Файл: Государственного университета.docx

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Вестник Томского государственного университета. История. 2023. № 82 Tomsk State University Journal of History. 2023. № 82

Научная статья УДК 94 (470.57)

doi: 10.17223/19988613/82/8

Экономический потенциал Оренбургской губернии и проблема модернизации водного транспорта на Южном Урале в середине XIX в.

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Николай Александрович Коновалов

Башкирский государственныйпедагогический университетим.М.Акмуллы,Уфа,Россия,nikalekkon@yandex.ru
Аннотация. Анализируются экономические предпосылки, начало технической модернизации водного транс- порта на реке Белой – главной транспортной магистрали Южного Урала в середине XIX в. Описывается состоя- ние отрасли до осуществления в регионе первых пароходных рейсов. Освещаются основные факты, связанные с процессом создания в южноуральском регионе пароходного сообщения.

Ключевые слова: Южный Урал, Оренбургская губерния, бассейн реки Белой, пароходство
Для цитирования: Коновалов Н.А. Экономический потенциал Оренбургской губернии и проблема модернизации водного транспорта на Южном Урале в середине XIX в. // Вестник Томского государственного университета. История. 2023. № 82. С. 71–80. doi: 10.17223/19988613/82/8

Original article

Orenburg governorate economic potential and transport modernization problem in the Southern Urals in the middle of XIX century

Nikolay A. Konovalov

BashkirStatePedagogicalUniversitynamedafterM.Akmulla,Ufa,RussianFederation,nikalekkon@yandex.ru
Abstract. The relevance of the topic depends on the current state of transport system in Russia. In recent years transpor- tation is becoming less profitable, which could lead to several negative impacts: decrease in both freight and passenger rotation, trade operations, economic interactions between regions of the country emasculation. The serious problem is a decline in the share of Inland waterway transport in total transport performance. This situation has especially been the case for the Southern Urals. The largest Belaya river in the region has almost ceased to be navigable. The only possible way out of this situation is contemporary Russian transport infrastructure technological upgrade taking into account pre- vious generations’ experience. The purpose of the study is economic premises that led to the beginning of waterway transport in the Belaya river technological upgrading investigation and major developments concerning steam shipping in the Southern Urals in 1850-1860s. analysis. The article provides information about Orenburg Governorate industrial

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and agricultural development just before the first steam ship trips in the region. The article says about the state of regional waterway transport before the steam shipping, lists major developments concerning works of both large Volga and Kama rivers steam ship companies and first ship owners in the Belaya river. Study source databases are presented by the Russian State History Archive (RSHA), unpublished sources, statistical information and the Governorate Press mate- rials. During the research the author concludes that there was a situation at the turn of the 1850 -1860 in the Southern Urals when Russian regional infrastructure technical state was no longer in consistent with its economic development level. Orenburg Governorate had the status of the Russian Empire economic system key region but did not have im- proved transport connections with the country's European part. The steam ship connection on the Belaya river would eliminate the problem. However, the modernization process of the Belaya river waterway transport was long and involved a number of difficulties. By that time monopilistic relationships had formed in the steam shipping market of the country with the most of the market controlled by Volga and Kama monopolist companies. They had not sought to organize a regular steam ship connections, but preferred to reave small local ship owners and then to suspend their activities. Consequently, the key players of the steam shipping market on Belaya river were the large Volga and Kama steam ship companies, local merchants, who were buying their own steam ships only for the development of their main business.

Keywords: South Ural, Orenburg province, Bélaya river basin, shipping company
For citation: Konovalov, N.A. (2023) Orenburg governorate economic potential and transport modernization problem in the Southern Urals in the middle of XIX century. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Istoriya – TomskStateUniversityJournalof History. 82. pp. 71–80. doi: 10.17223/19988613/82/8
© Н.А. Коновалов, 2023

Обширные территории, занимаемые Россией, исто- рически предопределили потребность страны в надеж- ных транспортных коммуникациях. Вплоть до середины XIX в. реки и искусственные каналы были основными транспортными артериями страны, а внутренний вод- ный транспорт – безальтернативным способом пере- мещения грузов на большие расстояния. На Южном Урале вплоть до строительства Самаро-Златоустовской железной дороги главной транспортной магистралью была р. Белая с ее притоками. Еще в первой половине XVIII в. здесь началось активное строительство метал- лургических заводов, сопровождающееся

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