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СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

ПРОБЛЕМЫ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ИСТОРИИ PROBLEMS OF HISTORY OF RUSSIA

Социальные последствия мобилизации в Приморской области в годы Первой мировой войны (1914–1917 гг.)

Социалистический город Тырган: историко-архитектурный очерк

Занятия горожанок Оренбургской губернии по данным

Благотворительная деятельность Ярославской епархии в 1900–1913 гг.

Ученый и партийная номенклатура: противостояние на казахстанской целине

Fight against drinking and alcoholism in Tomsk in 1982 – beginning of 1985

Провинциальные проекты преобразований полиции Урала во второй половине XIX в.

История государственной политики в области библиотечного дела в России в 1917–1991 гг.

Продовольственные капиталы Вологодской губернии в 1871–1917 гг.

Школы Томска в годы Великой Отечественной войны (1941–1945 гг.)

ПРОБЛЕМЫ ВСЕОБЩЕЙ ИСТОРИИ И МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ

Влияние экологического фактора на трансформацию основных политических партий Германии

«Хвост, виляющий собакой»: колония Аден и трансформация британской политики в Южной Аравии, 1959–1964 гг.

Особенности студенческого протестного движения в Великобритании 1960–1970-х гг.

Features of the 1960–1970s students' protest movement in Great Britain

ПРОБЛЕМЫ АРХЕОЛОГИИ PROBLEMS OF ARСHAEOLOGY

Мясная напутственная пища в погребальном обряде населения Гонур-депе

ПРОБЛЕМЫ АНТРОПОЛОГИИ, ЭТНОЛОГИИ И ЭТНОГРАФИИ PROBLEMS OF ANTHROPOLOGY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

Визуальный образ Царства Польского во второй половине XIX – начале XX в. в российской прессе и печатных изданиях

УНИВЕРСИТЕТСКИЕ ПРАКТИКИ: ИСТОРИЯ И СОВРЕМЕННОСТЬ UNIVERSITY PRACTICES: HISTORY AND MODERNITY

Временные установки и удовлетворенность жизнью у студентов вузов в смешанной образовательной среде

Восприятие студенческой молодежью российской истории: политический аспект

РЕЦЕНЗИИ BOOK REVIEW

Советская деревня в русском поле киноисследований

2023 № 82


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v XIX nachale XX vv. [Legislative regulation and efficiency of the institute of grain spare shops in the Vologda province in the 19th and early 20th centuries]. VestnikBFUim.I.Kanta. 6. pp. 109–113.


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Сведенияобавторе:

Чудов Сергей Игоревич – кандидат исторических наук, инспектор Контрольно-счетной палаты Республики Коми (Сыктыв- кар, Российская Федерация). Е-mail: chudovx@gmail.com

Автор заявляет об отсутствии конфликта интересов.Informationabout theauthor:

Chudov Sergey I. – Candidate of Historical Sciences, Inspector of the Chamber of Control and Accounts of the Komi Republic (Syktyvkar, Russian Federation). E-mail: chudovx@gmail.com

Theauthordeclaresnoconflictsof interests.

Статья поступила в редакцию 19.06.2019; принята к публикации 21.03.2023Thearticlewassubmitted19.06.2019;acceptedforpublication21.03.2023



137
Вестник Томского государственного университета. История. 2023. № 82 Tomsk State University Journal of History. 2023. № 82


Научная статья УДК 94(571.16)

doi: 10.17223/19988613/82/16

Школы Томска в годы Великой Отечественной войны (1941–1945 гг.)

Александр Семенович Шевляков1, Ольга Алексеевна Горбунова2



1Томский государственный университет,Томск,Россия,Shevlyakov54@rambler.ru

2Томский государственныйархитектурно-строительный университет,Томск,Россия,olqga375@mail.ru
Аннотация. На основе анализа архивных документов раскрывается развитие школьного образования в Томске в годы Великой Отечественной войны. В трудных условиях военного времени первоочередной задачей школы являлось обеспечение всеобуча и поддержание на должном уровне качества обучения. Исследуется основные направления деятельности городских органов народного образования, школ и педагогов по сохранению контин- гента учащихся и организации процесса обучения.

Ключевые слова: школы, Томск, Великая Отечественная война
Для цитирования: Шевляков А.С., Горбунова О.А. Школы Томска в годы Великой Отечественной войны (1941–1945 гг.) // Вестник Томского государственного университета. История. 2023. № 82. С. 137–141. doi: 10.17223/19988613/82/16



Original article


Tomsk schools in the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945)

Alexander S. Shevlyakov1, Olga A. Gorbunova2



1TomskState University,Tomsk,RussianFederation,Shevlyakov54@rambler.ru

2TomskState UniversityofArchitectureandCivil Engineering,Tomsk,RussianFederation,olqga375@mail.ru
Abstract. The article analyzes the work of Tomsk schools during the Great Patriotic War. The aim of the study is to reveal the changes that took place in the sphere of secondary general education in Tomsk during the war. The study is based on the materials from the State Archive of the Tomsk Region.

Tomsk, as well as other rear cities of the country, faced a number of problems from the first months of the war. Schools of the city worked in extremely difficult conditions. When the war began, 20 school buildings were transformed into hospitals for wounded soldiers. More than 30% of the city schools had to operate three shifts a day, one of them even four. Throughout the war, Tomsk schools experienced the lack of fuel for heating and shortage of writing utensils, paper and textbooks. They addressed this problem differently: schoolchildren wrote on kraft paper, in the margins and between the lines in old books as well as collected old textbooks from residents to restore them.

One of the biggest wartime problems was the fact that many children did not attend school. Lack of clothing and shoes became one of the most common reasons for not showing up at school. The same grounds made pupils miss many clas- ses, especially in autumn slush and severe frosts. The city and local public education authorities, schools and teachers did a lot to provide Vseobuch. They offered material assistance to children in need, many schools organized the collec- tion and restoration of old things and encouraged sponsoring organizations to help. On the whole, they managed to main- tain student population size in this difficult time.

Therefore, the war significantly changed the sphere of secondary general education in Tomsk. The specific wartime con- ditions influenced the nature and content of school education. Many students had to abandon their studies for various reasons. They needed to take care of their younger siblings and manage their household. Increased numbers of orphans along with the lack of clothes and shoes prevented many schoolchildren from attending classes. Throughout the war, public education authorities and school teachers tried to keep student population of general education schools at the same level and avert child neglect.

The transformation of school buildings into hospitals, lack of textbooks and copybooks, inability to provide the educa- tional process with necessary visual aids, worn-out furniture and school equipment are the main characteristics of the material and technical situation in wartime schools.

The war significantly weakened school teaching staff. There were very limited opportunities for schools to be replenished with university graduates. All these circumstances affected the quality of education. However, schools in Tomsk and nationwide mostly retained their student population, organizational structure and teaching traditions, which paved the way for further development and improvement of the quality of education.

Keywords: school, Tomsk, the Great Patriotic War
© А.С. Шевляков, О.А. Горбунова, 2023

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