2. Обратный порядок словОбратный порядок слов используется для выделения второстепенных членов предложения. Выделяемый член предложения выносится на первое место.Nowhere could he be found.Его нигде нельзя было найти.Если сказуемое стоит в Present и Past Simple, то при обратном порядке слов перед подлежащим стоит вспомогательный глагол do.Only in this paper did we find the necessary data.Только в этой статье мы нашли необходимые данные.Иногда на первое место выносятся причастие I, причастие II или прилагательное. Перевод таких предложений нужно начинать с дополнения или обстоятельства, стоящих после вынесенного на первое место слова.Related to this are many factors.С этим связаны многие факторы.Обратный порядок слов употребляется в эмфатических предложениях, вводимых союзами so, neither, nor. Переводятся с помощью слов тоже, а также и, а также не.He swims very well. So do I.Он очень хорошо плавает. И я тоже.He can’t drive. Neither can I.Он не умеет водить машину. И я тоже.Nor should we forget the importance of this factor.А также мы не должны забывать о важности этого фактора.3. Эмфатические уступительные предложенияImportant as this work is (may be), it does not cover the problem on the whole.Какой бы важной ни была эта работа, она не охватывает данную проблему в целом.However complicated the problem is, we are to solve it.Какой бы сложной ни была эта проблема, мы должны решить ее.4. Двойное отрицаниеОтрицание not в сочетании с отрицательными приставками прилагательных или наречий un-, in-, il-, im-, ir-, dis- усиливает любые члены предложения, кроме подлежащего и дополнения. Такое сочетание переводится словами довольно, весьма, вполне.This is not impossible.Это вполне возможно.This is not uncommon.Это довольно обычно.Вместо отрицания not может стоять выражение by no means.This is by no means unreasonable.Это вполне разумно.5. Эмфатическое сочетаниеit is...that (which, who)Выделяет любой член предложения, кроме сказуемого. Акцент передается словом именно.It is he who helped me.Именно он помог мне.It is language that enables us to communicate with each other.Именно язык помогает нам общаться друг с другом.6. Эмфатическое сочетаниеit was not until...that Служит для выделения обстоятельства времени. Переводится словами только; только тогда, когда; только после.It was not until 1992 that the book was published.Книга была опубликована только в 1992 году.It was not until his book was published for the second time, that it became widely known.Только после того, как его книга была опубликована во второй раз, она стала хорошо известной.Вариантом этой конструкции является сочетание not... until after.His book was not published until after the war.Его книга была опубликована только после войны.УПРАЖНЕНИЯЧАСТЬ 1Упр. 1. Переведите на русский язык. We did apply mathematical methods. A theorist does need to know experimental techniques. Not only does science explain natural phenomena but it also finds ways for their practical application. Not only does scientific information grow quantitatively but it also changes qualitatively. Not only was the relativity theory an achievement in itself, but it also paved the way for later discoveries. Not only did he collect new data but he also interpreted them. Not only did he describe the mechanism but he also explained it. Of special interest is his recent theory. Of great value are our recent results. Of prime importance is efficient organization of research. This rate of the reaction is not impossible. This effect is not improbable. It is he who is interested in speeding up the work. It is he who insists on revising the program. It was Rutherford who discovered the atomic nucleus. It is Smith who objects to including this question in the program. It is these experiments that provided the basis for further research. It is these data that deserve special attention. It was not until World War II that antibiotics were first used. It was not until 17th century that the law of gravitation was formulated. It was not until 13th century that the first clock was made. It was not until 1930 that the first nuclear reaction was observed. It was not until 1957 that the first satellite was launched. It was not until 18th century that the first classification of animals and plants was made. It was not until 19th century that the nature of electricity became known. It was not until recently that computers have become widely used. It was not until recently that lasers have found wide application. It was not until recently that the structure of viruses has become known. The theoretical aspects of this phenomenon will not be treated until later. The reaction did not start until the next morning. Упр. 2. Переведите на русский язык. He said he would come and he did come. We do not know much of the author. But we do know that all three poems were written by him. Humour is not missing in his work. The total number of German words in English is not inconsiderable. To find a poet who is also a literary critic is not unusual nowadays. Not infrequently the primary meaning of a word dies away and the derivative meaning remains. To group these artists into schools is a little pedantic. Yet it is not unreasonable to group together the painters who worked chiefly in Florence. The changes of sound here are not irregular. Not dissimilar effects are found in painting. It is Greek that she wants to study. Actually, however, it is not until the other person begins to speak that you can form a very definite idea of his personality and his character. The first part of his work did not come out until 1940. Cotton was not introduced to Japan from China until later and wool was unknown. Only in one case do we find a slight difference between the two forms. News about Japan reached Russia relatively late. Not until the 17th century do we find mention of Japan in Russian sources. Connected with this phenomenon are also some other types of changes. Lying inside the box was a small ring. The following translations, inadequate as they are, may help to give some idea of the character of this poetry. The two words are not enough alike in sound to cause their confusion, nor do their written symbols look alike enough. Nor can the author resist the temptation of displaying his erudition and introducing foreign words. The compound was prepared in 1865, although it was not recognized as a thiasoleuntil 1879. The theoretical aspects of the phenomenon will not be treated until later. It is not improbable that an inversion of configuration took place. It has not been until recently that the basic assumptions of this theory have been seriously called in question. However, what actually does occur remains obscure. Experiments showed that the starting products did indeed contain impurities. Not only did Osborne isolate many new proteins of vegetable origin, but described them in detail. Упр. 3. Переведите на русский язык. In practice, there do exist sources of thermal neutrons, namely media interfaces in nuclear reactors. Notable are relatively low sensitivities of that substance. Nevertheless, we do have quite a few pieces of the puzzle. Important as the decisions were, they did not solve the problem confronting them. Of particular interest in solid state detectors is the p-n junction. Low as the forces on the spacecraft are, they are not zero. Only recently have we appreciated the potentialities in this field. It was, however, not until the end of the Second World War that the development of linear accelerators really started. Plotted on the diagram are the curves of production growth versus automation. The figure of merit, useful criterion as it is, must be used with reserve. It is the geometry of the iron in the pole regions that chiefly determines the field distribution in the gap. We failed to estimate the variables, nor do we know how to evaluate the performance of the system. Closely relating to the problem of memory capacity is the problem of miniaturization. This is not a problem which has been solved entirely, nor is it likely ever to be. Hardly had this result been ignored. ЧАСТЬ 2Переведите на русский язык. This system does perform well. Electrical Tokamak does not have the typically high magnetic field capacity of other tokamaks, but it does have a relatively large major radius of 5m. In practice, there do exist sources of thermal neutrons, namely media interfaces in nuclear reactors. Experience with these systems in high-energy physics is limited. Introductory literature does exist. The above amplitudes do indeed form the triangle of Eq.6. To demonstrate that instability does indeed occur, and to estimate how strong it is, we must compute the eigenvalues of the matrix M. Nevertheless, we do have quite a few pieces of the puzzle. Instead, not only does the generator produce the correct code automatically, but it also allows hacks such as the propagation of the minus sign to be implemented with just a couple of lines of code. Not always, however, can this limit be used. Not only is there a shift in the diamond line, but it is also split. Not only are well-ordered note-books useful when you write a paper, but the prompt recording of summaries compels you to give critical thought to each experiment at the best time. Also shown is the mass spectrum when the detector material is included in front. Arriving at CERN from Novosibirsk’s Budker Institute are magnets for the two transfer lines. Commonly used in this application would be a common-collection amplifier or a transformer with a high primary-to-secondary turns ratio. Of particular interest in solid state detectors is the p-n junction. There is no turning back here, if the called programme terminates, so does this process. Use this device sparingly, however: otherwise you will be in trouble, and so shall I. As it happened, this stacking programme was never used, and neither was the slow extraction. This essay is not a complete text-book on “How to write...”. Neither is it designed to replace existing works on literary style or the editorial directives issued by many journals. However the initial and final hadrons wave-functions, the quantities that describe these hadrons in terms of their quark content, are not perturbatively known, nor do they contain only hard quarks. This is not a problem which has been solved entirely, nor is it likely ever to be. Such theories do not in general require any new low-energy CP-violation mechanism, neither do they forbid it. The problem of dealing with soft hadronic physics effects is not unique for calculations of two body decays, nor are the general statements made below about methods and symmetry limits special to those days. Different as Einstein’s and Newton’s theories are, within the solar system their results are almost identical. Low as the forces on the spacecraft are, they are not zero. Important as this area is, it is not where I want to spend my time in this paper. Slight departures from these expectations are not unlikely. It is the bunched beam that radiates. It is the geometry of the iron in the pole regions that chiefly determines the field distribution in the gap. It is this slow superimposed motion which contains “all the FEL physics”. It is this simple renormalizable structure of the Standard Model that has let us derive specific quantitative predictions for experimental results. It is this regenerative function that allows a trigger pulse to push the flip-flop from one stable state to the other. It was Rutherford who realized the need for an accelerator and who encouraged his colleagues Cockroft and Walton to build the first machine for nuclear physics research. It was for this reason that Bosch developed the “Controller Area Network.” It was, however, not until the end of the Second World War that the development of linear accelerators really started. II It is the subsequent deexcitation processes that lead to chemical reactions in heterogeneous photocatalysis process. The use of copper dopant, not expected to block the formation of nickel carbide, does result in a strong decrease in cooking and in the formation of “octopus” type carbon at higher dopant levels. It is the growing intensity of this species that accounts for much of the increased center-of-mass of the NMR lineshape with increased alkali content. Conspicuous by its absence in the spectra of all of these catalysts is a sharp peak at 124 ppm corresponding to gaseous CO2. Evaluating this possibility, an XPS study on supported ruthenium catalysts showed that the Ru core-level binding energies do shift upon the addition of alkali salts, and the shifts are similar regardless of the choice of counterion. These results agree well with the earlier work and so do the values reported by Kramer et al. It were researchers in radiation chemistry who first started to look at the mechanism of chemical reactions involving the plasma state. The enhanced oxygen ion diffusion in SCFC does provide superior cathodic performance compared to LSCF at 700ºC. As predicted from model ii, the thio effect for rS does approach 1 at high pH. During exposure to this cycled environment, gradual sintering does occur, but is less rapid than for treatment in a single gas at the same temperature. It does seem, however, that we have reached a point where the picture of chromatin structure, at least in its more elementary aspects, has clarified to the point where a coherent presentation is possible. There does seem to be general agreement concerning the timing of changes in ADP-ribozylation histones during the cell cycle. Proofreading does indeed operate during DNA synthesis. This may be an indication that the possible allosteric effect of pyrophosphate does only occur if the enzyme is acting in a dimer complex. Although some scattering does exist, these data can be reasonably correlated by the following equation. Only for zirconium did they obtain comparable distinctions. It seems, therefore, that in only one of the cases tested does O-methylthreonine take part in an aminoacylation / deacylation cycle. Only subsequently did the viral DNA migrate to the nucleus, where it underwent integration. Also noted in both small and large intestine was the presence of high molecular weight bands. Compared in Fig.9 are the maximum yields in furan and crotonaldehyde from butadiene on these samples as a function of the number of added V atoms. As the surface coverage increases, so does the vapour pressure. There are no reports, to my knowledge, of cytoplasmic methylation of histones. However, neither is there proof, that even type II enzymes are excluded from nuclei in vivo. The sites and extent of this modification are unknown. Nor is it clear whether glycozylation of histones is a general phenomenon or merely a peculiarity of T. I heard Max Delbruck lecture, but I don’t think I understand the significance of who he was, nor was I influenced by him to go into molecular biology. Although the DNA structure is clearly of the B type, present resolution does not allow an exact determination of the number of residues per turn. Nor can the exact number of turns be determined, for the ends of the DNA are not distinct. It is not impossible that one or more substances might have general application. DNA regions with these sequence characteristics are not uncommon in the cellular genome. It is not uncommon for labeling to be spread over a large number of components. It seems not unreasonable that the DNA-EDTA-Fe(II) probes do not bind Watson-Crick DNA in slightly basic solutions and consequently do not produce cleavage under these conditions. It is not unreasonable to assume therefore that below

Приложение 1

Приложение 2

Приложение 3



III


  1. To acquire an income necessitates certain activities resulting in certain costs.

  2. One possibility is to use operators at the boundaries, another to perform some sort of extrapolation.

  3. The same thing holds in the example we are about to consider now, where X, Y, Z are the sides of a random prism.

  4. Our second strategy employed the notion of a stencil to decompose the addressing scheme of the data graph, so as to obtain a natural partition of the cell set into finite pages.

  5. To have a finite-variance Monte Carlo calculation, we must change the method of sampling.

  6. We know the question to be settled in the following sections is the extent of this dependence.

  7. If the matrices to be multiplied are Boolean rather than numerical matrices, same results hold for the lower bounds if bit operations rather then four basic arithmetics are counted.

  8. To begin, we put f (false) on the stop list.

  9. To be precise, C is the set of partial functions from Z1 to Z2.

  10. This example offers the opportunity to address a problem that is known to arise in the equational logic.

  11. The eigenvalues are found to be the roots of the equation.

  12. Such a system is said to have two different time scales.

  13. Here A is the Jacobian matrix, which is assumed to have only real eigenvalues and a complete set of linearly independent eigenvectors.

  14. A numerical scheme that can be proved to accept only stable discontinuities is said to be an “entropy scheme”.

  15. Outgoing waves are found simply to disappear without reflection.

  16. In such cases the result is very rewarding; we obtain a simple expansion which is likely to be very helpful.

  17. On the other hand, as we will see very soon, for time-bounded computations the question of nondeterminism versus determinism leads to the key open problems of complexity theory, which also turn out to be profound questions about the quantitative nature of mathematics.

  18. The exact definition of R does not seem to be critical.

  19. The collapse of the polynomial hierarchy has been used as an indicator of what is not likely to be true.

  20. Yet, a unifying approach, where all of these phenomena can be dealt with, does not seem to have emerged.

  21. It is therefore not surprising that they turn out to be a powerful tool in the study of analytic functions.

  22. Resources already known to exist will be supplemented to an unknown extent by new discoveries in the future, as they were in the past.

  23. We define our computing scheme to be conservative, if the mass increment, having been subdivided in any arbitrary way, is distributed over the various nodes of the grid without any residue remaining unaccounted for.

  24. For a dense linear ordering to be suitable, it must have a sufficiently large group of automorphisms.

  25. Every subgoal in a query must be solved for the query to be solved or proven.


УСЛОВНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ



Условные придаточные содержат указание на условие, от которого зависит осуществление того, о чем говорится в главной части. Присоединяются к главной части посредством союза if. Вместо if могут использоваться другие союзные средства:


providing (provided)
- при условии, что

in case
- в случае, если

suppose (supposing)
- предположим, что

but for
- если бы не


Условные предложения бывают трех типов.
1. Реальное условие
Предложения, выражающие реальное условие, относятся к будущему времени и могут выражаться тремя способами.
1. If he comes, I will tell him about it.

Если он придет, я ему скажу об этом.

2. If he should come, I will tell him about it. (меньшая вероятность)

3. If he come, I will tell him about it. (употребляется в письменной речи)
2. Малореальное условие
Предложения, выражающие малореальное условие, относятся к настоящему и будущему времени. В переводе появляется частица бы.
If I saw him tomorrow, I would tell him about it.

Если бы я увидел его завтра, я бы сказал ему об этом. (Подразумевается, что это маловероятно).
If he were here, he would help us.

Если бы он был здесь, он бы нам помог.
If I were you, I would do it immediately.

Если бы я был на вашем месте, я бы сделал это немедленно.
3. Нереальное условие
Предложения, выражающие нереальное условие, относятся к прошедшему времени.
If I had seen him at the conference yesterday, I would have told him about it.

Если бы я увидел его вчера на конференции, я бы сказал ему об этом.
But for him, I would not have finished
my experiment.

Если бы не он, я бы не закончил свой эксперимент.
4. Смешанные случаи
Одним из смешанных случаев является выражение формальной просьбы.
I would be grateful to you if you would send me your paper.

Я был бы вам очень благодарен, если бы вы прислали мне свою статью.

5. Бессоюзное соединение

Иногда придаточное условия вводится без союза. Тогда на первое место выносится глагол. Переводится также условным предложением.
Should he come, I will tell him about it.

Если он придет, я ему скажу об этом.
Had I seen him, I would have told him about it.

Если бы я его увидел, я бы ему сказал об этом.


УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

ЧАСТЬ 1
Упр. 1. Переведите на русский язык.


  1. If it rains, the roads get slippery and dangerous.

  2. If we work hard, we’ll finish the project on time.

  3. If I met Brad Pitt, I would ask him about his next film.

  4. If I had been more careful, I wouldn’t have made such a big mistake.

  5. If he should turn up, tell him to wait for me.

  6. If I were you, I wouldn’t travel on my own.

  7. If you lend me some money, I will buy that book.

  8. Should he fail to be re-elected, it would be a great disappointment for him.

  9. Were he more careful, he would make fewer mistakes.

  10. Had she been asked, she would have given her permission.

  11. If we go for a walk, we will take the dog with us.

  12. But for your advice, I wouldn’t have been able to solve my problems.

  13. Providing we are paid overtime, we will agree to work Saturdays.

  14. Suppose you were fired, what would you do?

  15. Unless you help me, I won’t cope with my task.

  16. The experiments show agreement with the theory provided the conditions are met.

  17. The system will fail to perform, unless the requirements are satisfied.

  18. If I were you, I would recheck the results.

  19. Had we had the time, we would have tested the sample twice.

  20. If my aunt had been a man, she would have been my uncle.


Упр. 2. Продолжите предложения.


  1. I would be surprised if

  2. I would be angry if

  3. If I were him,

  4. If I were you,

  5. What would happen if

  6. I wouldn't mind living in London if

  7. We would live happily if

  8. This soup would taste better if

  9. I would buy that book if

  10. If I hadn't been so tired,

  11. The accident wouldn't have happened if

  12. I wouldn't have become a researcher if

  13. If I had brought my camera,

  14. If I had a million dollars,

  15. If I had a million roses,

  16. If I didn't go to work tomorrow,

  17. If you listen carefully,

  18. If I were the President of our country,

  19. If I had a chance of traveling around the world

  20. If I had taken my mother's advice,

  21. If I were not so lazy,

  22. If I had worked harder,

  23. If I pass my exams successfully,

  24. If I go to London,

Упр. 3. Продолжите предложения.


  1. If you had come yesterday,

  2. If I had accepted that job,

  3. If the USA had been a poor country,

  4. If I hadn’t forgotten to say “Happy Valentine!” to her,

  5. If I had bought a diamond ring to her,

  6. If I had kissed him,

  7. If I hadn’t got married,

  8. If I hadn’t had an argument with him,

  9. I would study English better if

  10. I’ll be famous if

  11. I would answer your question if

  12. If I knew grammar better,

  13. If you sent me a message,

  14. All your problems would be solved if

  15. If the theory were correct,

  16. If I lived nearer,

  17. If you correct your mistake today,

  18. I will translate the text if

  19. I would be glad if

  20. I’ll go to the party if

  21. If you help me,

  22. If we finish the project on time,

  23. If I were you,

  24. But for you

  25. I would be furious if

  26. I would be astonished if

  27. I would be grateful to you if

  28. Would it be convenient if

  29. Would you mind if

  30. I would go to the conference if


Упр. 4. Закончите предложения.


  1. I would have regretted it if

  2. If things were different,

  3. If I had met her earlier,

  4. You won’t find a job if

  5. I’ll love you forever if

  6. If you do that again,

  7. I would have changed my life if

  8. I would not have had any problems if

  9. If I had found a better job,

  10. If I need your help,

  11. You would have got a 5% discount if

  12. I would be able to help you if

  13. I wouldn’t be upset if

  14. If your work had met these conditions,

  15. If conditions are favourable,

  16. We would start the work earlier if

  17. We would have started assembling much earlier if

  18. We would have finished this project earlier if

  19. We would have obtained better results if

  20. All our problems would be solved if

  21. If the installation had worked properly,

  22. If I had known about it earlier,

  23. If it were possible to measure such a pressure,

  24. If it were possible to measure the weight,

  25. If I miss the bus,

  26. If you had given me a message,

  27. If I see him,

  28. I would have met you if


Упр. 5. Переведите на английский язык.


  1. Если бы я был на твоём месте, я бы сделал это немедленно.

  2. Если бы он был здесь, он бы нам помог.

  3. Если бы у меня было время вчера, я бы пошёл с тобой на вечеринку.

  4. Если бы я знал её электронный адрес, я бы пригласил её на наш семинар.

  5. Если он переедет в Оксфорд, он будет поступать в Оксфордский университет.

  6. Если ты придёшь пораньше, мы успеем на концерт.

  7. Если бы эти факты были нам известны в то время, это значительно изменило бы направление нашей работы.

  8. Если бы мы работали совместно с биохимиками, наши результаты были бы более интересными.

  9. Если бы мы подошли к этому вопросу с другой точки зрения, то не потратили бы столько времени зря.

  10. Если бы это объяснение было правильным, оно не противоречило бы полученным результатам.

  11. Если бы было изменено хоть одно условие, нам не удалось бы воспроизвести результат с такой точностью.

  12. Если мы попытаемся систематизировать всё, что известно по этому вопросу, то данные будут немногочисленны.


ТЕСТ
Выберите нужную форму глагола.
1. They … their plane if they had not woken up late.
a) would not miss b) would not have missed

c) did not miss d) will not miss
2. If he were careful, he … things.
a) would not break b) would not have broken

c) did not break d) will not break
3. If the scientists had arranged the experiment properly, they … better results.
a) have got c) would have got

b) got d) would get
4. What would you have done if you … the exam?
a) will fail c) had failed

b) fail d) would fail
5. Provided you … you will succeed.
a) don’t worry c) are not worry

b) didn’t worry d) will not worry
6. Nick would continue his education abroad if he … money to pay for it.
a) had c) had had

b) have had d) has
7. It would have been a nice thing if you … our meeting yesterday.

a) attended c) would attend

b) had attended d) could attend

8. If a passer-by hadn’t helped us, we … the way.
a) will not find c) would not have found

b) would have d) did not find
9. If the soil … dry, practically very little, if any, water absorption takes place.
a) is c) was

b) will be d) were

10. If he were better educated, he … the job.
a) will get c) got

b) would get d) had got

11. If we … then what to do, we would have acted decisively.
a) knew c) know

b) had known d) would know
12. Were he here now, he … us.
a) will defend c) defended

b) had defended d) would defend
13. Students … a lot if they didn’t have to take exams from time to time.
a) would forget c) forgot

b) are forgetting d) will forget

14. If he had all the necessary materials, he ….. his model in time.
a) would accomplish c) will accomplish

b) would accomplished d) accomplished
15. The plan would not have been fulfilled in time if the people …. with such

energy.
a) did not work c) had not worked

b) would not work d) were not working
16. If I had known the truth, I …. it.
a) wouldn’t do c) wouldn’t have done

b) haven’t done d) wouldn’t had done


ЧАСТЬ 2
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  1. If we examine a large number of such pulses, their amplitudes will not all be the same.

  2. Should lightning-impulse stress occur, layer windings will ensure an optimal voltage distribution with few oscillations.

  3. Should the cover be removed, its interlock contacts will cause the power converter to be switched off.

  4. If water is substituted for the air, its absorption properties per unit mass do not differ greatly because the average atomic number of water is much the same as that of air.

  5. If the interaction does not occur within the detector, these uncharged radiations (e.g., neutron or gamma rays) can pass completely through the detector volume without revealing the slightest hint that they were ever there.

  6. For example, if an energy calibration is to be carried out for electron detectors, it is much more convenient to use a source of monoenergetic electrons.

  7. In absence of the external force, this work corresponds to the energy loss (or gain) of the charges, provided that the velocity of the charge does not change significantly.

  8. It can be shown that the range of a charged particle in a compound material can also be estimated provided its range is known in all the constituent elements.

  9. We find that, of the models considered, only that proposed by Bando et al. is able to consistently account for all information, provided one allows its parameter A to vary from the usual value of 2 to 2.4.

  10. If neutrinos (or antineutrinos) were present after the decay to cancel the additive separate lepton numbers of the electron and muon, the decay would not violate anything.

  11. If all the default conditions were satisfactory for the problem, only the mnemonic SDFF would be required.

  12. W and D would be diagonal if there were no isospin-violating effects.

  13. If such analyses were used in dynamic translation, high performance degradation would be experienced during the translation.

  14. Calibration would be extraordinary difficult were it not that Nature herself supplies the means through the phenomenon known as aberration of starlight.

  15. If the full Lagrangian statistics of the flow were known, then the particle dispersion could be calculated.

  16. If the sum of these three angles were known, the mass of the lepton could be reconstructed.

  17. Were the same wire to be annealed at 700 - 800˚C for a few hours, the J may drop by an order of magnitude, leaving T and B basically unchanged.

  18. Had those first authors given their results more thought, they too might reverse their conclusion.


II

    1. If catalysts occupy these sites, the rate of sintering will be affected.

    2. If catalysts react with the support to form a new chemical compound, then the reorganization of the new compound will be involved.

    3. It is clear that if we wanted to consider higher average loadings, we would need to increase the upper limit on the loading of a given cage.

    4. If these variables were unrelated, the probability would be 0.01.

    5. If such aberrant coding were due to the differential modification of tRNAs, this modification would be expected to be most noticeable in these tRNAs.

    6. If this simplification were the only reason for the deviation, however, the difference of these binding constants would be surprisingly large.

    7. If this were the case for the dicarboxylic amino acids, one would expect that RNAse hydrolysis of the aminoacyl-tRNAs would produce two isomeric amino-acyladenosines for each of these aminoacids.

    8. Even this low level would not be required in the cytoplasm if the oligonucleotide could gain access to the nucleus.

    9. Thus, the observation that mutation or chemical modification of residues at many different locations within the polymerase cleft has an effect on DNA binding is as expected; indeed, it would be surprising if this were not so.

    10. Extension from a misaligned DNA molecule could occur if the template were to "collapse" around the lesion site, placing the primer terminus opposite the template base to the 5'- side of the lesion.

    11. Evidently, tRNAs with certain combinations of mutations could be isolated only if they exhibited a very low tRNA level, or could be maintained only under conditions of reduced efficiency.

    12. If KBL were of similar magnitude as KAL, a plot of 1/Kp against L would not be linear, but would show a deviation resulting from the quadratic term in Eq.(7).

    13. The complex activity profiles shown by lipoxygenase in reverse micelles would be easier to interpret if the changes in the phase where the enzyme is active could be followed.

    14. If free hydroxyl radicals were generated in solution by the S, 10-phenanthroline-copper system, DNA cleavage would be observed as is the case for ferrous-EDTA.

    15. The existence of the z-DNA structure, first observed at high salt or alcohol concentrations, would be of little interest to the molecular biologist, but for two observations.

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