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135
I see a field where lambs play,
And peeping through the grass
The little yellow primroses
Nod their petals their path.
Yes, spring time is the best time,
Everything is so gay ...
As over the hill and down the lane
The bus goes on its way.
#6. Classify the following examples of vowel alternations. Tran-
scribe the alternated phonemes.
mean — meant — meant take — took — taken
dig — dug — dug sit — set
write — wrote — written rise — raise
sing — sang — sung fall — fell
wear — wore — worn feast — festive
hide — hid — hidden long — length
speak — spoke — spoken wise — wisdom
know — knew — known hot — heat
give — gave — given courage — courageous
get — got — got stable — stability
teach — taught — taught nation — national
#7. Group the following examples of consonant alternations. Tran-
scribe the alternated phonemes.
send — sent advice — advise
lend — lent house — house
use — use important — importance
defence — defend loose — to lose
intent — intend close — to close
speak — speech a device — to devise
136
#8. Find and transcribe the alternated vowel and consonant phonemes.
Give your own examples of vowel + consonant alternations.
live — life
bath — bathe
breath — breathe
loss — lose
#9. Read and transcribe the following instances of historical eli-
sion. Underline the elided sounds. Add some more examples of
your own.
write fasten column
know soften lamb
gnat whistle sword
listen castle debt
E
xercise Block 5
#1. Define the syllabic type and structure of the following words.
Underline the peak of the syllable.
ear clench spray
mat twists at
must strength act
place pie asks
spleen play texts
#2. Read the following words. Define the structure of syllables,
which consist of consonants. Mark the syllabic sonorant.
cable adjacent
sudden bundle
freedom pupils
137
#3. Divide the following words into three groups. Work out the rules
determining a syllable boundary for each group. Identify the
syllable boundary.
farther abduct finish
mother dreamer beloved
answer drummer lady
baby afraid scanner
beggar corner admire
#4. Comment on the difference in syllable division of the following
English and Russian words.
bigger —
бегом coffee — кофе
model — модель motto — моток
runner — рано liver — ливер
medal — медаль Philip — филин
sachet — саше bitter — бито
#5. Study the following sentences. Find meaningful oppositions. De-
tect the realization of the phonological function of syllable divi-
sion.
The gentleman with a black tie has a blacked eye.
I scream whenever I take very cold ice-cream.
At all our evening parties a tall boy invited Jill to dance.
Whenever rain falls, we never have umbrellas.
#6. Study the following examples of open juncture. Turn them into
those with close juncture. Transcribe both examples and mark
them with [+].
an ice house — a nice house plum pie — plump eye
it slips — its lips fine day — find A
keep sticking — keeps ticking a name — an aim
one zone — one’s own my claim — Mike lame
138
#7. Separate the following words in orthography if it is possible. Use
the rules for syllable separation.
agreeable plumber
bored submit
writing shopgirl
brotherhood mosaic
desks swiftly
overcome postman
E
xercise Block 6
#1. Compare the accentual structure of English and Russian words
given below. Prove the necessity of word-stress for language
learning.
articulation —
артикуляция
sentimentality — сентиментальность
organization — организация
distribution — дистрибуция
temperamental — темпераментный
illumination — иллюминация
antagonistic — антагонистический
nationalization — национализация
#2. Accent the following polysyllabic words with two or three de-
grees of stress. Show the differences between British and Ame-
rican pronunciation models.
accelerate justify adversary
testify economize oratory
memorize functionary abdicate
ceremony enumerate nationalize
demonstrate verify legitimate
139
#3. Study the columns of the accentuation oppositions. Transcribe
and accent the words. What phonological functions of word
stress are realized? How is it connected with the phonemic com-
position of a word?
accent — to accent progress — to progress
addict — to addict forecast — to forecast
contrast — to contrast conflict — to conflict
record — to record abstract — to abstract
produce — to produce perfect — to perfect
increase — to increase patent — to patent
#4. Observe the realization of different types of the recessive ten-
dency in the following words. Put down accent marks and ex-
plain the origin of the words.
implore brother disdain expect
fellow chauffeur yellow enemy
submit renew persuade pretend
honour sister diplomat cattle
withdraw forget foresee husband
father saunter water refuse
review begin nourish restaurant
reason finger demand daughter
apart clinic clothes command
#5. Read the following words. Put down stress marks and state the
origin of words. Comment on the realization of rhythmical ten-
dency in English accentuation.
psychology satisfactory terrorist
umbrella stiletto violoncello
décolleté impression development