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СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
ПРОБЛЕМЫ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ИСТОРИИ PROBLEMS OF HISTORY OF RUSSIA
Социальные последствия мобилизации в Приморской области в годы Первой мировой войны (1914–1917 гг.)
Социалистический город Тырган: историко-архитектурный очерк
Занятия горожанок Оренбургской губернии по данным
Благотворительная деятельность Ярославской епархии в 1900–1913 гг.
Ученый и партийная номенклатура: противостояние на казахстанской целине
Fight against drinking and alcoholism in Tomsk in 1982 – beginning of 1985
Провинциальные проекты преобразований полиции Урала во второй половине XIX в.
История государственной политики в области библиотечного дела в России в 1917–1991 гг.
Продовольственные капиталы Вологодской губернии в 1871–1917 гг.
Школы Томска в годы Великой Отечественной войны (1941–1945 гг.)
ПРОБЛЕМЫ ВСЕОБЩЕЙ ИСТОРИИ И МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ
Влияние экологического фактора на трансформацию основных политических партий Германии
Особенности студенческого протестного движения в Великобритании 1960–1970-х гг.
Features of the 1960–1970s students' protest movement in Great Britain
ПРОБЛЕМЫ АРХЕОЛОГИИ PROBLEMS OF ARСHAEOLOGY
Мясная напутственная пища в погребальном обряде населения Гонур-депе
ПРОБЛЕМЫ АНТРОПОЛОГИИ, ЭТНОЛОГИИ И ЭТНОГРАФИИ PROBLEMS OF ANTHROPOLOGY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY
УНИВЕРСИТЕТСКИЕ ПРАКТИКИ: ИСТОРИЯ И СОВРЕМЕННОСТЬ UNIVERSITY PRACTICES: HISTORY AND MODERNITY
Временные установки и удовлетворенность жизнью у студентов вузов в смешанной образовательной среде
Восприятие студенческой молодежью российской истории: политический аспект
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Сведенияобавторе:
Лисенкова Алена Денисовна – аспирант факультета международных отношений Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета (Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация). E-mail: alena.denisovna@yandex.ru
Авторзаявляетоботсутствииконфликтаинтересов.
Informationabouttheauthor:
Lisenkova Alena D. – Postgraduate Student at the School of International Relations of Saint Petersburg State University (Saint Peters- burg, Russian Federation). E-mail: alena.denisovna@yandex.ru
Theauthordeclaresnoconflictsof interests.
Статья поступила в редакцию 26.11.2021; принята к публикации 21.03.2023Thearticlewassubmitted26.11.2021;acceptedforpublication21.03.2023
151
Вестник Томского государственного университета. История. 2023. № 82 Tomsk State University Journal of History. 2023. № 82
Научная статья УДК 327(410)
doi: 10.17223/19988613/82/18
«Хвост, виляющий собакой»: колония Аден и трансформация британской политики в Южной Аравии, 1959–1964 гг.
Владимир Петрович Румянцев
Томскийгосударственныйуниверситет,Томск,Россия,rumv1975@gmail.com
Аннотация. В истории деколонизации Британской империи особое место занимает уход Соединенного Коро- левства из Адена – небольшой колонии, расположенной на юге Аравийского полуострова и окруженной британ- скими монархическими протекторатами. На основе архивных и опубликованных документов и мемуаров в данной статье прослеживается дихотомия британских интересов между возможностью предоставления независимости Адену и сохранением лояльности южноаравийских шейхов. Великобритания поддержала монархии, что привело в долгосрочном плане к возникновению длительной нестабильности в этой части Арабского Востока и уходу Соединенного Королевства «к востоку от Суэца».
Ключевые слова: Аден, Гарольд Макмиллан, Британская империя, деколонизация, Ближний и Средний Восток
Для цитирования: Румянцев В.П. «Хвост, виляющий собакой»: колония Аден и трансформация британской политики в Южной Аравии, 1959–1964 гг. // Вестник Томского государственного университета. История. 2023.
№ 82. С. 151–157. doi: 10.17223/19988613/82/18
Original article
“The tail wagging the dog”: the colony of Aden and the transformation of British policy in South Arabia, 1959–1964
Vladimir P. Rumyantsev
TomskStateUniversity,Tomsk,RussianFederation,rumv1975@gmail.com
Abstract. This article analyses the transformation of British policy in South Arabia in connection with the discussions on granting independence to the colony of Aden and the civil war
that began in Yemen in 1962.
Aden was a relatively small British colony located in the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula. The presence of the British military base here attached particular importance to this colony. This base was considered an important outpost in the defense of British interests in the Eastern Hemisphere. It was central to the chain of military bases that stretched from Gibraltar to Hong Kong. The security of Aden was provided by a “buffer” in the form of British protectorates located around the colony. These protectorates were presented by small monarchies ruled by sheikhs loyal to London but conflicting with each other.
Since the mid of 1950s the national liberation movement in Aden grew, and it advocated independence from the United Kingdom. In order to maintain its influence in Aden, Great Britain proposed creating a federation of protectorates and including Aden in it, giving it some degree of independence. An alternative option was to grant independence to Aden while maintaining British sovereignty over the territory of the military base. Ultimately, it was recognized that the unifi- cation of Aden with the federation of protectorates could ensure more peaceful transformation of British interests in South Arabia and maintenance of military presence until at least 1970. The reality turned out to be completely different. The refusal to grant independence to Aden hastened the withdrawal of the British “East of Suez”.
The situation was complicated by the outbreak of the civil war in Yemen. The emirs and sultans of the protectorate
federation preferred to support the royalist camp in this war while the population of Aden sympathized with the Yemeni republicans. These preferences predetermined the choice of London.
The British conservatives chose not to take risks and decided to rely on the monarchies of the south of Arabia that seemed tried and trusted. But such a decision only aggravated the situation in South Arabia and accelerated Britain’s withdrawal from Aden.
Keywords: Aden, Harold Macmillan, The British Empire, decolonization, the Middle East
For citation: Rumyantsev, V.P. (2023) “The tail wagging the dog”: the colony of Aden and the transformation of British policy in South Arabia, 1959–1964. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Istoriya – Tomsk State UniversityJournalof History. 82. pp. 151–157. doi: 10.17223/19988613/82/18
© В.П. Румянцев, 2023
Распад мировых империй – процесс, который неиз- менно приковывает внимание исследователей. В этом процессе отражаются специфические черты отмираю- щего прошлого в лице метрополии, но в нем же и за- кладываются основы жизни будущего, т.е. новых тер- риторий, бывших когда-то колониями. От того, как пройдет этот процесс, зависят и те проблемы, которые