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Module 9-II. Job.

Составитель Л. П. Вачугова

1. Text A Work and Jobs.

Text B (part 1) The right way to find a job.

Text B (part 2) How to write a CV

2. Dialogues: Interview 1.

Interview 2.

3. Grammar: First conditionals; Future forms.

Present Indefinite and Present continuous, Past Indefinite and Present Perfect (review)

4. Vocabulary: work, kinds of job, discharge, recruitment, applying for a job, abilities, earnings, professions.

5. Projects: discussing (in groups)/ advertising jobs/ professions; describing one’s abilities; having job interviews (role-play), getting job information by phone (pair work), writing CV and Cover Letter, filling in application forms.

Text A Work and jobs

Read the following text and answer the questions:

1. What is the difference between “work” and “job”?

2. What are the ways to know about the vacancies?

3. What is the selection procedure?

4. What is the difference between “salary” and “wages”?

5. What extra money can you get?

6. Are this jobs considered to be highly skilled, skilled, semi-skilled, or unskilled?

Teacher, car worker on a production line, airline pilot, office cleaner, bus driver, office manager.

7. How do we call people working for a company?

8. What is “business”?

What do you do?

To find out what someone’s job is you say “What do you do?” Here, Kerstin talks about her job:

“I work for a large European car maker. I work on car design. In fact, I run the design department and I manager a team of designers: 20 people work under me. It’s very interesting. One of my main responsibilities is to make sure that new model designs are finished on time. I’m also in charge of design budgets.

I deal with a lot of different people in the company. I am responsible for co-ordination between design and production: I work with managers at our manufacturing plants”.

If you work, you have a job. Work is also the place where you do your job.

- Hi, I’m Frank. I work in a bank in New York City.

I leave for work at 7.30 every morning.

- I go to work by train and subway.

- I get to/ arrive at work at about nine.

- I’m usually at work till six.

- Luckily, I don’t get ill very much so I’m not often off work.

A full-time job is for the whole of the normal working week; a part-time job is for less time than that.

A permanent job does not finish after a fixed period; a temporary job finishes after a fixed period.

Old and new ways.

I’m an office worker in an insurance company. It’s a nine-to-five job with regular working hours. The work isn’t very interesting, but I like to be able to go home at a reasonable time.

I’m in computer programming. There’s a system of flextime in my company. We can start at any time before eleven, and finish as early as three, as long as we do enough hours each month.

I work in a car plant. I work in shifts. I may be on the day shift one week and the night shift the next week. It’s difficult changing from long shift to another.

Nice work if you can get it.

All these words are used in front of “job” and “work”:

• satisfying, stimulating, fascinating, exciting: the work is interesting and gives you positive feelings

• dull, boring, uninteresting, unstimulating: the work is not interesting

• repetitive, routine: the work involves doing the same things again and again

• tiring, tough, hard, demanding: the work is difficult and makes you tired

Note: satisfying – доставляющий удовольствие

fascinating – очень интересный и привлекательный

exciting – вызывающий интерес

dull - неинтересный

boring - скучный

repetitive – постоянно повторяющийся

tiring - утомительный

tough - трудный

demanding – требующий терпения, усилия

Recruitment

The process of finding people for particular jobs is recruitment. Someone who has been recruited is a recruit. The company employs them: they join the company. A company may recruit employees directly or use outside recruiters, recruitment agencies or employment agencies. Outside specialists called headhunters. The process is called headhunting.

Applying for a job

Fred is a van driver, but he was fed up with long trips. He looked in the situations vacant pages of his local newspaper, where a local supermarket was advertising for van drivers for a new delivery service. He applied for the job by completing an application form and sending it in.

Harry is a building engineer. He saw a job in the appointments pages of one of the national papers. He made an application, sending in his CV and a covering letter explaining why he wanted the job and why he was the right person for it.

Note: Situation, post and position are formal words often used in job advertisements and applications.

Selection procedures

Dagmar Schmidt is the head of recruitment at a German telecommunications company. She talks about the selection process, the methods that the company uses to recruit people:

“We advertise in national newspapers. We look at the backgrounds of applicants: their experience of different jobs and their educational qualifications. We don’t ask for handwritten letters of application as people usually apply by e-mail.

We invite the most interesting candidates to a group discussion. Then we have individual interviews with each candidate. We also ask the candidates to do written psychometric tests to assess their intelligence and personality.

After this, we shortlist three or four candidates. We check their references by writing to their referees: previous employers or teachers that candidates have named in their applications. If the references are OK, we ask the candidates to comeback for more interviews. Finally, we offer the job to someone.”

Education and training

Margareta: The trouble with graduates, people who’ve just left university, is that their paper qualifications are good, but they have no work experience. They just don’t know how business works.

Nils: I disagree. Education should teach people how to think, not prepare them for a particular job. One of last year’s recruits had graduated from Oxford in philosophy and she’s doing very well!

Margareta: Philosophy’s an interesting subject, but for our company, it’s more useful if you train as a scientist and qualify as a biologist or chemist – training for a specific job is better.

Skilled and unskilled

A skill is the ability to do something well, especially because you have learned how to do it and practiced it.

Jobs, and the people who do them, can be described as:

highly skilled skilled semi-skilled unskilled

(e.g. car designer) (e.g. car production manager) (e.g. taxi driver) (e.g. car cleaner)

You can say that someone is: You can also say that someone is:

+ noun computers

customer care Good with… figures

electronics people

computer software

skilled at, _________________

or skilled in… + -ing

communicating

using PCs

working with large groups

The right person

These words are often used in job advertisements. Companies look for people who are:

• Self-starters, self-motivated, or self-driven: good at working on their own.

• Methodical, systematic and organized: can work in a planned, orderly way.

• Computer-literate: good with computers.

• Numerate: good with numbers.

• Motivated: very keen to do well in their job.

• Talented: naturally very good at what they do.

• Team players: people who work well with other people.

Note: self-starter – человек, способный работать самостоятельно, не нуждаясь ни в чьих советах

self-motivated – человек, знающий как вести себя в той или иной ситуации

self-driven – с собственным автомобилем

Wages, salary and benefits

My name’s Luigi and I’m a hotel manager in Venice. I get paid a salary every month.

I’m Ivan and I work as a waiter in Prague. I like my job even if I don’t earn very much: I get paid wages every week by the restaurant.

I’m Catherine and I’m a saleswoman based in Paris. I get a basic salary, plus commission: a percentage on everything I sell. If I sell more than a particular amount in a year, I also get extra money – a bonus, which is nice. There are some good fringe benefits with this job: I get a company car, and they make payments for my pension, money that I’ll get regularly after I stop working. All that makes a good benefits package.

Employees, management and administration

The people who work for a company, are its employees, personnel, staff, workers or workforce. But these words can mean just the people carrying out the work of a company, rather than those leading it and organizing it: the management.

A company’s most senior managers usually work in its head office or headquarters (HQ). Some managers have their own individual offices.

Note: Workforce, work-force and work force are all possible.

Losing your job

If you do something wrong you are: if you’ve done nothing wrong, you are:

- dismissed - laid off

- fired - made redundant

- sacked - offered early retirement

- terminated

Employees who are made redundant may get advice about finding another job, retraining, etc.

Note: to dismiss - сократить

to fire - уволить (выгнать)

to sack – уволить (за что-то)

to terminate – прервать контракт

to lay off – уволить

to make redundant – уволить по сокращению штатов

Business and businesses

Business is the activity of producing, buying and selling goods and services. A business, company, firm or a concern, sells goods or services. Large companies considered together are referred to as big business.

A company may be called enterprise, especially to emphasize its risk-taking nature. Businesses vary in size, from the self-employed person working a long, through the small or medium enterprise (SME) to the large multinational with activities in several countries.

Limited liability

I’m the managing director and main shareholder of a small company in Scotland called Advanced Components Ltd. “Ltd” means limited company. The other shareholders and I have limited liability: we don’t have to use our personal property, such as a house or car, to pay the company’s debts.

I’m the chief executive of a British company called Megaco PLC. “PLC” means public limited company, so anybody can buy and sell shares in Megaco on the stock market.

I’m CEO of Bigbucks Inc. “Inc” stands for Incorporated. This shows that we are a corporation.

a) Write about each person using words in brackets.

1. I’m Alicia. I work in a public library in the afternoon from two until six. (I \ job)

I have a part-time job

2. My husband works in an office from 9 a.m. to 5.30 p.m. (He \ job)

3. Our daughter works in a bank from 8 till 5 everyday. (She \ work)

4. I’m David and I work in a café from 8 p.m. until midnight. (I \ work)

5. My wife works in local government and she can have this job for as long as she wants it. (She \ job)

6. Our son is working on a firm for four weeks. (He \ job)

7. Our daughter is working in an office for three weeks. (She \ work)

b) Read the job adverts and answer the questions:

1. How many different jobs are advertised?

2. Which job needs most experience?

3. What is the minimum salary for the English Lecturer?

4. How can you contact Maria Philips?

5. Which job pays most?

6. Which job doesn’t pay at all?

7. Which needs most experience?

8. Which involves most travel?

9. Which isn’t permanent?

10. Which job do you need a computer to apply for? Why?

11. Which jobs want people who’ve been to university?

12. Which could somebody leaving school apply for?

Wanted

SPORTS CAMP INSTRUCTORS

Enthusiastic sports instructors wanted for our summer camp in August, teaching groups of 11-14 year olds. No experience is necessary, but a knowledge of at least one foreign language is useful.

Write with a CV to Ms Jean Robson,

Sports Camp International, PO Box 231.

Text B (part 1) The write way to find a job.

You’ve graduated from the University and your task now is to find a job. How to do it? This information will help you.

Answering advertisements is one way of finding a job. But there is a big gap between the number of vacancies filled and those advertised. So writing to employers can often be a good idea.

The object is to get the employer to see you – no more, because the best you can hope for from such an approach is an interview. Asking straight out for a job is fatal because it invites a yes or no response. As no one will offer a post to an unknown quantity the answer will always be negative.

There are a number of golden rules:

• Try to research the name (spelt correctly!) of a specific person to write to.

• Put yourself in the employer’s shoes. Think of what you have to offer.

• Try to keep your CV brief – one page is enough; perfect prose isn’t expected – note form is acceptable.

• Gear your CV to the job and organization. No two CVs should be exactly alike.

• If you’ve been in work, explain your duties and how your work has evolved. Demonstrate on paper that you are a potential asset.

• List your outside interests and skills. Don’t forget your language abilities. Participation in sports can show your capacity for team work.

If your covering letter is in English it should be checked by a native speaker. You should state at the beginning why you are writing and then try to keep the reader interested. You must establish that you would like an interview. Edit ruthlessly. Go over your letter as many times as necessary. Search out and get rid of all unnecessary words and sentences.