Файл: 1-Basic_English_Course_2012.docx

cherry	вишня
grape	виноград
mushrooms	грибы
peach	персик
spinach	шпинат
carrot	морковь
aubergine	баклажан
red pepper	красный перец
onion	лук
garlic	чеснок
beans	бобы
trout	форель
prawn	креветка
salmon	лосось
tuna	тунец
ham	ветчина
sparkling/still water	вода с газом, без газа
soft drinks	безалкогольные напитки
strong drinks	алкогольные напитки
boil	варить, кипятить
slice	нарезать, резать ломтиками
fry	жарить
grill	жарить на гриле
chop	рубить, крошить
peel	чистить
bake	запекать
roast	жарить, печь
mix	смешивать
stir	взбивать
steak	стейк
tin	консервная банка
can	жестяная банка
packet	пакет

Part 5

Grammar Notes Conditionals

1. First conditional

If + Present Simple,

will + infinitive without to.

Positive and negative

I work hard,

she has enough money,

we don’t hurry up,

I will pass my exam.

she will buy a new car.

we won’t be late.

Question

What

Where

will

you do

she go

you don’t go to the university?

she can’t find the job?

Use

1) The first conditional is used to express a possible condition and a probable result in the future.

You’ll get wet if you don’t take an umbrella.

2) If expresses a possibility that something will happen, when expresses what the speaker sees as certain to happen.

If I find your book, I’ll send it to you.

When I get home, I’ll have a bath.

Second conditional

If + Past Simple,

would + infinitive without to.

Positive and negative

I had more money,

she knew the answer,

I didn’t have so many debts,

I would buy a CD player.

she would tell us.

I wouldn’t have to work so hard.

Question

What

Which country

would

you do

you go to

you had a year off?

you travelled round the world?

Use

The second condition is used to express unreal or improbable condition and its probable result in the present or future. The condition is unreal because it is different from the facts that you know.

If I were Prime Minister, I would increase tax fir reach people. (But I’m not Prime Minister)

I would have a party if I lived in a big house. (But I have a small house)

Were is often used instead of was in the condition clause.

Grammar exercise.

1. Make sentences beginning with if. Choose from the box.

you don’t hurry

you pass the exam

you fail the exam

you don’t want this magazine

you want those pictures

you’re busy now

you’re hungry

you need money

we can have lunch now.

you can have them.

I can lend you some.

you’ll get a certificate.

you’ll be late.

I’ll throw it away.

we can talk later.

you can do it again.

2. Put in if or when.

1. If I’m late this evening, don’t wait for me.

2. I’m going to do some shopping now. …… I come back, we can have lunch.

3. I’m thinking of going to see Tom. ….. I go, will you come with me?

4. …….. you don’t want to go out tonight, we can stay at home.

5. Do you mind ……. I close the window?

6. John is still at school. ……. he leaves school, he wants to go to university.

7. Shall we have a picnic tomorrow ……. the weather is good?

3. Jill and Sue are waiting at the bus-stop. They are on their way to the cinema. Complete their story. Use the end of the previous sentence to make the beginning of the next sentence.

Oh, dear, the bus is late.

1. If the bus doesn’t arrive soon, we’ll be late.

2. If ……………. late, we’ll miss the beginning of the film.

3. If ………….. the film, we won’t understand the story.

4. If …………… the story, we’ll be bored.

5. If …………… , we’ll probably fall asleep.

6. If …………… , we’ll miss the end of the film.

Let’s not go to the cinema.

4. Put the verb in the correct form.

1. If he had the money, he would buy a fast car. (he/have)

2. Jane likes living in the city. She wouldn’t be happy if she lived in the country. (she/not/be)

3. If I wanted to learn Italian, ………….. to Italy. (I/ go)

4. I haven’t told Ann what happened. She’d be angry if ……… (she/know)

5. If ………… a map, I could show you where I live. (we/have)

6. It’s not a very good hotel. ………………. there if I were you. (I / not / stay)

7. If ………………. nearer London, we would go there more often.

8. It’s a pity you have to go now. ……………. nice if you had more time. (it/be)

5. Answer the questions.

1. What would you do if the roof fell in?

2. What would you do if you won $ 10, 000?

3. What would you do if a lion entered the room?

4. What would you do if it began to rain very hard?

5. What would you do if you had no money to get home?

6. What would you do if somebody stole your bicycle?

7. What would you do if your TV set wouldn’t work?

8. What would you do if there was no bread to be had?

6. Correct the mistakes in these sentences.

1. If I’m / I’ll be late this evening, don’t wait for me. (I’m is right)

2. Will you write to me if I give / I’ll give you my address?

3. If there is / will be a fire, the alarm will ring.

4. If I don’t see you tomorrow morning, I phone / I’ll phone you in the evening.

5. If you would know my brother, you’d know what I mean.

6. I’m / I’ll be surprised if Martin and Julia get / will get married.

7. If you would come from my town, you would recognize the street names.

8. Do you go / Will you go to the party if they invite / they’ll invite you?

7. Complete the sentences. Use your own ideas.

1) I’m going to the concert if I can get a ticket.

2) I’d go to the dentist if I had a toothache.

3) I don’t want to go swimming if ………………………

4) If you go to bed early tonight, ……………….

5) If I have time tomorrow, ………………

6) If I could go any where in the world , …………….

7) I wouldn’t be very happy if ……………..

8) I’d buy a house if …………………..

9) If I saw an accident in the street, ……………………

10) The world would be a better place if …………………….

Expressions of quantity.

Countable and uncountable nouns.

1. Countable nouns – we can count them, e.g. a cup, an apple, an egg.

2. Uncountable nouns – we can’t count them, e.g. water, juice, oil, ink, sugar, rice, sand.

Some nouns in English are normally uncountable; in many other languages they are countable. Here are some more nouns like this: e.g. money, time, advice, weather etc.

Much (of) and many (of) are used to talk about quantities and amounts. Much (of) is used with uncountable nouns and many (of) with plural nouns.

8. Underline the correct form in the sentence.

Example: How much / many biscuits do you eat?

1. A: Do you eat much / many crisps?

B: Not much / many I like sweet things.

2. A: Do you eat much / many butter?

B: Not, but I eat many / much bread.

3. A: Do you drink much / many cola?

B: No, not much / many, but I drink much / many coffee.

4. A: Are there much / many cakes in the cupboard?

B: I don’t know. There were much / many yesterday.

5. A: How much / many tomato ketchup do you put on your fish?

B: Much / many. I like ketchup.

Self test 4

Grammar

1 Complete the sentences with if or when.

1 _____ we run out of milk we'll go to the dairy.

2 You'll save a lot of your time _____ you buy everything in one shop.

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Файл: 1-Basic_English_Course_2012.docx

Topical vocabulary